Two dozen ex-U.S. intelligence officials urge President Trump to rethink his claims blaming the Syrian government for the chemical deaths in Idlib and to pull back from his dangerous escalation of tensions with Russia.
IMEMORANDAMU YA: UMongameli
FROM: Veteran Intelligence Professionals for Sanity (VIPS)*, consortiumnews.com.
ISIHLOKO: I-Syria: Ingabe “Kwakuwukuhlasela Kwezikhali Zamakhemikhali” Ngempela?
I-1 - Sibhala ukuze sikunikeze isexwayiso esicacile sosongo lwempi ehlomile neRussia - ngengozi yokukhuphukela empini yenuzi. Usongo lukhule ngemuva kokuhlasela kwemicibisholo yaseSyria ukuziphindiselela kulokho obuthi "ukuhlasela kwezikhali zamakhemikhali" ngo-Ephreli 4 kubantu baseSyria eningizimu yeSifundazwe sase-Idlib.
UMongameli uTrump engqungqutheleni yezindaba nenkosi yaseJordani u-Abdullah II ngo-Ephreli 5, 2017, lapho uMongameli aphawula khona ngenkinga yaseSyria. (Isithombe-skrini esivela ku-whitehouse.gov)
I-2 - Oxhumana nabo be-US Army endaweni basitshele ukuthi lokhu akukona okwenzekile. Kwakungekho "ukuhlasela kwezikhali zamakhemikhali" zaseSyria. Esikhundleni salokho, indiza yaseSyria yaqhumisa ngebhomu indawo yokugcina izinhlamvu ye-al-Qaeda-in-Syria okwavela ukuthi igcwele amakhemikhali ayingozi futhi umoya onamandla waphephula ifu eligcwele amakhemikhali endaweni eseduze lapho abaningi bashonela khona.
I-3 - Yilokhu amaRussia namaSiriya abelokhu ekusho futhi - okubaluleke nakakhulu - lokho abonakala sengathi bakholelwa ukuthi kwenzeke.
I-4 - Ngabe siphetha ngokuthi i-White House ibinikeza ojenene bethu umyalo; ukuthi bakhuluma lokho abatshelwe khona?
5 - Ngemuva kokuthi uPutin enxenxe u-Assad ngo-2013 ukuthi ayeke izikhali zakhe zamakhemikhali, Amasosha aseMelika acekela phansi amathani angama-600 we-CW yaseSyria emasontweni ayisithupha nje. Igunya leNhlangano Yokuvinjelwa Kwezikhali Zamakhemikhali ye-UN (OPCW-UN) kwakuwukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke ziyabhujiswa - njengomyalelo wabahloli be-UN base-Iraq mayelana ne-WMD. Okutholwe ngabahloli be-UN ku-WMD kwakuyiqiniso. URumsfeld nojenene bakhe baqamba amanga futhi lokhu kubonakala kusenzeka futhi. Izigxobo ziphakeme nakakhulu manje; ukubaluleka kobudlelwane bokwethembana nabaholi baseRussia angeke kugcizelelwe.
6 - NgoSepthemba 2013, ngemuva kokuthi uPutin enxenxe u-Assad ukuthi alahle izikhali zakhe zamakhemikhali (enikeza u-Obama indlela yokuphuma enkingeni enzima), uMongameli waseRussia wabhala i-op-ed ye-New York Times lapho athi: "Ukusebenza kwami nomuntu siqu. ubudlelwano noMongameli Obama bubonakala ngokukhula ukwethembana. Ngiyakwazisa lokhu.”
U-Détente Nipped ku-Bud
I-7 - Eminyakeni emithathu nangaphezulu kamuva, ngo-Ephreli 4, 2017, uNdunankulu waseRussia uMedvedev wakhuluma "ngokungathembani ngokuphelele," akuchaze ngokuthi "kudabukisa ubudlelwano bethu obesebubhidlike ngokuphelele [kodwa] izindaba ezinhle kumaphekula." Akukhona nje ukudabukisa, ngokubona kwethu, kodwa akudingekile ngokuphelele - okubi nakakhulu, kuyingozi.
8 – Ngokuhoxiswa kweMoscow isivumelwano sokuqeda ukungqubuzana kwezindiza eSyria, iwashi libuyiselwe emuva ezinyangeni eziyisithupha esimweni sonyaka odlule ngoSepthemba/Okthoba lapho izinyanga eziyi-11 zezingxoxo ezinzima zenza isivumelwano sokuyeka ukulwa. Ukuhlasela kwe-US Air Force ezindaweni ezimisiwe zamasosha aseSyria ngoSepthemba 17, 2016, kwashona abangaba ngu-70 futhi kwalimaza abanye abayi-100, kwaphazamisa isivumelwano esasisanda kumiswa sokumiswa kwezikhali esagunyazwa u-Obama noPutin ngesonto eledlule. Ukuthembana kwashabalala.
Umbhubhisi oqondiswa imicibisholo u-USS Porter uqhuba imisebenzi yesiteleka ngenkathi esoLwandle lweMedithera, ngo-April 7, 2017. (Isithombe se-Navy nguPetty Officer 3rd Class Ford Williams)
9 - NgoSepthemba 26, 2016, uNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle uLavrov wakhala: “Umngane wami omkhulu uJohn Kerry ... ULavrov ugxeke uSihlalo we-JCS uJoseph Dunford ngokutshela iCongress ukuthi uyaphikisana nokwabelana ngezobunhloli neRussia ngeSyria, "ngemuva kwesivumelwano [sokuqeda ukudubulana], esiphethwe ngemiyalelo eqondile kaMongameli waseRussia uVladimir Putin kanye noMongameli waseMelika uBarack Obama, sabeka ukuthi izinhlangothi zombili zizokwabelana. ubuhlakani. … Kunzima ukusebenza nabalingani abanjalo. …”
10 - Ngo-Okthoba 1, 2016, umkhulumeli woMnyango Wezangaphandle waseRussia u-Maria Zakharova waxwayisa, "Uma i-US yethula udlame oluqondile ngokumelene neDamaseku kanye nebutho laseSiriya, kuzodala ushintsho olubi, lwe-tectonic hhayi kuphela ezweni, kodwa kulo lonke. isifunda.”
11 - Ngo-Oct 6, 2016, umkhulumeli wezokuvikela waseRussia u-Maj. Gen. Igor Konashenkov waxwayisa ngokuthi iRussia yayizimisele ukudubula izindiza ezingaziwa - kuhlanganise nanoma iyiphi indiza eyimfihlo - phezu kweSiriya. U-Konashenkov wenza iphuzu lokwengeza ukuthi izivikelo zomoya zaseRussia "ngeke zibe nesikhathi sokukhomba umsuka" wendiza.
12 - Ngo-Oct 27, 2016, u-Putin wakhala esidlangalaleni, "Izivumelwano zami siqu noMongameli wase-United States azizange zikhiqize imiphumela," futhi wakhononda ngokuthi "abantu baseWashington bakulungele ukwenza konke okusemandleni ukuvimbela lezi zivumelwano ukuthi zisetshenziswe ngokusebenza. .” Ebhekise eSyria, uPutin ukugxekile ukushoda “kokubhekana nobushokobezi ngemuva kwezingxoxo ezinde, umzamo omkhulu kanye nokuyekethisa okunzima.”
I-13 - Ngakho-ke, isimo esibucayi ngokungadingekile lapho ubudlelwano be-US-Russian sebucwile manje - ukusuka "kukukhula ukwethembana" kuya "ukungathembani ngokuphelele." Ngokuqinisekile, abaningi bayakwamukela ukushuba okuphezulu, okuyinto - okuvunywayo - ehamba phambili ebhizinisini lezikhali.
I-14 - Sikholelwa ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvimbela ubudlelwano neRussia ukuthi buwele esimeni sokonakala okuphelele. Ukuvakashela kukaNobhala uTillerson eMoscow kuleli sonto kunikeza ithuba lokuqeda lo monakalo, kodwa futhi kunengozi yokuthi kungase kukhulise ukucasuka - ikakhulukazi uma uNobhala uTillerson engawazi umlando omfushane obekwe ngenhla.
I-15 - Ngokuqinisekile sekuyisikhathi sokubhekana neRussia ngesisekelo samaqiniso, hhayi izinsolo ezisekelwe ikakhulukazi ebufakazini obungabaza - kusukela "kumithombo yezokuxhumana," isibonelo. Nakuba abaningi bengabheka lesi sikhathi sokushuba okuphezulu njengesisusa ingqungquthela, siphakamisa ukuthi okuphambene kungase kube iqiniso. Ungase ucabange ukuyala uNobhala u-Tillerson ukuthi aqale amalungiselelo engqungquthela yokuqala noMongameli uPutin.
* Isendlalelo se-Veteran Intelligence Professionals for Sanity (VIPS), uhlu lwazo ezikhishiwe ezingatholakala ku- https://consortiumnews.com/vips-memos/.
Idlanzana lomakadebona be-CIA basungula i-VIPS ngoJanuwari 2003 ngemuva kokuphetha ngokuthi uDick Cheney noDonald Rumsfeld bayalele ozakwethu bangaphambili ukuthi benze ubuhlakani ukuze "bathethelele" impi engenasidingo ne-Iraq. Ngaleso sikhathi sakhetha ukuthatha ngokuthi uMongameli uGeorge W. Bush wayengakwazi ngokugcwele lokhu.
Sakhipha Imemorandamu yethu yokuqala kaMongameli ntambama ngomhla ka-5 Feb. 2003, ngemva kwenkulumo ka-Colin Powell engazalwanga kahle eNhlanganweni Yezizwe. Sikhuluma noMongameli Bush, savala ngala mazwi:
Akekho onekona eqinisweni; futhi asinakho imibono ekhohlisayo yokuthi ukuhlaziya kwethu “akunakuphikiswa” noma “akunakuphikwa” [izichasiso uPowell azisebenzise emacaleni akhe abhekene noSaddam Hussein]. Kodwa ngemva kokubuka uNobhala u-Powell namuhla, siyaqiniseka ukuthi uzosizwa kahle uma uyengeza ingxoxo ... ngale kwendilinga yalabo beluleki abazimisele ngokusobala empini esingaboni sizathu esibambekayo futhi esikholelwa ukuthi imiphumela engahlosiwe ingase ibe khona. ukuba yinhlekelele.
Ngenhlonipho, sinikeza iseluleko esifanayo kuwe, Mongameli Trump.
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KuQembu Lokuqondisa, Abasebenzi be-Intelligence Professionals for Sanity
U-Eugene D. Betit, Umhlaziyi Wezobunhloli, i-DIA, i-Soviet FAO, (i-US Army, ret.)
UWilliam Binney, uMqondisi Wezobuchwepheshe, i-NSA; umsunguli, i-SIGINT Automation Research Center (ret.)
UMarshall Carter-Tripp, Isikhulu Senkonzo Yangaphandle kanye noMqondisi Wangaphambili Wehhovisi ku-State Department Bureau of Intelligence and Research, (ret.)
Thomas Drake, Senior Executive Service, NSA (ngaphambili)
U-Robert Furukawa, uCaptain, CEC, USN-R, (ret.)
UFilip Giraldi, i-CIA, isikhulu sokusebenza (i-ret.)
UMike Gravel, owayeyi-Adjutant, isikhulu esiphezulu sokulawula imfihlo, Isevisi Yezobunhloli Kwezokuxhumana; umenzeli okhethekile we-Counter Intelligence Corps kanye noSenatha wangaphambili wase-United States
U-Matthew Hoh, owayenguKapteni, i-USMC, i-Iraq kanye neSikhulu Senkonzo Yangaphandle, e-Afghanistan (i-VIPS ehlangene)
U-Larry C. Johnson, we-CIA kanye noMnyango Wezwe (ophindelelayo)
Michael S. Kearns, uKapteni, USAF (Ret.); Umfundisi we-SERE owayeyi-Master Sere for Strategic Reconnaissance Operations (NSA/DIA) kanye namayunithi Emishini Ekhethekile (JSOC)
U-John Brady Kiesling, Isikhulu Senkonzo Yangaphandle (ophindela emuva)
UJohn Kiriakou, owayengumhlaziyi we-CIA kanye nesikhulu sokulwa nobushokobezi, kanye nomphenyi omkhulu, iKomidi leSenate Foreign Relations Committee.
U-Linda Lewis, umhlaziyi wenqubomgomo yokulungela i-WMD, i-USDA (ret.) (hlanganisa ne-VIPS)
UDavid MacMichael, uMkhandlu Wezobuhlakani Kazwelonke (i-ret.)
URay McGovern, owayeyisikhulu samasosha ase-US Army / intelligence officer & CIA analyst (ret.)
U-Elizabeth Murray, iPhini Lesikhulu Sezobunhloli Sikazwelonke sase-Near East, i-CIA kanye noMkhandlu Kazwelonke Wezobunhloli (ret.)
U-Torin Nelson, owayenguMphathi Wezobunhloli/Umphenyi, uMnyango Wezempi
Todd E. Pierce, MAJ, ummeli wejaji wase-US (Ret.)
Coleen Rowley, i-FBI Special Agent kanye noMeluleki wezomthetho we-Minneapolis Division (i-ret.)
UScott Ritter, owayengu-MAJ., USMC, kanye nomhloli wangaphambili we-UN Weapon, e-Iraq
Peter Van Buren, U.S. Department of State, Foreign Service Officer (ret.) (ahlanganise i-VIPS)
U-Kirk Wiebe, owayengu-Senior Analyst, iSIGINT Automation Research Centre, i-NSA
URobert Wing, owayeyiSikhulu Senkonzo Yangaphandle (i-VIPS ehlangene)
U-Ann Wright, i-US Army Reserve Colonel (ret) nowayengumdibanisi wase-US
