NguDavid Swanson
“Umqondo 'wempi yokusiza abantu' ubuzobonakala ezindlebeni zababhali be-UN Charter njengokuthile Ama-Hitlerian, ngoba yiso kanye isizathu esasetshenziswa uHitler ngokwakhe ekuhlaseleni iPoland eminyakeni eyisithupha nje ngaphambili. ” —UMichael Mandel
Eminyakeni eyishumi nanhlanu edlule, iNATO yayiqhuma amabhomu eYugoslavia. Lokhu kungaba nzima ukuthi abantu baqonde ukuthi ngubani okholelwa ku uNowa I-movie iyinkolelo engokomlando, kodwa: Okushiwo nguhulumeni wakho mayelana nokuqhuma kwamabhomu eKosovo kwakuyiqiniso. Futhi kubalulekile.
Ngenkathi Rwanda yimpi abantu abaningi abangaziswanga abafisa ukuthi ngabe babenayo (noma kunalokho, bafisa sengathi abanye bebengaba nayo), iYugoslavia yimpi abajabule ngayo eyenzekile - okungenani noma nini lapho iMpi Yezwe II yehluleka ngempela njengesibonelo sempi entsha bangemva kokungena Syria isibonelo, noma ku Ukraine - owokugcina, njengeYugoslavia, omunye emngceleni phakathi kwempumalanga nentshonalanga ethathwa njengezicucu.
Ukunyakaza kokuthula kuyinto Ukuqoqa eSarajevo kuleli hlobo. Okwamanje kubonakala kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuthi impi yokuhlukumeza yeNATO, impi yayo yokuqala yangemva kwempi ebandayo yokuqinisa amandla ayo, isongela iRussia, ifaka umnotho wezinkampani, futhi ikhombise ukuthi impi enkulu ingagcina bonke abalimele ohlangothini olulodwa (ngaphandle kusuka ekuphahlazekeni kwezindiza ezinophephela emhlane) - ukuthi lokhu kwabekwa kanjani kithi njengesenzo sokuphana.
Ukubulawa akukapheli. I-NATO iqhubeka nokwandisa ubulungu bayo kanye nomsebenzi wayo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinjenge-Afghanistan neLibya. Kubalulekile ukuthi lokhu kuqale kanjani, ngoba kuzoba ngathi ukukumisa.
Abanye bethu bebengakazalwa noma besebancane kakhulu noma bebematasa kakhulu noma bengabahlanganyeli beDemokhrasi kakhulu noma bebanjwe kakhulu embonweni wokuthi umbono omkhulu awusilelanga neze. Asinakanga noma sawela amanga. Noma asiweli amanga, kepha asikakatholi indlela yokwenza abantu abaningi bababheke.
Nayi isincomo sami. Kunezincwadi ezimbili okufanele wonke umuntu azifunde. Zimayelana namanga esatshelwa ngawo ngeYugoslavia ngawo-1990 kodwa futhi futhi zinezincwadi ezimbili ezinhle kakhulu ezikhuluma ngempi, isikhathi, kungakhathalekile ukuthi ingaphansi kwenjani. Kunjalo: Indlela iMelika Ehamba Ngayo Ukubulawa: Izimpi ezingekho emthethweni, Ukulimala Kwamanye amazwe, Nezigebengu Ezibhekene Nobuntu nguMichael Mandel, futhi Impi Yabantu Abangenangqondo: Yugoslavia, NATO ne-Western Delusions ngu-Diana Johnstone.
Incwadi kaJohnstone ihlinzeka ngomlando, umongo kanye nokuhlaziywa kwendima ye-United States, yaseJalimane, yabezindaba, kanye nabadlali abahlukahlukene baseYugoslavia. Incwadi kaMandel inikeza imicimbi esheshayo nokuhlaziywa kommeli ngamacala enziwe. Ngenkathi abantu abaningi abajwayelekile e-United States nase-Europe beyisekela noma beyibekezelela impi ngenxa yezinhloso ezinhle - okungukuthi, ngoba bakholelwa le nkulumo-ze - izisusa nezenzo zikahulumeni wase-US kanye ne-NATO kuvele ukuthi zazinokungathembeki nokuziphatha okubi njengokujwayelekile .
Izwe laseMelika lisebenzele ukuhlukana kweYugoslavia, livimba ngamabomu izivumelwano okuxoxiswene ngazo phakathi kwamaqembu, futhi labamba iqhaza emkhankasweni omkhulu wokuqhuma kwamabhomu owabulala abantu abaningi, walimaza abaningi, wabhubhisa ingqalasizinda yomphakathi kanye nezibhedlela nezindawo zabezindaba, futhi kwadala inkinga yababaleki lokho akuzange kube khona ngemuva kokuqala kokuqhuma kwamabhomu. Lokhu kufezwe ngamanga, ngamanga, nangehaba mayelana nesihluku, bese kulungisiswa ngokwe-anachronistically njengempendulo ebudloveni obudalile.
Ngemuva kokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu, i-US yavumela amaSulumane aseBosnia ukuthi avume uhlelo lokuthula olufana kakhulu necebo i-US ebelilivimba ngaphambi kokuqhuma kwamabhomu. Nangu uNobhala-Jikelele we-UN uBoutros Boutros-Ghali:
“Emasontweni alo okuqala ephethe, abaphathi bakaClinton sebebulale abantu ngohlelo lweVance-Owen obekunganikeza amaSerbia amaphesenti angama-43 endawo yombuso ohlangene. Ngo-1995 eDayton, abaphathi baziqhenya ngesivumelwano sokuthi, ngemuva kweminyaka ecishe ibe mithathu yokwethuka nokubulawa, yanikeza amaSerbia amaphesenti angama-49 esifundazweni ahlukaniswa aba izinhlangano ezimbili. ”
Le minyaka eminingi kamuva kufanele sikukhathalele ukuthi satshelwa ngesihluku esingamanga abacwaningi abangakwazanga ukusithola, njengoba nje umuntu engazange athole izikhali e-Iraq, noma ubufakazi bezinhlelo zokubulala abantu baseBenghazi, noma ubufakazi yokusetshenziswa kwezikhali zamakhemikhali zaseSyria. Sitshelwa ukuthi amasosha aseRussia abuthana emngceleni wase-Ukraine ngezinhloso zokubulala. Kepha uma abantu befuna lawo mabutho bona angizitholi. Kufanele sizilungiselele ukucabangela lokho kungase kusho ukuthini.
I-NATO kwadingeka ibhomu iKosovo eminyakeni engu-15 edlule ukuvimbela ukubulawa kwabantu? Ngempela? Kungani izingxoxo zokucekela phansi? Kungani ukhipha bonke ababukeli? Kungani unikeza isexwayiso sezinsuku ezinhlanu? Kungani-ke uqhuma ngamabhomu endaweni lapho kucatshangwa khona ukuqothulwa kohlanga? Ngabe umsebenzi wokusindisa wangempela ubungeke uthumele amabutho asemhlabathini ngaphandle kwesixwayiso, ngenkathi kuqhubeka imizamo yokubonisana? Ngabe umzamo wokusiza umphakathi ubungeke uvikele ukubulala amadoda, abesifazane nezingane eziningi kangaka ngamabhomu, ngenkathi usongela ukubulala bonke abantu ngendlala ngezijeziso?
UMandel ubheka ngokucophelela ukuthi le mpi isemthethweni yini, ngokubheka zonke izindlela zokuzivikela ezake zanikelwa, futhi uphetha ngokuthi yephula i-UN Charter futhi ibandakanya ukubulala ngezinga elikhulu. UMandel, noma mhlawumbe umshicileli wakhe, ukhethe ukuqala incwadi yakhe ngokuhlaziya okungekho emthethweni kwezimpi e-Iraq nase-Afghanistan, nokushiya iYugoslavia esihlokweni sencwadi. Kepha yiYugoslavia, hhayi i-Iraq noma i-Afghanistan, lapho abasekeli bezimpi bazoqhubeka nokukhomba eminyakeni ezayo njengesibonelo sezimpi ezizayo - ngaphandle kokuthi sizimise. Le kwakuyimpi eyaphula umhlaba omusha, kepha yakwenza nge-PR esebenza kakhulu kunalokho abaphathi bakaBush abake bakhathazeka ngakho. Le mpi yephule umthetho-sisekelo we-UN, kepha futhi - yize uMandel engakhulumi ngayo - Isigaba I soMthethosisekelo wase-US esidinga imvume yeCongressal.
Yonke impi iphinde iphula I-Kellogg-Briand Pact. UMandel, ngokujwayelekile, usula i-Pact ekucabangeni noma ngabe uqaphela ubukhona nokubaluleka kwayo. Uyabhala: “Isibalo sokuqala esabekwa amaNazi eNuremberg kwaba 'icala lokwephula ukuthula. . . ukwephula izivumelwano zamazwe omhlaba '- izivumelwano zamazwe omhlaba njengeSivumelwano seZizwe Ezihlangene. ” Lokho ngeke kube kulungile. Umqulu we-UN wawungakabikho. Ezinye izivumelwano zazingafani nje nazo. Kamuva kakhulu encwadini, uMandel ubalula iKellogg-Briand Pact njengesisekelo sezokushushiswa, kepha usithatha lesi Sivumelwano sengathi sasikhona ngaleso sikhathi futhi asisekho. Uphinde awuphathe sengathi uvimbe impi enolaka, kunayo yonke impi. Angikuthandi ukusikaza, njengoba incwadi kaMandel ihle kakhulu, kufaka phakathi ukugxeka kwakhe i-Amnesty International kanye neHuman Rights Watch ngokwenqaba ukwamukela umqulu we-UN. Kodwa abakwenzayo ukwenza i-UN Charter isivumelwano sangesikhathi esedlule, uMandel uqobo (futhi cishe wonke umuntu) uyakwenza kuKellogg-Briand Pact, ukuqwashisa ngakho okungaphazamisa zonke izimpikiswano “zezimpi zosizo.”
Vele, ukufakazela ukuthi zonke izimpi ezidayiswa njengamanje njengabantu zisilimaze isintu akuqedi ithuba lokuthi kube khona impi yobuntu. Okusula lokho kungumonakalo ogcina isikhungo sempi ezungeza umphakathi wabantu kanye nemvelo. Noma, ngombono, impi eyodwa ku-1 ingaba yinhle (engingakholelwa kuyo umzuzu), ukulungiselela izimpi kuzoletha lezo ezinye i-1,000 nayo. Yingakho isikhathi sesifikile ukuqeda lesi sikhungo.
