Iminyaka eyi-100 yokusebenzisa iMpi ukuzama ukuqeda yonke impi

NguDavid Swanson

Lo mhla ziyi-4 ku-Ephreli kuzoba yiminyaka eyikhulu selokhu iSigungu Sase-US savotela ukumemezela impi ngeJalimane kanye nama-100 selokhu uMartin Luther King Jr. akhuluma ngokumelene nempi yaseVietnam (50 selokhu abulawa ngosuku lokuqala lwenkulumo). Imicimbi iyenzeka okuhleliwe ukusisiza sizame ekugcineni sifunde izifundo ezithile, ukuhamba phambili, hhayi nje iVietnam kuphela kodwa impi.

Leyo memezelo yempi eJalimane kwakungewona impi eyenza isihloko esivame kakhulu sokuzijabulisa nomlando wase-US. Kwakungenxa yempi eyafika ngaphambi kwalowo. Lona kwakuyiMpi Enkulu, impi yokuqeda zonke izimpi, impi ngaphandle kokuthi izimo zempi elandelayo zazingeke zibe khona.

Futhi kulandiswa kuMichael Kazin's Ukulwa Nempi: I-American Fight for Peace 1914-1918, ukunyakaza okukhulu ukuthula kwakusekelwa eziningi United States. Lapho ekugcineni impi iphelile (emva kokuba i-US impela ibe khona mayelana ne-5% ubude bempi yase-Afghanistan kuze kube manje) cishe wonke umuntu wayezisola ngakho. Ukulahlekelwa empilweni, imilenze, ukuhlanzeka, impahla, ukukhululeka komphakathi, intando yeningi, kanye nempilo kwakungavamile. Ukufa, ukubhujiswa, isifo sofuba, ukuvinjelwa, isosha elingunaphakade kanye nezintela okufanele zihambe nazo, kanye nokubikezela kweMpi Yezwe II: lokhu kwakuyimiphumela, futhi abantu abaningi bakhumbula ukuthi babexwayisiwe, kanye nokuthi Ukuphela kwempi yonke kwakusethembisiwe.

Abashicileli bokuthula bebexwayise uhulumeni wase-US ukuba aphume empini (hhayi ngaphandle kobudlelwane bezinye izizwe, nje kuphela ebuhlotsheni bokubulala abantu abaningi). Futhi bebeqinisile. Ukuzisola kwakunamandla futhi kwahlala njalo. Kwaqhubeka kwaze kube yilapho umphumela obi kunazo zonke weMpi Yezwe I eza khona ngeMpi Yezwe II. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukuzisola kwafakwa esikhundleni sokukhohlwa. Impi Yezwe I isusiwe emlandweni odumile, futhi ingane nge-steroids wayegubha esikhundleni sokulila, futhi uye wagubha ngokuhlonipha okukhulu kusukela ngaleso sikhathi.

Ukunyakaza okukhulu kokuthula lokho impi evuliwe e-1928, yayisakazeke, kuqhakanjiswe, futhi inolaka ngaphambi kuka-1917. Amalungu e-Antiwar Congress ayengene eCongressional Record isampula yezikhukhula zezincwadi nezikhalazo ababezitholile zinxusa ukuthi i-US ingaphumi empini. Amaqembu oxolo abenemashi kanye nemibuthano, athumela izithunywa eYurophu, ahlangana nomongameli, futhi aphokophele ukufuna ivoti elithandwayo ngaphambi kokuqala kwempi, ekholelwa ukuthi umphakathi uzovotela impi. Ngeke sazi, ngoba ivoti alikaze lithathwe. Esikhundleni salokho, i-United States yagxumela empini, ngaleyo ndlela yavimbela indawo yokuhlala okuxoxiswene ngayo futhi yakha ukunqoba okuphelele okwalandelwa isijeziso esinonya sohlangothi olulahlekile - yona kanye le nhlangano yamaNazi, kanye ne-fascism yase-Italy, impiriyali yaseJapan, kanye neSykes-Picot ukuqoshwa kweMiddle East kuthandwa kakhulu yizakhamizi zakuleso sifunda kuze kube namuhla.

Umbukiso wempi owahambela i-US ngo-1916 wawuhlanganisa imodeli eyi-stegosaurus elingana nempilo eyayimelela imiphumela ebulalayo yokuba nezembatho zempi ezisindayo kodwa kungabikho buchopho. Umqondo wokulungiselela impi ukuze uzuze ukuthula, okuwukuthi namuhla kuyinto elula, watholakala kabanzi njengomthombo omkhulu wamahlaya, njengoba iWashington yafuna “ukulungela” ngokweyisa. UMorris Hillquit, usoshiyali onekhono - okuthile kukaBernie Sanders ngaphandle kwempi yangekhulu lama-21 - ubuze ukuthi kungani amazwe aseYurophu, njengoba ehlome ngokuphelele ekugwemeni impi, awazange ayigweme. "Umshwalense wabo wokulwa nempi kwavela ukuthi wawuyinkinga enkulu yomshwalense owedlulele," esho. Ulungiselela impi, futhi uthola impi - ngokwanele ngokwanele.

UWoodrow Wilson uzuze ukuphindiselwa kabusha endaweni yesikhulumi sempi, futhi ubengeke akunqobe ngenye indlela. Ngemuva kokukhetha impi, akakwazanga ukukhulisa ibutho elizolwa impi yakhe ngaphandle kohlaka. Futhi akakwazanga ukusekela uhlaka ngaphandle kokubopha abantu abakhulume ngokumelene nalo. Wabona ukuthi abenqaba ukuya empini ngenxa kanembeza bahlukunyezwa ngonya (noma, njengoba singasho namuhla, baphenywa ngemibuzo). Yize kunjalo abantu benqaba, belahla, babaleka, futhi balwa ngodlame ngabaqashi ngezinkulungwane. Ukuhlakanipha kokwenqaba impi kwakungekho. Akulandelwanga nje yilabo abasemandleni.

Ukuqonda ukuthi impi kufanele iphele, eyafinyelela ekugqeni kwayo mhlawumbe kuma-1920 naku-1930s, yabona okuthile kokubuya esikhathini esibizwa ngokuthi iVietnam iMelika yaseMelika. UMartin Luther King akazange aphakamise impi ehlukile noma impi engcono, kodwa eshiya yonke impi. Ukuqaphela lokhu kuye kwanda njengoba iVietnam Syndrome isiphelile futhi impi ijwayelekile. Manje, ingqondo e-US ethandwa kakhulu yinkinga yeziphikisana.

Phakathi ku i-poll yamuva, Abantu abangama-66% e-United States bakhathazekile ngokuthi i-US izobamba iqhaza empini enkulu eminyakeni emine ezayo. Kodwa-ke, i-US ibambe iqhaza ezimpini eziningi njengamanje okumele zibonakale zizinkulu kubantu abaphila ngazo, izimpi ezidale inkinga enkulu yababaleki kuze kube manje emhlabeni futhi zasongela ukwephula amarekhodi afanayo endlala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-80% omphakathi wase-US kwinhlolovo efanayo bathi bayayisekela i-NATO. Kukhona ukuhlukaniswa okungu-50/50 kokuthi ngabe uzokwakha ezinye izindela. Iningi elincanyana lithanda ukuvinjelwa ababaleki abalekela izimpi. Futhi ngaphezulu izingxenye ezintathu I-Democrats ikholelwa, ngenxa yezingxabano kunokuba izizathu zombuso, ukuthi iRussia ayibuhlobo noma isitha. Naphezu kwezixwayiso zabahlakaniphile iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu, abantu basacabanga ukuthi bangasebenzisa amalungiselelo empi ukugwema impi.

Into eyodwa engasisiza ukuthi singangeni ezimpini eziningi ubuso bukaTrump manje obubekwe ezimpini. Abantu abazonda iRussia ngoba bezonda uTrump kwesinye isikhathi bangaphikisana nezimpi zikaTrump ngoba bayamzonda uTrump. Futhi labo abasebenza ukusekela ababaleki bangafuna futhi ukuqeda ubugebengu obudala ababaleki.

Okwamanje, amathangi aseJalimane aphinde abuye ukugoqa ubheke emngceleni waseRussia, futhi esikhundleni sokucela ukusolwa ngamaqembu afana ne-Anne Frank Center, njengoba kusanda kwenziwa ukulwa nokulwa nobuJuda kukaDonald Trump, izinkululeko zase-US zivame ukushaya ihlombe noma ukugwema noma yikuphi ukuqwashisa.

Enye into eqinisekile: ngeke sisinde kwenye iminyaka ye-100 yalokhu. Esikhathini eside ngaphambi kwalokho, kuzomele sizame Okunye. Sizodinga ukudlulela empini ekuxazululweni kwezingxabano ezingaphephile, usizo, idiplomacy, ukungavumelani, ukubambisana kanye nokubusa komthetho.

World Beyond War uhlela imicimbi yonke indawo, kuhlanganise nalawa:

Ukukhumbula Izimpi Zedlule. . . nokuvimbela okulandelayo

April 3rd e-NYU, eNew York, NY. (imininingwane ye-TBA)
Abathengi: Joanne Sheehan, Glen Ford, Alice Slater, Maria Santelli, David Swanson.

April 4, I-6-8 pm ama-busboys nama-Poetra, i-5th ne-K Streets NW, Washington, DC
Abathengi: UMichael Kazin, u-Eugene Puryear, uMedea Benjamin, uDavid Swanson, uMaria Santelli.

Kwangathi 25, I-6-8 pm, i-Koret Auditorium, i-San Francisco Public Library, i-100 Larkin St, iSan Francisco, CA.
Abathengi: UJackie Cabasso, Daniel Ellsberg, David Hartsough, Adam Hochschild.