NguLawrence S. Wittner, ngoSeptemba 18, 2017
Ngaba ubuzwe buye bathimba iintliziyo neengqondo zabantu behlabathi?
Ngokuqinisekileyo kubonakala ngathi kuye kwavela njengamandla anamandla kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Ukuvuthela isityholo sokuphakama kwesizwe kunye nentiyo yabantu basemzini, amaqela ezopolitiko kwicala lasekunene baye benza eyona nkqubela inkulu kwezopolitiko ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1930. Emva kwempumelelo eyothusayo yasekunene, ngoJuni ka-2016, ekufumaneni uninzi lwabavoti baseBritane ukuba bavumele iBrexit-ukurhoxa kweBhritane kwi-European Union (EU) ― nkqu namaqela abambeleyo aqala ukwamkela indlela ye-chauvinist. Esebenzisa inkomfa yakhe yeConservative Party ukugaya inkxaso yokushiya i-EU, eBritane Inkulumbuso uTheresa May wabhengeza ngendelelo: "Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba ungummi wehlabathi, ungummi wangaphandle."
Ukuthambekela kobuzwe obunobundlongondlongo kwabonakala ngokukodwa e-United States, apho uDonald Trump-phakathi kweengoma ze- "USA, USA" ezivela kubaxhasi bakhe abanenzondelelo-wathembisa "ukwenza iMelika ibe nkulu kwakhona" ngokwakha udonga lokuvala abantu baseMexico, bathintele ukungena. yamaSilamsi ukuya eUnited States, kunye nokwandisa amandla omkhosi wase-US. Emva koloyiso lwakhe olumangalisayo, UTrump uxelele irali ngoDisemba 2016: “Awukho umhobe wehlabathi. Akukho mali yehlabathi. Akukho satifiketi sobumi behlabathi. Sithembisa ukuthembeka kwiflegi enye kwaye iflegi yiflegi yaseMelika. " Emva kokuchwayita kabuhlungu kwisihlwele, wongeze wathi: “Ukusukela ngoku kuya kuba: IMelika kuqala. Kulungile? EMelika kuqala. Siza kuzibeka phambili.”
Kodwa abo bathanda ilizwe bafumene ukusilela okukhulu ngo-2017. Kunyulo lwangoMatshi eNetherlands, i-xenophobic Party for Freedom, nangona inikwe ithuba lokuphumelela ziingcali zezopolitiko, woyisiwe ngokuvakalayo. Kwenzeka into efanayo eFransi, apho, ngoMeyi, umntu omtsha wezopolitiko, u-Emmanuel Macron, wazisa uMarine Le Pen, umgqatswa weqela lasekunene leSizwe, kunyulo lobumongameli ngevoti ka-2 ukuya ko-1. Emva kwenyanga, ku unyulo lwepalamente, Iqela elitsha likaMacron kunye namahlakani alo aphumelele izihlalo ezingama-350 kwiNdibano yeSizwe enamalungu angama-577, ngelixa iNational Front iphumelele ezisi-9 kuphela. May May, eqinisekile ukuba umgca wakhe omtsha, onzima kwi-Brexit kunye nezahlulo kwi-Labour Party ephikisayo iya kuvelisa inzuzo enkulu kwi-Conservative Party yakhe, ebizwa ngokuba kunyulo olukhawulezayo ngoJuni. Kodwa, ukothuka kwabakhi-mkhanyo, iiTories zaphulukana nezihlalo, kunye nesininzi sabo sepalamente. Ngeli xesha, eUnited States, imigaqo-nkqubo kaTrump yavelisa igagasi elikhulu lokuchasa uluntu, yakhe ukuvunywa komgangatho kuvoto lwezimvo zehla zaya kumanqanaba angazange abonwe ngaphambili kuMongameli omtsha, kwaye waba njalo kwanyanzeleka ukuba akhuphe uSteve Bannon―oyena mntu uphambili kwingcinga yobuzwe kwiphulo lakhe lonyulo nakulawulo lwakhe-esuka kwi-White House.
Nangona izinto ezahlukeneyo zibe negalelo ekoyisweni kobuzwe, iimbono ezixhaphakileyo zamazwe ngamazwe ngokuqinisekileyo zadlala indima. Ngexesha lephulo likaMacron lobumongameli, waphinda wahlasela ubuzwe obunengqondo ephangaleleyo ye-National Front, endaweni yoko wabonisa ukuba uya umbono wamazwe ngamazwe yeYurophu emanyeneyo enemida evulekileyo. EBritani, inkxaso kaMeyi enyanisekileyo yeBrexit ubuyela umva phakathi koluntu, ngakumbi ulutsha olucinga ngamazwe ngamazwe.
Enyanisweni, ukutyhubela iinkulungwane imilinganiselo yokuma komhlaba iye yaba yimpembelelo enamandla kuluntu. Ngokuqhelekileyo zilandelwa Diogenes, isithandi sobulumko saseClassical Greece, esabuza apho wayevela khona, saphendula: “Ndingummi wehlabathi.” Umbono wafumana imali eyandisiweyo kunye nokusasazeka kwengcinga yokuKhanya. UTom Paine, ethathwa njengomnye wabaSeki baseMelika, yathatha umxholo wokunyaniseka kulo lonke uluntu Amalungelo oMntu (1791), evakalisa oku: “Ilizwe lam lihlabathi.” Iimvakalelo ezifanayo zavakaliswa kwiminyaka yamva ngu UWilliam Lloyd Garrison (“Ilizwe lam lihlabathi; abantu bakowethu ngabantu bonke”) Albert Einstein, kunye nenkitha yezinye iingcingane zehlabathi. Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini yazisa inkqubo yelizwe-karhulumente ekupheleni kokuwa, a intshukumo enkulu yentlalo iphuhliswe malunga nombono "weLizwe elinye," kunye namaphulo ehlabathi okuba ngabemi kunye nemibutho yehlabathi yomanyano efumana udumo olukhulu kwihlabathi jikelele. Nangona lo mbutho wehla ekuqaliseni kweMfazwe Yomlomo, ingcamango yawo engundoqo yokuba yeyona nto iphambili kwibutho lehlabathi yazingisa ikwimo yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo namaphulo ehlabathi lonke oxolo, amalungelo abantu nokukhuselwa kwendalo.
Ngenxa yoko, kwananjengoko kuqhambuke isiphithiphithi sobuzwe kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uphando lwezimvo lunike ingxelo yomgangatho oqinileyo wenkxaso yenkcaso yawo: ubumi behlabathi. Ukuvota abantu abangaphezu kwama-20,000 kumazwe ali-18, eqhutywe yi-GlobeScan ye-BBC World Service ukususela ngoDisemba 2015 ukuya ku-Aprili 2016, bafumanisa ukuba i-51 pesenti yabantu abaphendulayo bazibona njengabemi behlabathi kunabemi bamazwe abo. Esi yayisisihlandlo sokuqala ukusukela oko kwaqala ukulandelela ngo-2001 ukuba uninzi luzive ngolu hlobo.
Nase-United States, apho ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha sabaphenduli bazichaza njengabemi behlabathi, iphulo likaTrump lobuzwe-lizwe latsala umdla kuphela. 46 ekhulwini kwiivoti ezivotelwe uMongameli, ngaloo ndlela emnika malunga nezigidi ezithathu zeevoti ezimbalwa kunezo zikhuselwe ngumchasi wakhe weDemokhrasi. Ngaphezu koko, polls phambi nasemva konyulo luveze ukuba uninzi lwabantu baseMelika bachasa eyona nkqubo yaziwa kakhulu nexhaswa kakhulu nguTrump “iMelika yokuqala”-ukwakha udonga lomda phakathi kweMelika neMexico. Xa kufikwa kwimiba yokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe, a Uphando lweYunivesithi yaseQuinnipiac ethathwe ekuqaleni kukaFebruwari 2017 yafumanisa ukuba i-51 ekhulwini yabavoti baseMelika bachasene nomyalelo weTrump olawulayo wokumisa uhambo oluya eUnited States ukusuka kumazwe asixhenxe amaninzi angamaSilamsi, i-60 ekhulwini yayichasa ukumisa zonke iinkqubo zeembacu, kunye neepesenti ze-70 ezichasayo ngokungenasiphelo ukuthintela iimbacu zaseSiriya ukuba zifudukele eUnited States. .
Ngokubanzi, ke, uninzi lwabantu kwihlabathi liphela-kubandakanya uninzi lwabantu base-United States-abangabo ubuzwe abanenzondelelo. Ngapha koko, babonisa inqanaba elimangalisayo lenkxaso yokuhamba ngaphaya kwelizwe ukuya kubumi behlabathi.
UDkt. Lawrence Wittner, edibeneyo PeaceVoice, nguNjingalwazi weMbali ephumayo kwi-SUNY / Albany kunye nomlobi Ukujongana neBhomu (IStanford University Press).
