Nipasẹ Craig Brown, Jørgen Johansen, Majken Jul Sørensen, ati Stellan Vinthagen, Waging Nonviolence, Oṣu Kẹsan 29, 2022
Gẹgẹbi alaafia, rogbodiyan ati awọn onimọwe resistance, a beere ara wa ni ibeere kanna bi ọpọlọpọ awọn eniyan miiran ni awọn ọjọ wọnyi: Kini a yoo ṣe ti a ba jẹ awọn ara ilu Yukirenia? A nireti pe a ni igboya, aibikita ati ja fun Ukraine ọfẹ ti o da lori imọ ti a ni. Atako nigbagbogbo nbeere ifara-ara-ẹni. Sibẹsibẹ awọn ọna ti o munadoko wa lati koju ijakadi ati iṣẹ ti ko kan ihamọra ara wa tabi awọn miiran, ati pe yoo ja si awọn iku ti Ukrainian diẹ ju resistance ologun lọ.
A ro nipa bawo ni - ti a ba n gbe ni Ukraine ati pe o kan ti yabo - a yoo daabobo awọn eniyan Ti Ukarain ati aṣa julọ. A loye ọgbọn ti o wa lẹhin ẹbẹ ti ijọba Ti Ukarain fun awọn ohun ija ati awọn ọmọ ogun lati odi. Bibẹẹkọ, a pinnu pe iru ilana bẹẹ yoo fa irora naa pẹ nikan yoo si ja si iku ati iparun ti o tobi paapaa. A ranti awọn ogun ni Siria, Afiganisitani, Chechnya, Iraq ati Libya, ati awọn ti a yoo ifọkansi lati yago fun iru ipo ni Ukraine.
Ibeere naa wa lẹhinna: Kini a yoo ṣe dipo lati daabobo awọn eniyan Ti Ukarain ati aṣa? A wo pẹlu ọwọ si gbogbo awọn ọmọ-ogun ati awọn ara ilu akikanju ti o ja fun Ukraine; bawo ni ifarabalẹ ti o lagbara yii ṣe le ja ati ku fun Ukraine ọfẹ kan ṣiṣẹ bi aabo gidi ti awujọ Ti Ukarain? Tẹlẹ, awọn eniyan ni gbogbo orilẹ-ede Ukraine ti n lo awọn ọna aiṣedeede lati ja ogun naa; a yoo ṣe ohun ti o dara julọ lati ṣeto eto ati imusese atako ara ilu. A yoo lo awọn ọsẹ naa - ati boya paapaa awọn oṣu - pe diẹ ninu awọn agbegbe ti iwọ-oorun Ukraine le wa ni ipa ti ko ni ipa nipasẹ ija ologun lati mura ara wa ati awọn ara ilu miiran fun ohun ti o wa niwaju.
Dipo ti idoko-owo ireti wa ni awọn ọna ologun, a yoo ṣeto lẹsẹkẹsẹ nipa ikẹkọ bi ọpọlọpọ eniyan bi o ti ṣee ṣe ni atako ara ilu, ati ni ifọkansi lati ṣeto dara julọ ati ipoidojuko atako araalu ti o ti n ṣẹlẹ lairotẹlẹ tẹlẹ. Iwadi ni agbegbe yii fihan pe atako ara ilu ti ko ni ihamọra labẹ ọpọlọpọ awọn ayidayida ni o munadoko diẹ sii ju ijakadi ologun. Gbigbogun agbara gbigba jẹ nigbagbogbo nira, laibikita ọna ti o lo. Sibẹsibẹ, ni Ukraine, imọ ati iriri wa pe awọn ọna alaafia le ja si iyipada, gẹgẹbi nigba Iyika Orange ni 2004 ati Maidan Revolution ni 2014. Lakoko ti awọn ipo ti o yatọ pupọ ni bayi, awọn eniyan Ukrainian le lo awọn ọsẹ to nbo lati ni imọ siwaju sii. , tan imo yii ki o kọ awọn nẹtiwọki, awọn ajo ati awọn amayederun ti o ja fun ominira Ukrainian ni ọna ti o munadoko julọ.
Loni isọdọkan kariaye wa pẹlu Ukraine - atilẹyin ti a le gbẹkẹle a faagun si resistance ti ko ni ihamọra ni ọjọ iwaju. Pẹlu eyi ni lokan, a yoo dojukọ awọn akitiyan wa lori awọn agbegbe mẹrin.
1. A yoo fi idi ati ki o tẹsiwaju ajosepo pẹlu Russian abele awujo awọn ẹgbẹ ati awọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ ti o ti wa ni atilẹyin Ukraine. Paapaa botilẹjẹpe wọn wa labẹ titẹ lile, awọn ẹgbẹ ẹtọ eniyan wa, awọn oniroyin ominira ati awọn ara ilu lasan ti o mu awọn eewu nla lati koju ogun naa. O ṣe pataki ki a mọ bi a ṣe le kan si wọn nipasẹ ibaraẹnisọrọ ti paroko, ati pe a nilo imọ ati awọn amayederun lori bi a ṣe le ṣe eyi. Ireti wa ti o tobi julọ fun Ukraine ọfẹ ni pe awọn olugbe Ilu Rọsia bori Putin ati ijọba rẹ nipasẹ iyipada aiṣedeede kan. A tun jẹwọ akikanju akikanju si oludari Belarus Alexander Lukashenko ati ijọba rẹ, ni iyanju asopọ ti o tẹsiwaju ati isọdọkan pẹlu awọn ajafitafita ni orilẹ-ede yẹn.
2. A yoo tan kaakiri imo nipa awọn ilana ti aiṣedeede resistance. Idaduro ti kii ṣe iwa-ipa da lori ọgbọn kan, ati didara si laini ilana ti iwa-ipa jẹ apakan pataki ti eyi. A ko sọrọ nipa iwa nikan, ṣugbọn nipa ohun ti o munadoko julọ labẹ awọn ipo. Diẹ ninu wa le ti ni idanwo lati pa awọn ọmọ ogun Russia ti a ba rii anfani, ṣugbọn a loye pe kii ṣe anfani wa ni ipari pipẹ. Pa awọn ọmọ ogun Russia diẹ diẹ kii yoo ja si aṣeyọri ologun eyikeyi, ṣugbọn o ṣee ṣe lati sọ gbogbo eniyan ti o ni ipa ninu atako ara ilu di ofin. Yoo jẹ ki o ṣoro fun awọn ọrẹ Russia wa lati duro ni ẹgbẹ wa ati rọrun fun Putin lati sọ pe a jẹ onijagidijagan. Nigbati o ba de iwa-ipa, Putin ni gbogbo awọn kaadi ni ọwọ rẹ, nitorinaa aye wa ti o dara julọ ni lati ṣe ere ti o yatọ patapata. Àwọn ará Rọ́ṣíà ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀ ti kọ́ láti máa wo àwọn ará Ukraine gẹ́gẹ́ bí arákùnrin àti arábìnrin wọn, ó sì yẹ ká máa jàǹfààní jù lọ nínú èyí. Ti awọn ọmọ ogun Russia ba fi agbara mu lati pa ọpọlọpọ awọn ara ilu Yukirenia ti o ni alaafia ti o koju ni ọna igboya, iṣesi ti awọn ọmọ-ogun ti o gba yoo dinku pupọ, ijade yoo pọ si, ati pe atako Russia yoo lagbara. Ijọpọ yii lati ọdọ awọn ara ilu Russia lasan ni kaadi ipè ti o tobi julọ, afipamo pe a gbọdọ ṣe ohun gbogbo ti a le ṣe lati rii daju pe ijọba Putin ko ni aye lati yi iwoye yii ti awọn ara ilu Ukrainian pada.
3. A yoo tan kaakiri imo nipa awọn ọna ti aiṣedeede aiṣedeede, paapaa awọn ti a ti lo pẹlu aṣeyọri lakoko awọn ikọlu ati awọn iṣẹ. Ni awọn agbegbe ti Ukraine ti o ti gba tẹlẹ nipasẹ Russia, ati ninu iṣẹlẹ ti iṣẹ-ṣiṣe ti Russia ti pẹ, a yoo fẹ ki ara wa ati awọn alagbada miiran wa ni imurasilẹ lati tẹsiwaju ijakadi naa. Agbara gbigba nilo iduroṣinṣin, idakẹjẹ ati ifowosowopo lati le ṣe iṣẹ naa pẹlu iye ti o kere ju ti awọn orisun. Idaduro aiṣedeede lakoko iṣẹ jẹ nipa aifọwọsowọpọ pẹlu gbogbo awọn aaye ti iṣẹ naa. Ti o da lori iru awọn abala ti iṣẹ naa ni o kẹgan julọ, awọn aye ti o pọju fun ilodisi aiṣedeede pẹlu idasesile ninu awọn ile-iṣelọpọ, kikọ eto ile-iwe ti o jọra, tabi kiko lati ṣe ifowosowopo pẹlu iṣakoso naa. Diẹ ninu awọn ọna aiṣedeede jẹ nipa apejọ ọpọlọpọ eniyan ni awọn ikede ti o han, botilẹjẹpe lakoko iṣẹ, eyi le ni nkan ṣe pẹlu eewu nla. O ṣee ṣe kii ṣe akoko fun awọn ifihan nla ti o ṣe afihan awọn iyipada alaiwa-ipa tẹlẹ ti Ukraine. Dipo, a yoo dojukọ awọn iṣe tuka diẹ sii ti ko ni eewu, gẹgẹbi awọn boycotts ti awọn iṣẹlẹ ikede ti Ilu Rọsia, tabi iduro iṣọpọ ni awọn ọjọ ile, eyiti o le mu eto-ọrọ aje duro. Awọn iṣeeṣe ko ni ailopin, ati pe a le fa awokose lati awọn orilẹ-ede ti awọn Nazis tẹdo lakoko Ogun Agbaye II, lati Ijakadi ominira ti East Timor tabi awọn orilẹ-ede miiran ti o tẹdo loni, bii West Papua tabi Western Sahara. Nugbo lọ dọ ninọmẹ vonọtaun Ukraine tọn yin vonọtaun de ma glọnalina mí ma nado plọnnu sọn mẹdevo lẹ dè.
4. A yoo fi idi olubasọrọ kan pẹlu awọn ajo agbaye gẹgẹbi Peace Brigades International tabi Alaafia Alailowaya. Ni awọn ọdun 40 sẹhin, awọn ajo bii iwọnyi ti kọ ẹkọ bii awọn alafojusi kariaye ṣe le ṣe iyatọ nla si awọn ajafitafita ẹtọ eniyan agbegbe ti ngbe pẹlu awọn irokeke si igbesi aye wọn. Iriri wọn lati awọn orilẹ-ede bii Guatemala, Colombia, Sudan, Palestine ati Sri Lanka le ni idagbasoke lati baamu awọn ipo ni Ukraine. O le gba igba diẹ lati ṣe, sibẹsibẹ fun igba pipẹ, wọn le ni anfani lati ṣeto ati firanṣẹ awọn ara ilu Russia si Ukraine gẹgẹbi “awọn oluṣọ ti ko ni ihamọra,” gẹgẹbi apakan ti awọn ẹgbẹ kariaye. Yoo nira diẹ sii fun ijọba Putin lati ṣe awọn iwa ika si awọn ara ilu Ti Ukarain ti awọn ara ilu Russia ba jẹri rẹ, tabi ti awọn ẹlẹri ba jẹ ọmọ ilu ti awọn orilẹ-ede ti o ṣetọju awọn ibatan ọrẹ pẹlu ijọba rẹ - fun apẹẹrẹ China, Serbia tabi Venezuela.
Ti a ba ni atilẹyin ijọba ti Ti Ukarain fun ilana yii, ati iraye si awọn orisun eto-aje kanna ati imọ-ẹrọ imọ-ẹrọ ti o lọ si aabo ologun, ete ti a daba yoo ti rọrun lati ṣe. Ti a ba ti bẹrẹ igbaradi ni ọdun kan sẹhin, a yoo ti ni ipese dara julọ loni. Sibẹsibẹ, a gbagbọ pe atako ara ilu ti ko ni ihamọra ni aye to dara lati ṣẹgun iṣẹ iwaju ti o pọju. Fun ijọba Russia, ṣiṣe iṣẹ kan yoo nilo owo ati oṣiṣẹ. Mimu iṣẹ kan yoo jẹ idiyele paapaa diẹ sii ti olugbe Ti Ukarain ba ṣe ifowosowopo ni aisi ifowosowopo. Nibayi, awọn diẹ alaafia awọn resistance, awọn diẹ soro o ni lati legtimize awọn inilara ti awon ti o koju. Iru resistance bẹẹ yoo tun rii daju pe awọn ibatan ti o dara pẹlu Russia ni ọjọ iwaju, eyiti yoo jẹ ẹri ti o dara julọ ti aabo Ukraine nigbagbogbo pẹlu aladugbo ti o lagbara ni Ila-oorun.
Nitoribẹẹ, awa ti o ngbe odi ni ailewu ko ni ẹtọ lati sọ fun awọn ara ilu Yukirenia kini lati ṣe, ṣugbọn ti a ba jẹ ara ilu Ukrain loni, ọna ti a yoo yan. Ko si ọna ti o rọrun, ati pe awọn eniyan alaiṣẹ yoo ku. Sibẹsibẹ, wọn ti ku tẹlẹ, ati pe ti ẹgbẹ Russia nikan ba nlo agbara ologun, awọn aye ti titọju awọn igbesi aye Ti Ukarain, aṣa ati awujọ ga julọ.
– Endowed Ojogbon Stellan Vinthagen, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
– Ojogbon Majken Jul Sørensen, Østfold University College, Norway
– Ojogbon Richard Jackson, University of Otago, Ilu Niu silandii
- Matt Meyer, Akowe Gbogbogbo, International Peace Research Association
– Dokita Craig Brown, University of Massachusetts Amherst, United Kingdom
– Ojogbon emeritus Brian Martin, University of Wollongong, Australia
- Jörgen Johansen, oniwadi ominira, Iwe akosile ti Awọn ẹkọ Resistance, Sweden
– Ojogbon emeritus Andrew Rigby, Coventry University, UK
– Aare ti International Fellowship ti ilaja Lotta Sjöström Becker
- Henrik Frykberg, Revd. Oludamoran Bishops lori interfaith, ecumenics ati isọpọ, Diocese ti Gothenburg, Ijo ti Sweden
– Ojogbon Lester Kurtz, George Mason University, United States
– Ojogbon Michael Schulz, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
– Ojogbon Lee Smithey, Swarthmore College, United States of America
– Dr.. Ellen Furnari, ominira awadi, United States
– Associate Ojogbon Tom Hastings, Portland State University, USA
– Doctoral tani Rev.. Karen Van Fossan, Independent oluwadi, United States
- Olukọni Sherri Maurin, SMUHSD, USA
- Alakoso Lay To ti ni ilọsiwaju Joanna Thurmann, Diocese ti San Jose, Amẹrika
– Ojogbon Sean Chabot, Eastern Washington University, United States
– Ojogbon emeritus Michael Nagler, UC, Berkeley, USA
– MD, Tele Adjunct Ojogbon John Reuwer, St. Michaels College & amupu;World BEYOND War, Amẹrika
- PhD, ọjọgbọn ti fẹyìntì Randy Janzen, Ile-iṣẹ Mir fun Alaafia ni Selkirk College, Canada
- Dokita Martin Arnold, Institute for Peace Work and Nonviolent Conflict Transformation, Germany
- PhD Louise CookTonkin, Oluwadi olominira, Australia
– Mary Girard, Quaker, Canada
- Oludari Michael Beer, International Nonviolence, USA
– Ojogbon Egon Spiegel, University of Vechta, Germany
– Ojogbon Stephen Zunes, University of San Francisco, United States
– Dokita Chris Brown, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia
- Oludari Alase David Swanson, World BEYOND War, US
– Lorin Peters, Awọn ẹgbẹ Alafia Onigbagbọ, Palestine/USA
– Oludari PEACEWORKERS David Hartsough, PEACEWORKERS, USA
- Ọjọgbọn ti Ofin Emeritus William S Geimer, Greter Victoria Peace School, Canada
– Oludasile ati Alaga ti Board Ingvar Rönnbäck, Miiran Development Foundation, Sweden
Mr Amos Oluwatoye, Nigeria
- Omowe Iwadi PhD Virendra Kumar Gandhi, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Bihar, India
– Ọjọgbọn Berit Bliesemann de Guevara, Ẹka ti Iselu Kariaye, Ile-ẹkọ giga Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
– Amofin Thomas Ennefors, Sweden
– Ojogbon ti Alafia Studies Kelly Rae Kraemer, College of St Benedict/St John ká University, USA
Lasse Gustavsson, olominira, Canada
– Philosopher & Onkọwe Ivar Rönnbäck, WFP – World Future Press, Sweden
– Alejo Ojogbon (fẹyìntì) George Lakey, Swarthmore College, USA
– Associate professor Dr. Anne de Jong, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Dr Veronique Dudouet, Berghof Foundation, Jẹmánì
- Olukọni ẹlẹgbẹ Christian Renoux, University of Orleans ati IFOR, France
– Tradeunionist Roger Hultgren, Swedish Transportworkers Union, Sweden
- Oludije PhD Peter Cousins, Institute for Peace and Conflict Studies, Spain
– Olùkọwé ẹlẹgbẹ María del Mar Abad Grau, Universidad de Granada, Spain
– Ojogbon Mario López-Martínez, University of Granada, Spain
– Olùkọ́ agba Alexandre Christoyannopoulos, Loughborough University, United Kingdom
- PhD Jason MacLeod, Oluwadi olominira, Australia
- Ẹlẹgbẹ Resistance Joanne Sheehan, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
– Ọjọgbọn Aslam Khan, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Bihar, India
– Dalilah Shemia-Goeke, University of Wollongong, Jẹmánì
– Dokita Molly Wallace, Portland State University, United States
– Ojogbon Jose Angel Ruiz Jimenez, University of Granada, Spain
– Priyanka Borpujari, Dublin City University, Ireland
– Associate Ojogbon Brian Palmer, Uppsala University, Sweden
– Alagba Tim Mathern, ND Alagba, United States
- Oniṣiro-ọrọ agbaye ati oludije dokita, Hans Sinclair Sachs, oniwadi olominira, Sweden/Colombia
- Lu Roggenbuck, German Platform fun Iyipada Rogbodiyan Abele
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Craig Brown
Craig Brown jẹ alafaramo ẹka ẹka Sociology ni UMass Amherst. O jẹ Olootu Iranlọwọ ti Iwe akọọlẹ ti Awọn Iwadi Resistance ati ọmọ ẹgbẹ igbimọ ti Ẹgbẹ Iwadi Alafia Yuroopu. PhD rẹ ṣe ayẹwo awọn ọna ti resistance lakoko Iyika Tunisia 2011.
Jørgen Johansen
Jørgen Johansen jẹ ọmọ ile-iwe alafẹfẹ ati alapon pẹlu ọdun 40 ti iriri ni diẹ sii ju awọn orilẹ-ede 100 lọ. O ṣe iranṣẹ bi Igbakeji Olootu fun Iwe akọọlẹ ti Awọn ẹkọ Resistance ati oluṣeto ti Ẹgbẹ Ikẹkọ Nordic Nonviolence, tabi NORNONS.
Majken Jul Sørensen
Majken Jul Sørensen gba oye oye rẹ fun iwe-ẹkọ iwe-ẹkọ “Apanilẹrin Oṣelu Apanilẹrin: Awọn Ipenija gbangba ti kii ṣe iwa-ipa si Agbara” lati Ile-ẹkọ giga ti Wollongong, Australia ni ọdun 2014. Majken wa si Ile-ẹkọ giga Karlstad ni ọdun 2016 ṣugbọn o tẹsiwaju bi Alabaṣepọ Iwadi Post-Doctoral Iwadi ni Ile-ẹkọ giga ti Wollongong laarin 2015 ati 2017. Majken ti jẹ aṣáájú-ọnà ni ṣiṣewadii arin takiti bi ọna kan ninu atako aiṣedeede si irẹjẹ ati pe o ti tẹjade awọn dosinni ti awọn nkan ati awọn iwe pupọ, pẹlu Humor ni Iṣe iṣelu Oselu: Creative Nonviolent Resistance.
Stellan Vinthagen
Stellan Vinthagen jẹ olukọ ọjọgbọn ti imọ-ọrọ-ọrọ, ọmọwe-akitiyan, ati Alaga Idawọle Inaugural ni Ikẹkọ ti Iṣẹ Taara Aiṣe-ipa ati Resistance Ilu ni University of Massachusetts, Amherst, nibiti o ti ṣe itọsọna Initiative Studies Resistance.
2 awọn esi
Ich unterstütze gewaltlosen Widerstand. Die Nato ist ein kriegerisches Bündnis, es gefährdet weltweit souveräne Staaten.
Die USA, Russland und China und die arabischen Staaten sind imperiale Mächte, deren Kriege um Rohstoffe und Macht Menschen, Tiere und Umwelt vernichten.
Leider sind kú USA kú Hauptkriegstreiber, kú CIA sind okeere vertreten. Noch mehr Aufrüstung bedeutet noch mehr Kriege und Bedrohung aller Menschen.
Mi proponas legadon de
https://medium.com/@kravchenko_mm/what-should-russia-do-with-ukraine-translation-of-a-propaganda-article-by-a-russian-journalist-a3e92e3cb64
Tiom da perforto postulos eĉ pli komplika neperfortan metodon…