Realignment Base Realignment ati Ibopọ Iṣeduro ti firanṣẹ lẹta kan ti o rọ fun awọn Alagba ati Awọn igbimọ Iṣẹ Iṣẹ Ile lati pẹlu ibeere ijabọ kan lori awọn ipilẹ ilu okeere ni FY2020 NDAA lati mu akoyawo, fi awọn dọla owo-ori sanwo, ati ilọsiwaju aabo orilẹ-ede. Lẹta naa, ti a so ati ni isalẹ, ti ni ibuwọlu nipasẹ diẹ ẹ sii ju mejila ologun awọn amoye ati awọn ajọ lọ.

Awọn ibeere le wa ni itọsọna si OBRACC2018@gmail.com.

Pẹlu ọpẹ,

David

David Vine
Ojogbon
Ẹka ti Anthropology
American University
4400 Massachusetts Ave. NW
Washington, DC 20016 USA

August 23, 2019

Olokiki James Inhofe

Alaga, Igbimọ Alagba lori Awọn iṣẹ ologun

 

Ologo Jack Reed

Ọmọ ẹgbẹ ipo, Igbimọ Alagba lori Awọn iṣẹ ologun

 

Ologo Adam Smith

Alaga, Igbimọ Awọn Iṣẹ Ile

 

Olokiki Mac Thornberry

Ọmọ ẹgbẹ ti o wa ni ipo, Igbimọ Awọn Iṣẹ Iṣẹ Ile

 

Oloye Alaga Inhofe ati Smith, ati Awọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ Ami Reed ati Thornberry:

A jẹ ẹgbẹ kan ti awọn alamọja ipilẹ ologun lati ikọja oju iṣẹlẹ iṣelu ti oselu lati rọ ọ lati ṣetọju Sec. 1079 ti HR 2500, “Ijabọ lori Awọn idiyele Owo ti Awọn ijade ti Iṣeduro Amẹrika Amẹrika ati Awọn Isẹ,” ni Ofin Aṣẹ Aabo ti Orilẹ-ede fun Fiscal Year 2020. Ti a ba gbe e ni ipo aabo, ijabọ yii yoo pọ si titọ ati mu ṣiṣẹ iṣalaye to dara lori inawo Pentagon, ṣe alabapin si awọn ipa to ṣe pataki lati yọkuro awọn inawo ologun ti ko le parun, ati mu imurasilẹ ologun ati aabo aabo orilẹ-ede.

Ni akoko pupọ, akoyawo kekere ti wa nipa awọn ipilẹ ologun ati AMẸRIKA ilu okeere. Lọwọlọwọ awọn iṣiro ologun AMẸRIKA 800 ti a ṣe iṣiro (“awọn aaye mimọ”) ni ita awọn ipinlẹ 50 ati Washington, DC. Wọn tan kaakiri diẹ ninu awọn orilẹ-ede ati agbegbe 80-ni aiṣe-iye nọmba ti awọn orilẹ-ede ti o gbalejo ni akawe si opin Ogun Ogun Tutu. [1]

Iwadi ti han pẹ pipẹ pe awọn ipilẹ oke-okeere jẹ nira paapaa lati paarẹ lẹẹkan. Nigbagbogbo, awọn ipilẹ ni ilu okeere wa ni ṣiṣi nitori bureaucratic inertia nikan.^[2] Awọn oṣiṣẹ ologun ati awọn miiran nigbagbogbo ro pe ti ipilẹ ilẹ okeere ba wa, o gbọdọ jẹ anfani; Ile asofin ijoba ṣoki ipa ologun lati ṣe itupalẹ tabi ṣafihan awọn anfani aabo ti orilẹ-ede ti awọn ipilẹ ni okeere.

Iwa ibajẹ ti “Ọra Leonard” ọgagun Navy, eyiti o jẹ ki mewa ti awọn miliọnu dọla ni awọn idiyele ti o pọ julọ ati ibajẹ kaakiri laarin awọn oṣiṣẹ ọgagun giga, jẹ ọkan ninu ọpọlọpọ awọn apẹẹrẹ ti aini abojuto abojuto alagbada to dara ni okeere. Iwaju ti awọn ologun ni Afirika jẹ omiran: Nigbati awọn ọmọ-ogun mẹrin ku ni ija ni Niger ni ọdun 2017, ọpọlọpọ awọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ Ile-igbimọ kojọ lati gbọ pe o to awọn oṣiṣẹ ologun 1,000 to wa ni orilẹ-ede naa. Biotilẹjẹpe Pentagon ti pẹ pe o ni ipilẹ kan ni Afirika-ni Djibouti-iwadii fihan pe bayi o wa ni ayika awọn fifi sori ẹrọ 40 ti awọn titobi oriṣiriṣi (oṣiṣẹ ologun kan gba awọn fifi sori ẹrọ 46 ni ọdun 2017). [3] O ṣee ṣe ki o wa laarin ẹgbẹ kekere ti o jo ni Ile asofin ijoba ti o mọ pe awọn ọmọ ogun AMẸRIKA ti kopa ninu ija ni o kere ju awọn orilẹ-ede 22 lati ọdun 2001, pẹlu awọn abajade ajalu nigbagbogbo. [4]

Awọn ilana abojuto lọwọlọwọ ko ṣe deede fun Ile asofin ijoba ati gbogbo eniyan lati lo iṣakoso ara ilu to dara lori awọn fifi sori ẹrọ ologun ati awọn iṣẹ ni okeere. Pentagon lododun “Iroyin Ipilẹ Ipilẹ” n pese alaye diẹ nipa nọmba ati iwọn ti awọn aaye ipilẹ ni okeere, sibẹsibẹ, o kuna lati jabo lori ọpọlọpọ awọn fifi sori ẹrọ ti o mọ daradara ni awọn orilẹ-ede kariaye ati nigbagbogbo n pese data ti ko pe tabi ti ko pe. [5] Ọpọlọpọ fura pe Pentagon ko mọ nọmba tootọ ti awọn fifi sori ẹrọ ni ilu okeere.

Sakaani ti olugbeja “Iroyin Ijabọ Iye owo okeere,” ti a fiwe sinu iwe isuna rẹ, pese alaye idiyele ti o lopin nipa awọn fifi sori ẹrọ ni diẹ ninu ṣugbọn kii ṣe gbogbo awọn orilẹ-ede nibiti ologun ti nṣe itọju awọn ipilẹ. Awọn data ijabọ naa ko pe ni igbagbogbo ati nigbagbogbo ko wa fun ọpọlọpọ awọn orilẹ-ede. Fun diẹ sii ju ọdun mẹwa kan, DoD ti ṣe ijabọ awọn idiyele lododun lapapọ ni awọn fifi sori ẹrọ okeokun ti o to $ bilionu 20. Onínọmbà ominira ṣe afihan pe idiyele gangan ti iṣiṣẹ ati mimu awọn ipilẹ ni ilu okeere ju ilọpo meji lọ, o pọ si $ 51 bilionu lododun, pẹlu awọn idiyele lapapọ (pẹlu awọn oṣiṣẹ) ti o to $ bilionu $ 150. [6] Aini apọju lori iru inawo bẹ jẹ iyalẹnu pataki ni fifunni awọn mewa ti awọn bilionu owo dola ti n ṣàn lati awọn ilu ati awọn agbegbe Ile asofin ijoba si awọn ipo ni okeokun ni gbogbo ọdun.

Ti o ba ṣe ni lilo daradara, ijabọ ti a beere nipasẹ Sec. 1079 ti HR 2500 yoo mu ilọsiwaju ti pataki ti iṣiṣẹ awọn ologun ṣiṣẹ ni okeere ati gba laaye Ile asofin ijoba ati gbogbogbo lati ṣe abojuto abojuto alagbada to dara lori Pentagon. A gba o niyanju lati ni pẹlu Sec. 1079 ni FY2020 NDAA. A tun rọ ọ lati ṣe atunyẹwo ede ti atunse lati kọlu awọn ọrọ ni ipin-iwe 1, “ti o wa lori atokọ titun ti o fi opin si.” Fi fun ailagbara ti Ijabọ Ibi-ipilẹ Base, ijabọ ti o nilo yẹ ki o ṣe akosile awọn idiyele ati awọn anfani aabo ti orilẹ-ede ti gbogbo Awọn fifi sori ẹrọ AMẸRIKA si okeokun.

O ṣeun fun gbigbe awọn igbesẹ pataki wọnyi lati mu akoyawo pọ, fipamọ awọn dọla owo-ori, ati ilọsiwaju aabo orilẹ-ede.

tọkàntọkàn,

Ile-iṣẹ Ifilelẹ Agbegbe ati Ipapọ Iṣipọ

Christine Ahn, Women Cross DMZ

Andrew J. Bacevich, Ile-iṣẹ Quincy fun Jiṣẹ Statecraft

Medea Benjamin, Olupilẹṣẹ, Codepink

Phyllis Bennis, Oludari, Project International Internationalism titun, Ile-iṣẹ fun Awọn Ijinlẹ Afihan

Leah Bolger, CDR, US ọgagun (ret), Alakoso World BEYOND War

Noam Chomsky, Ọjọgbọn Ọjọgbọn ti Linguistics, Agnese Nelms Haury Chair, Yunifasiti ti Arizona / Ọjọgbọn Emeritus Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Cynthia Enloe, Ọjọgbọn Iwadi, Ile-ẹkọ Clark

Alliance Afihan Alliance, Inc.

Joseph Gerson, Alakoso, Ipolongo fun Alaafia, Iparun ati Aabo Apọju

David C. Hendrickson, Ile-iwe giga Colorado

Matteu Hoh, Olukọni, Ile-iṣẹ fun Ilana Kariaye

Iṣọkan Guahan fun Alaafia ati Idajọ

Kyle Kajihiro, Alaafia ati Idajọ Hawaiʻi

Gwyn Kirk, Awọn Obirin fun Aabo gidi

MG Dennis Laich, Ologun AMẸRIKA, Ti fẹyìntì

John Lindsay-Poland, Duro Awọn ihamọra AMẸRIKA si Alakoso Iṣilọ Iṣowo Mexico, Iṣiparọ Agbaye; onkọwe, Awọn ọba ni igbo: Itan Farasin ti AMẸRIKA ni Panama

Catherine Lutz, Thomas J. Watson, Jr. Ọjọgbọn Ọjọgbọn ti Anthropology ati Awọn Ẹkọ Kariaye, Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs ati Sakaani ti Anthropology, Yunifasiti Brown

Khury Petersen-Smith, Ile-iṣẹ fun Awọn Ijinlẹ Afihan

Del Spurlock, Igbimọ Gbogbogbo Gbogbogbo ati Akọwe Iranlọwọ ti Ẹgbẹ ọmọ ogun AMẸRIKA fun Agbara ati Ipamọ Iṣura

David Swanson, Oludari Alaṣẹ, World BEYOND War

David Vine, Ojogbon, Ẹka Anthropology, University of America

Stephen Wertheim, Quincy Institute fun Responsible Statecraft ati Saltzman Institute of Ogun ati Awọn Ẹkọ Alafia, Ile-ẹkọ giga Columbia

Colonel Ann Wright, Ọmọ-ogun US ti fẹyìntì ati alabosi ijọba AMẸRIKA tẹlẹ

Opin

[1] David Vine, “Akojọ ti Awọn ipilẹ Ologun AMẸRIKA ni okeere,” 2017, Ile-ẹkọ giga Amẹrika, http://dx.doi.org/10.17606/M6H599; David Ajara, Orile-ede Agbegbe: Bawo ni Awọn Ilogun Amẹrika ti njade ni odi Ipa America ati Agbaye (Agbegbe Ilu, 2015). Awọn otitọ diẹ sii ati awọn isiro nipa awọn ipilẹ AMẸRIKA ni okeere wa ni www.overseasbases.net/fact-sheet.html.Awọn ibeere, alaye diẹ sii: OBRACC2018@gmail.com / www.overseasbases.net.

[2] Ọkan ninu awọn ẹkọ Kongiresonali toje ti awọn ipilẹ AMẸRIKA ati wiwa ni okeokun fihan pe “ni kete ti ipilẹ Amẹrika ti oke-okun ba ti fidi mulẹ, o gba igbesi aye tirẹ…. Awọn iṣẹ apinfunni akọkọ le di igba atijọ, ṣugbọn awọn iṣẹ apinfunni tuntun ni idagbasoke, kii ṣe pẹlu ete lati jẹ ki ohun elo naa nlọ, ṣugbọn nigbagbogbo lati ṣe afikun rẹ ni otitọ. ” Igbimọ Ile-igbimọ Amẹrika, “Awọn adehun Aabo Amẹrika ati Awọn Ifarahan ni Okeokun,” Awọn Gbigbọ niwaju Igbimọ Alagba lori Awọn Adehun Aabo Amẹrika ati Awọn Ifaṣaṣai Ni Ilu okeere ti Igbimọ lori Awọn ibatan Ajeji, Ile-igbimọ Ajọ-din-din-din, Vol. 2, 2417. Iwadi diẹ sii laipe ti ṣe idaniloju wiwa yii. Fun apẹẹrẹ, John Glaser, “Yiyọ kuro lati Awọn ipilẹ Okeokun: Kilode ti Ifiweranṣẹ Ologun ti Iwaju-siwaju Ko wulo, Ti igba atijọ, ati Ewu,” Onínọmbà Afihan 816, Ile-iṣẹ CATO, Oṣu Keje 18, 2017; Chalmers Johnson, Awọn ibanujẹ ti Ottoman: Militarism, Secrecy, ati Opin ti Ominira (Niu Yoki: Ilu nla, 2004); Ajara, Orileede Agbegbe.

[3] Nick Turse, “Ologun AMẸRIKA Sọ pe O Ni‘ Ifẹsẹhin Imọlẹ ’ni Afirika. Awọn Akọṣilẹ iwe wọnyi Nfihan Nẹtiwọọki titobi kan ti Awọn ipilẹ, ” Gbigba wọle, December 1, 2018,https://theintercept.com/2018/12/01/u-s-military-says-it-has-a-light-footprint-in-africa-these-documents-show-a-vast-network-of-bases/; Stephanie Savell ati Awọn iwe Ifitonileti 5W, “Aworan Maahan Ti Ṣafihan Nibo ni Agbaye ni Ologun AMẸRIKA Ṣe Ntako Ipanilaya,” Iwe irohin Smithsonian, Oṣu Kini 2019, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/map-shows-places-world-where-us-military-operates-180970997/; Nick Turse, “Ifẹsẹsẹsẹ-Ogun Amẹrika ni Afirika Asiri Awọn iwe-aṣẹ Ologun AMẸRIKA Fi Ifihan Apọju kan ti Awọn ipilẹ Ologun Amẹrika Kọja Ilẹ yẹn,” TomDispatch.com, Ọjọ Kẹrin 27, 2017, http://www.tomdispatch.com/blog/176272/tomgram%3A_nick_turse%2C_the_u.s._military_moves_deeper_into_africa/.

[4] Afghanistan, Pakistan, Philippines, Somalia, Yemen, Iraq, Libya, Uganda, South Sudan, Burkina Faso, Chad, Niger, Central African Republic, Syria, Kenya, Cameroon, Mali, Mauritania, Nigeria, Democratic Republic ti Congo, Saudi Arabia, ati Tunisia. Wo Savell ati Infographics 5W; Nick Turse ati Sean D. Naylor, “Ti fi han: Awọn Isẹ ti a pe ni Awọn iṣẹ-koodu 36 ti Ologun AMẸRIKA ni Afirika,” Yahoo News, Ọjọ Kẹrin 17, 2019, https://news.yahoo.com/revealed-the-us-militarys-36-codenamed-operations-in-africa-090000841.html.

[5] Nick Turse, “Awọn ipilẹ, Awọn ipilẹ, Nibikibi… Ayafi ninu Iroyin Pentagon,” TomDispatch.com, January 8, 2019, http://www.tomdispatch.com/post/176513/tomgram%3A_nick_turse%2C_one_down%2C_who_knows_how_many_to_go/#more; Ajara, Base Orilẹ-ede, 3-5; Ajara, "Atokọ ti Awọn ipinfunni Ologun AMẸRIKA."

[6] David Vine, Yunifasiti ti Amẹrika, iṣiro ti awọn idiyele ipilẹ fun OBRACC, vine@american.edu, mimu awọn iṣiro ṣiṣẹ ni Ajara, Base Orilẹ-ede, 195-214.