NguVijay Prashad, I-Tricontinental, NgoMeyi 9, 2022
Bahlobo abathandekayo,
Imibuliso evela kwidesika ye I-Tricontinental: Iziko loPhando lwezeNtlalo.
Iingxelo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zikhutshwe kwinyanga ephelileyo, zingafumani uhlobo lokuqwalaselwa olufanele. Ngomhla we-4 kuTshazimpuzi, iQela eliSebenzayo le-III leeNguqulelo zeMozulu umbiko yapapashwa, ivuselela intsabelo emandla kuNobhala-Jikelele weZizwe eziManyeneyo uAntónio Guterres. Ingxelo, yena wathi, 'luluhlu lwezithembiso zemozulu ezaphukileyo. Yifayile yehlazo, edwelisa izithembiso ezingenanto ezisibeka ngokuqinileyo kwindlela eya kwihlabathi elingaphiliyo'. Kwi-COP26, amazwe aphuhlileyo ba thembisa ukuchitha i-100 leebhiliyoni zeedola ukuze i-Adaptation Fund incede amazwe asakhulayo aqhelane nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ngeli xesha, ngomhla wama-25 kuTshazimpuzi, iStockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) ikhuphe unyaka wayo umbiko, ukufumanisa ukuba inkcitho yomkhosi wehlabathi idlule i-2 yeetriliyoni zeedola ngo-2021, okokuqala ngqa igqithise i-2 yetriliyoni yamanqaku. Abona bantu bachitha imali enkulu abahlanu – iUnited States, iTshayina, iIndiya, iUnited Kingdom, neRashiya – babalelwa kuma-62 ekhulwini kule mali; iUnited States, iyodwa, ixabisa ama-40 ekhulwini ayo yonke inkcitho yezixhobo.
Kukho ukutyhutyha imali engapheliyo yezixhobo kodwa ingaphantsi komlinganiselo wokuthintela intlekele yesijikelezi-langa.
Elo gama elithi 'intlekele' asikokubaxa izinto. UNobhala Jikelele we-UN u-Guterres ulumkise ngelithi 'sikwindlela ekhawulezayo yokuya kwintlekele yemozulu… Lixesha lokuba siyeke ukutshisa iplanethi yethu'. La magama asekelwe kwiinyani ezikwingxelo yeQela eliSebenzayo le-III. Ngoku kumiselwe ngokuqinileyo kwirekhodi yezenzululwazi ukuba uxanduva lwembali yomonakalo owenziwe kwindawo yethu kunye nemozulu yethu ixhomekeke kumazwe anamandla, akhokelwa yi-United States. Kukho ingxoxo encinci malunga nolu xanduva kwixesha elidlulileyo, isiphumo semfazwe ekhohlakeleyo echasene nendalo eyenziwa ngamandla ongxowankulu kunye nobukoloniyali.
Kodwa olu xanduva lukwadlulela nakwixesha lethu. Ngomhla woku-1 kuTshazimpuzi, kwaqhutywa isifundo esitsha ishicilelwe in Impilo yePlanethi yeLancet ebonisa ukuba ukusuka kwi-1970 ukuya kwi-2017 'izizwe ezinengeniso ephezulu zinoxanduva lwe-74 yepesenti yokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezingaphezulu kwehlabathi, eqhutywa ngokuyinhloko yi-USA (ipesenti ze-27) kunye ne-EU-28 amazwe anengeniso ephezulu (i-25 ekhulwini)'. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezigqithisileyo kumazwe akuMntla weAtlantiki kungenxa yokusetyenziswa kwemithombo ye-abiotic (amafutha efosili, isinyithi, kunye neeminerali ezingezizo ezentsimbi). I-China inoxanduva lwe-15 yepesenti yokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezingaphezulu kwehlabathi kwaye yonke i-Global South inoxanduva lwe-8 ekhulwini kuphela. Ukusetyenziswa okugqithisileyo kula mazwe anengeniso ephantsi kuqhutywa ikakhulu kusetyenziswa izibonelelo zebhayotiki (biomass). Lo mahluko phakathi kwemithombo ye-abiotic kunye ne-biotic usibonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo yobutyebi engaphezulu kwe-Global South kuyahlaziyeka ubukhulu becala, ngelixa elo lamazwe akuMntla we-Atlantiki lingenakuhlaziywa.
Ungenelelo olunjalo bekufanele ukuba lube kumaphepha angaphambili amaphephandaba ehlabathi, ngakumbi kwi-Global South, kwaye iziphumo zalo zaxoxwa ngokubanzi kumajelo kamabonakude. Kodwa kwakukhe kwaphawulwa kancinci. Ibonisa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba amazwe anengeniso ephezulu yaseNyakatho yeAtlantiki ayonakalisa iplanethi, ukuba kufuneka batshintshe iindlela zabo, kwaye kufuneka bahlawule kwiimali ezahlukeneyo zokulungelelanisa kunye nokunciphisa ukuncedisa amazwe angayidali ingxaki kodwa loo nto. bakhathazwa yimpembelelo yayo.
Bakuba bebonise iinkcukacha, abaphengululi ababhale eli phepha baqaphela ukuba 'amazwe anengeniso ephezulu anoxanduva olukhulu lokuwohloka kwemekobume yehlabathi, kwaye ke ngoko atyala i-ikholoji kwihlabathi liphela. Ezi zizwe kufuneka zikhokele ekwenzeni unciphiso olumandla ekusetyenzisweni kwazo kobutyebi ukunqanda ukuwohloka ngakumbi, okuya kufuna inguqu emva kokukhula kunye neendlela zokunciphisa uqoqosho'. Ezi ziingcinga ezinika umdla: 'unciphiso olukhulu ekusetyenzisweni kobutyebi' kunye 'neendlela zasemva kokukhula kunye nokuncipha'.
Amazwe akuMntla weAtlantiki - akhokelwa yi-United States - angawona achitha imali eninzi kwintlalontle yezixhobo. IPentagon - imikhosi exhobileyo yase-US - 'isele ingawona basebenzisi baninzi beoyile', uthi uphononongo lweYunivesithi yaseBrown, 'kwaye ngenxa yoko, yenye yezona ndawo ziphezulu zokukhupha igesi yegreenhouse'. Ukuze iUnited States namahlakani ayo atyikitye iSivumelwano saseKyoto ngowe-1997, amazwe angamalungu eZizwe Ezimanyeneyo kwafuneka kuvumela Ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse ngumkhosi makukhutshelwe ngaphandle kwingxelo yesizwe ekhutshwayo.
Ubukrwada bale miba bunokubekwa ngokucacileyo ngokuthelekisa amaxabiso amabini emali. Okokuqala, ngo-2019, iZizwe eziManyeneyo kubalwa ukuba umsantsa wenkxaso-mali wonyaka wokufezekisa iiNjongo zoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo (SDGs) ufikelele kwi-2.5 yeetriliyoni zeedola. Ukuguqula i-2 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zonyaka kwinkcitho yasemkhosini kwihlabathi jikelele kwii-SDGs kuya kuhamba umgama omde ekujonganeni nohlaselo olukhulu lwesidima somntu: indlala, ukungakwazi ukufunda nokubhala, ukungabi nandlu, ukungabikho kokhathalelo lwezonyango, njalo njalo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela apha, ukuba i-2 yezigidigidi zeedola ezivela kwi-SIPRI ayibandakanyi inkcitho yobomi bobutyebi bentlalontle enikwe abavelisi bezixhobo zabucala kwiinkqubo zezixhobo. Umzekelo, inkqubo yezixhobo ze-Lockheed Martin F-35 iqikelelwa ukuba indleko phantse i-2 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi.
Ngo-2021, umhlaba uchithe ngaphezulu kwe-2 yeebhiliyoni zeedola emfazweni, kodwa kuphela sinikezwe - kwaye oku kubalwa kwesisa - i-750 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kumandla acocekileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla. Iyonke utyalo-mali kwiziseko zamandla ngo-2021 yayiyi-1.9 yezigidi zezigidi zeedola, kodwa isixa sotyalo-mali saya kumafutha efosili (i-oyile, igesi yendalo, namalahle). Ke, utyalo-mali kumafutha efosili luyaqhubeka kwaye utyalo-mali kwizixhobo luyanyuka, ngelixa utyalo-mali oluya kwiindlela ezintsha zamandla acocekileyo luhlala lungonelanga.
Nge-28 ka-Epreli, uMongameli waseMelika uJoe Biden Xa ebuzwa i-US Congress ibonelele nge-33 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi kwiinkqubo zezixhobo eziza kuthunyelwa eUkraine. Ukumenywa kwezi mali kuza kunye neengxelo ezivuthayo ezenziwe nguNobhala wezoKhuselo wase-US uLloyd Austin, owathi wathi ukuba i-US ayizami ukususa imikhosi yaseRashiya e-Ukraine kodwa 'ukubona iRashiya ibuthathaka'. Amagqabaza kaAustin akufuneki othuse. Ifana ne-US inkqubo ukusukela ngo-2018, eye yanqanda i-China kunye neRussia ukusuka ukuba 'abalingane abasondelene nabo'. Amalungelo oluntu asingowoxhalaba; Ugxininiso luthintela nawuphi na umngeni kwi-US hegemony. Ngeso sizathu, ubutyebi boluntu buchithwa kwizixhobo kwaye abusetyenziselwa ukulungisa iingxaki zoluntu.
Cinga ngendlela iUnited States eye yasabela ngayo kwi ukujongana phakathi kweSolomon Islands neTshayina, abamelwane ababini. Inkulumbuso yaseSolomon Islands uManase Sogavare wathi ukuba esi sivumelwano sifuna ukukhuthaza urhwebo kunye nentsebenziswano yobuntu, hayi ukulwa kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki. Kwangolo suku lunye lwentetho yeNkulumbuso uSogavare, igqiza laseMelika elikwinqanaba eliphezulu lafika kwikomkhulu lesizwe iHoniara. Bona xelelwe Inkulumbuso uSogavare ukuba ukuba amaTshayina aseka naluphi na uhlobo 'lokufakwa komkhosi', iUnited States iya 'kuba neenkxalabo ezibalulekileyo kwaye iphendule ngokufanelekileyo'. Ezi yayizizoyikiso ezicacileyo. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva, isithethi soMphathiswa Wezangaphandle waseTshayina uWang Wenbin wathi, 'Amazwe eZiqithi kuMazantsi ePasifiki azimele kunye namazwe azimeleyo, hayi ngasemva kwe-US okanye iOstreliya. Iinzame zabo zokuvuselela iMfundiso yeMonroe kummandla waseMzantsi Pacific aziyi kufumana nkxaso kwaye zingakhokelela ndawo'.
IiSolomon Islands zinenkumbulo ende yembali yobukoloniyali baseOstreliya neBritani kunye namanxeba ovavanyo lwebhombu yeathom. Umkhwa ‘wokuqweqwedisa’ lwaqweqwedisa amawakawaka abemi beSiqithi saseSolomon ukuze baye kulima amasimi eswekile eQueensland, eOstreliya ngenkulungwane ye-19, ekugqibeleni kwakhokelela kwimvukelo yeKwaio ngowe-1927 eMalaita. IiSolomon Islands ziye zalwa ngamandla ngokuchasene nomkhosi, yokuvota ngo-2016 kunye nehlabathi ukuthintela izixhobo zenyukliya. Umnqweno wokuba 'ngasemva kwendlu' yase-United States okanye e-Australia ayikho. Oko kwacaca kumbongo oqaqambileyo othi 'Iimpawu Zoxolo' (1974) ngumbhali weeSolomon Islands uCelestine Kulagoe:
Ikhowa liyantshula
isiqithi sasepacific esomileyo
Ichithakele esithubeni
Kushiya kuphela intsalela yamandla
ekuya kuba bubudenge
uxolo nonqabiseko
indoda ibambelela.
Ekuzoleni kwakusasa
ngosuku lwesithathu emva
uthando lwafumana uvuyo
engcwabeni elingenanto
umnqamlezo womthi wehlazo
iguqulwe ibe ngumfuziselo
yenkonzo yothando
uxolo.
Ebudeni bobushushu basemva kwemini kuzolile
iflegi ye-UN iyaphaphazela
ifihlwe emehlweni nge
iibhanile zelizwe
Ngaphantsi kwayo
hlala amadoda anqindiweyo ngamanqindi
ukutyikitya uxolo
izivumelwano.
Ngokufudumele,
Vijay
