By Iphulo leMhlaba loLwazi lwezoXolo, Julayi 26, 2020
Ngu-Betty Reardon, Kozue Akibayashi, Asha Hans, kunye noMavic Cabrera Balleza.
Ibanjwe kwaye imodareyitha nguTony Jenkins.
Ishicilelwe: Nge-25 kaJuni, 2020
Ithuba lePhaneli
Ngonyaka wama-2020 kukhunjulwa iindawo ezithile zokuphawuleka kwembali kusapho loluntu luzabalazela ukuba kubekho uxolo oluzinzileyo nolunobulungisa kwiplanethi yethu ekwabelwana ngayo nenobuthathaka. Ngaphezulu kwawo onke la manqaku asisikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-75 yokusekwa kweManyano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo, umbutho wehlabathi apho iiholo zawo zivelise khona kwezopolitiko ezininzi eziye zaveza imicimbi emininzi esiyibhiyozelayo kulo nyaka. Okubaluleke nangakumbi, kokubini kumbutho nakuluntu lwehlabathi ekujongwe ukuba lusebenze, kukuphakama okwangoku kwentshukumo yabemi ukufezekisa iinjongo ezininzi ezenziwa ngamazwe ngamalungu kwisivumelwano sabo Charter UN. Lo nyaka uphawulwe ngakwezobupolitika zoluntu ezihlangeneyo nezihlangeneyo, kulapho elona lithuba lilungileyo kwihlabathi liphile kwaye liphumelele.
Umbutho oManyeneyo weLizwe
Njengabathathi-nxaxheba kwimibutho yoluntu esembindini yemfundo yoxolo, uMkhankaso weHlabathi wezeMfundo woXolo ujonge ukuba ividiyo eposwe apha ukuba ijongwe ngaphakathi kwemeko yemizamo eqhubekayo yabemi behlabathi ukomeleza amandla ombutho wokuphelisa "isibetho semfazwe" kunye "Ukukhuthaza inkqubela phambili kwezentlalo kunye nemigangatho engcono yobomi kwinkululeko enkulu" (Isingeniso kuMqulu weZizwe eziManyeneyo). Ukusukela ekusekweni, imibutho yoluntu ibizama ukuqinisekisa ukumelwa komdla "wabantu beZizwe eziManyeneyo" ababhengeze lo mgaqo. Ukuchonga imiba kunye neengxaki njengoko ziye zabonakala kubomi bemihla ngemihla beendawo abahlala kuzo, imibutho yabantu iyile iingxaki ngokubhekisele kwizoyikiso abazenzileyo kwinkqubela phambili yoluntu nakwinkululeko enkulu. Ngokufundisa nangokweyisela abo babemele amazwe angamalungu, baphembelela izigqibo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo zeekomiti namabhunga e-UN, eyona nto iphambili phakathi kwabo yayihambelana nelungelo labasetyhini lokuthatha inxaxheba kwezopolitiko kunye nenxaxheba yabasetyhini kwezopolitiko zoxolo.
Iindima zePhaneli kwiNzondelelo yoXolo lwaBasetyhini
Le vidiyo, iphaneli yamalungu amane (bona i-bios apha ngezantsi), sisithuba sokuqala kuluhlu lweveki yonke kubantu basetyhini, uxolo kunye nokhuseleko. Olu chungechunge lukhona ekuhambeni kweminyaka engama-75 yeminyaka ye-UN ekufezekiseni “amalungelo alinganayo amadoda nabasetyhini nezizwe ezinkulu nezincinci,” (Intshayelelo) njongo, ngakumbi eyamkelwa ngabasetyhini kunye noko bekuthethwe kubo njenge "Global South," esisiseko soxolo olunobulungisa. Eyona nto kugxilwe kuyo kakhulu kule phaneli ivuliwe Isigqibo seBhunga lezoKhuseleko leZizwe eziManyeneyo esingu-1325 malunga nabafazi, uXolo noKhuseleko njengesixhobo sokuqhubela phambili ukhuseleko lwabantu. Iiphaneli zibeka ugxininiso kwimizamo eyahlukeneyo yoluntu yokuzisa iinjongo zesisombululo ngokubhekisele ekufezekiseni koxolo ngokuxhotyiswa kwabasetyhini kwezopolitiko. Ezi nzame zoluntu zihlala zithotyiwe ngamalungu angamalungu athe amkela ezo zisombululo ngo-Okthobha 30, 2000. Ngelixa amazwe amaninzi amkele iziCwangciso zeSizwe zokuSebenza (ii-NAPs) ukuphumeza isisombululo, bambalwa abaxhaswa ngezimali, kwaye ubukhulu becala, ukubandakanyeka kwabasetyhini ngokupheleleyo kwimicimbi yezokhuseleko kusalele, njengoko kwihlabathi liphela, amantombazana nabafazi bayaqhubeka nokuhlupheka mihla le kusukuzwano lwezixhobo nobundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo.
Ngexesha le-15th Isikhumbuzo se-UNSCR 1325, ebusweni bokuchaswa ngurhulumente, ukuqhubeka nokungabandakanywa kwezopolitiko kwabasetyhini kunye nobungqina bokuqhubeka kwabasetyhini ekulweni, amalungu amabini ephaneli (uHans noReardon) bacebisa ukuyilwa nokuphunyezwa kweziCwangciso zokuSebenza zaBantu kujongwe ukubandakanya amava abantu ababhinqileyo okuswela ukhuseleko lomntu kuyilo lwezindululo abanokuthi bazenze ngokwabo nakukhuseleko loluntu lwabo ngaphandle kokuthatha amanyathelo ngurhulumente. Abathathu beepaneli (u-Akibayashi, uHans, noReardon) nabo bathathe inxaxheba ekwenziweni kwesakhelo sokhuseleko lwabasetyhini ekubhekiswe kuso kwingxoxo. Iphaneli yesine, (uCabrera-Balleza) useke kwaye wakhokela eyona nzame isebenzayo kunye nesebenzayo kwimizamo yoluntu yoluntu yokuxhobisa abantu basetyhini kuyo yonke imicimbi yoxolo nokhuseleko, usiqinisekisa ukumiliselwa kweeNAP.
IPhulo leHlabathi liphela lezeMfundo yoXolo lithembela ukuba iphaneli iya kuvula ukuqwalasela ngakumbi iindlela apho abantu kunye noluntu banokuthi banegalelo kwinjongo yokugqibela yoxolo oluzinzileyo, lufezekisiwe kwaye lugcinwa ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwabasetyhini ngokupheleleyo nangokulinganayo.
Ividiyo njengesixhobo sokufundisa
Kucetyiswa ukuba abafundi abathathe inxaxheba kolu phando bafunde isicatshulwa seBhunga lezoKhuseleko kwiZizwe eziManyeneyo esingu-1325. Ukuba kuqwalaselwa ngakumbi ngesisombululo kuya kuba ngumdla, sicebisa izinto ezikhoyo ezivela Uthungelwano lwehlabathi lwaBasetyhini Abakhi beXolo. Ukuba kwenziwe uphando olubanzi ngakumbi kunokubandakanya ukuphononongwa kwezigqibo ezahlukeneyo ezinxulumene ne-1325.
Ukuchaza uKhuseleko loLuntu
Abafundisi boxolo besebenzisa ividiyo njengomba kwimicimbi enxulumene nabasetyhini, uxolo nokhuseleko banokuqhubela phambili ingxoxo ecacisa ngokukhuthaza abafundi ukuba bazenzele ezabo iinkcazo ngokhuseleko loluntu, bayile izinto eziyimfuneko, kwaye bebonisa indlela ezo zinto zichaphazeleka ngayo kwisini. .
Ukuxhobisa Abasetyhini ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kuXolo noKhuseleko
Inkcazo enjalo kunye nokuphononongwa kwezinto zesini kunokusetyenziswa njengesiseko sengxoxo malunga noko kulindelwe ngabemi bamalungu e-UN ukuba enze umthetho we-1325 nasekuqinisekiseni ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabasetyhini ngokulinganayo. Ukuthatyathwa kwenxaxheba kwabasetyhini kufuneka kungabandakanyi kuphela ukusonjululwa kwempixwano, kodwa ngakumbi kwaye ngakumbi, ukuchaza into ebandakanya "ukhuseleko lwesizwe," ukubuza kubudlelwane bayo kukhuseleko lomntu, nendlela oorhulumente babo abanokuthi bafundiswe ngayo kwaye bachukunyiswe ukuba bathathe amanyathelo okuqinisekisa uluntu ukhuseleko. Olo kuthathelwa ingqalelo kufuneka, kunye nedilesi kubandakanywa nabasetyhini kuko konke ukwenziwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yesizwe neyamazwe jikelele. Zingafezekiswa njani ezi zinto zibalulekileyo zokubandakanywa?
Uyilo lweemodeli NAP
Ngale ngxoxo njengemvelaphi, imodeli inokuthi iyilelwe into yokuba iqela lokufunda liza kuthathela ingqalelo ukuba ziinjongo ezifunekayo kunye nezinto eziyimfuneko kwisiCwangciso sokuSebenza seSizwe esisebenzayo nesifanelekileyo (NAP) ukufezekisa izibonelelo ze-UNSCR 1325 kwilizwe labo. Izindululo zokuphunyezwa kwazo zinokubandakanya iingcebiso zokudluliselwa kwenkcitho yezixhobo ezikhoyo ukuze kuzalisekiswe imimiselo yoyilo lomfundi lweNAP. Bandakanya neengcebiso kwiiarhente zikarhulumente ukuba zihlawuliswe ngokwenza izicwangciso kunye nemibutho yoluntu enokuthi iququzelele ukwenziwa. Uphononongo oluthe kratya lunokubandakanya ukuphononongwa komxholo kunye nenqanaba leeNAP ezikhoyo. (INethiwekhi yeHlabathi yaBakhi boXolo iya kuba luncedo koku.)
Izithethi Bios
UBetty A. Reardon, nguMlawuli oQalayo we-Emeritus yeZiko leZizwe ngezizwe kwiMfundo yoXolo. Waziwa kwihlabathi liphela njengovulindlela kwimiba yesini kunye noxolo kunye nemfundo yoxolo. Ungumbhali we: "Ubundlobongela kunye neNkqubo yeMfazwe" kunye nomhleli-mbhali / umbhali kunye no-Asha Hans "we-Gender Imperative."
"Mavic" uCabrera Balleza ngumseki kunye ne-CEO yeNethiwekhi yeHlabathi yaBakhi boXolo. UMavic uqalise inkqubo yesiCwangciso seSizwe sePhilippines kwiSigqibo seBhunga lezoKhuseleko i-1325 kwaye wasebenza njengomcebisi wamanye amazwe kwiNational Action Plan yaseNepal. Ukwanike nenkxaso yezobuchwephesha kwi-1325 yocwangciso lwamanyathelo esizwe eGuatemala, eJapan naseSouth Sudan. Yena noogxa bakhe baba ngoovulindlela kwi-UNSCR 1325 kunye neNkqubo ye-1820 ethathwa njengomzekelo wokuziqhelanisa kwaye ngoku iyaphunyezwa kumazwe ayi-15.
UAsha Hans, owayesakuba nguNjingalwazi weSayensi yezoPolitiko kunye neziFundo zeSini kwiYunivesithi yase-Utkal e-India. Ukwangumseki-mbumbulu weZiko lokuPhucula iShanta Memorial (SMRC), umbutho ophambili wokuzithandela e-India osebenza ngemicimbi yesini kunye nokukhubazeka kwinqanaba likazwelonke nakwamanye amazwe. Ungumbhali-mbhali kunye nomhleli weencwadi ezimbini zamva nje, "Ukuvulelwa Uxolo: I-UNSCR 1325, Abasetyhini kunye noKhuseleko eIndiya" kunye "Nokunyanzelwa kwesini: uKhuseleko loLuntu ngokuchasene noKhuseleko lweLizwe," awathi walungelelanisa noBetty Reardon.
Kozue Akibayashi ngumphandi woxolo lwabasetyhini, utitshala kunye nomzabalazo ovela eJapan apho anguprofesa kwiSikolo seGraduate seZifundo zeHlabathi kwiDyunivesithi yaseDoshisha eKyoto. Uphando lwakhe lujolise kwimicimbi yobundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo ngumkhosi kwimimandla ephesheya kwezilwandle, umkhosi wezomkhosi kunye nolawulo lwedemokhrasi, kunye nolawulo lobukoloniyali. Wayengu Mongameli we-WILPF wamazwe aphesheya phakathi kuka-2015 no-2018, usebenza kwiKomiti eLawulayo yaBasetyhini be-DMZ, kwaye ungumququzeleli welizwe laseJapan kwiNethiwekhi yaBasetyhini yaMazwe ngaMazwe yokuLwa neMilitarism.
UTony Jenkins PhD Okwangoku ungumhlohli osisigxina kwizifundo zobulungisa noxolo kwiYunivesithi yaseGeorgetown. Ukususela ngo-2001 ebesebenza njengoMlawuli oLawulayo we I-International Institute on Education Peace (IIPE) Ukusukela ngo-2007 njengoMnxibelelanisi wePhulo leGlobal for Education Peace (GCPE). Ngokobuhlanga, ebengu: Mlawuli wezeMfundo, World BEYOND War (2016-2019); UMlawuli, i-Initiative Education Initiative kwiYunivesithi yaseToledo (2014-16); USekela-Mongameli weMicimbi yezezifundo, kwiZiko loXolo lweLizwe (ngo-2009 ukuya ku-2014); noMlawuli-weZiko, iZiko leMfundo loXolo, iYunivesithi yaseColumbia University (ngo-2001 ukuya ku -2010).
