NguDavid Swanson
Umbuzo nje wejografi. Okanye luhlobo olwahlukileyo lombuzo.
Yenza uphendlo lwewebhu lwe "USS Mason" kwaye uya kufumana "iindaba" ezingenakubalwa malunga nendlela le nqanawa yase-US ingenatyala idutyulwe ngayo, kwaye yadutyulwa kwakhona, kunye nendlela eye yabuyisela ngayo "imilinganiselo" yokuzikhusela.
Kodwa ungakhubeka inqaku elinye ukusuka kwi-CNN (musa ukubukela ividiyo elahlekisayo ngokupheleleyo ethunyelwe ngaphezulu kwesicatshulwa) esithi:
"Amagosa angoMgqibelo ebusuku ebengaqinisekanga malunga nokuba kwenzeke ntoni kanye kanye, ukuba bekukho imijukujelwa emininzi engenayo okanye kukho ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwenkqubo yokukhangela irada kumtshabalalisi."
Ke, ngaba umtshabalalisi omsulwa udutyulwe okanye akunjalo?
Ingongoma elula kodwa ebonakala ingenakwenzeka ukuba uyiqonde kukuba akunamsebenzi. I-United States yaphazamisa iYemen ngesibetho esikhulu sokubulala esibizwa ngokuba "yimfazwe yedrone." I-United States ixhobile i-Saudi Arabia ukuba ibhobhoze iYemen ngeejethi, inike iijethi, ibonelele ngeebhombu (kunye neebhombu zeqela), ifake i-jets midair, inike ulwazi olujoliswe kuyo, inike i-cover kwiZizwe eziManyeneyo, kwaye yathumela iinqanawa zayo elunxwemeni. yeYemen njengenxalenye yomzamo wayo wokufezekisa amandla ase-US/Saudi eYemen ngokubulala abantu abaninzi kunye nokutshatyalaliswa. Ukuba elinye iqela okanye elinye okanye akukho mntu eYemen udubule iinqanawa ezingenabungozi kwinqanawa yase-US isiphumo siyafana: akukho sizathu somthetho okanye sokuziphatha okanye esisebenzayo sokuqhubeka okanye ukwandisa ukubulawa, kwaye akukho ngqiqweni yokubiza ukunyuka okunjalo “kukuzikhusela.”
Ngokunjalo, intelekelelo - kubandakanywa nevidiyo ye-CNN efakwe ngentla nje kwenqaku layo - ukuba i-Iran yayisemva kohlaselo olunokuba yintsomi kwinqanawa yase-US ayinamsebenzi. Izigqibo ezinokufikelelwa ziyafana nokuba iithiyori ezingenasiseko nezinqwenelekayo ziyinyani na.
Le ngongoma yokusetyenziswa kwam kwimizekelo yeziganeko ezidlulileyo ezifanayo (ezingezizo) ezifana neGulf of Tonkin Non-Incident kwincwadi yam. Imfazwe Lixoki. Inqaku alikho kuba umkhosi wase-US uxoke malunga neTonkin kunokwenzeka ukuba uxoke kwakhona kwixesha elizayo (nangona sisigqibo esifanelekileyo eso). Ingongoma eneneni yahluke ngokupheleleyo. Inqaku lelokuba xa ubeka iinqanawa zase-US kunxweme lwaseVietnam kwaye uzisebenzise ekutshayeleni eVietnam, umbuzo wokuba ngaba nabani na owakhe wabuyela umva ayingombuzo wobundlobongela obuchasene ne-United States yaseMelika.
Masikhumbule oko (akuzange kwenzeke) ngo-Agasti 4, 1964. Iinqanawa zemfazwe zase-US zazikunxweme lwaseNyakatho yeVietnam kwaye zibandakanyeka kwizenzo zomkhosi ngokuchasene noMntla weVietnam. Ngoko uMongameli uLyndon Johnson wayesazi ukuba wayexoka xa wayebanga ukuba i-4 ka-Agasti (engekho) -uhlaselo lwalungaqhutywa. Kwaye nawuphi na umntu oqhelekileyo wayenokwazi ukuba uyaxoka ngaphandle kokulinda nakuphi na ukuvuza okuhleliweyo. Omnye kwakufuneka ajonge ukuze abone ukuba loluphi na unxweme lwaseUnited States iGophe laseTonkin elikulo. (Kunye noLwandle oluBomvu.)
Ukuba i-Gulf of Tonkin Isehlo yenzekile, ayinakuba ingavuswa. Inqanawa enye ekucingelwa ukuba yahlaselwa ngo-Agasti 4 yonakalise izikhephe ezintathu zaseNyakatho yeVietnam kwaye yabulala oomatiloshe abane baseNyakatho yeVietnam kwiintsuku ezimbini ezidlulileyo, kwisenzo apho ubungqina bubonisa ukuba i-United States yagxothwa kuqala, nangona bekufunwa ngokuchaseneyo. Ngapha koko, kwiintsuku zokusebenza ezahlukileyo ngaphambili, iUnited States yayisele iqalisile ukuhlasela ilizwe laseMntla Vietnam.
Kodwa uhlaselo ebekucingelwa ukuba luhlaselwe nge-4 ka-Agasti eneneni, ubukhulu becala, yayikukufunda gwenxa kwesonr yase-US. Umphathi wenqanawa wafowunela iPentagon ebanga ukuba iyahlaselwa, emva koko watsalela umnxeba esithi inkolelo yakhe yangaphambili yayithandabuza kwaye akukho nqanawa yaseNyakatho yeVietnam inokuqinisekiswa kule ndawo. UMongameli uJohnson wayengaqinisekanga ukuba kukho naluphi na uhlaselo xa waxelela uluntu lwaseMelika ukuba lubekho. Kwiinyanga kamva wavuma ngasese wathi: “Eyona nto ndiyaziyo, umkhosi wethu waselwandle wawudubula nje iminenga phaya phandle.” Kodwa ngelo xesha uJohnson wayenegunya kwiCongress ngemfazwe awayeyifuna. Apho ukufana kwehla, ewe, njengoko uMongameli uBarack Constitutional Scholar Obama engenakukhathazeka ngezigunyaziso zeCongressional. Ukanti usafuna inqanaba elithile lonyamezelo loluntu.
Kwi-documentary ka-2003 ebizwa Inkungu yeMfazwe, URobert McNamara, owayenguNobhala we "Defense" ngexesha lobuxoki beTonkin, wavuma ukuba ukuhlaselwa kwe-4 ka-Agasti akuzange kwenzeke kwaye kwakukho amathandabuzo amakhulu ngelo xesha. Akazange akhankanye ukuba ngo-Agasti 6 uye wanikela ubungqina kwiseshoni edibeneyo evaliweyo ye-Senate Foreign Relations kunye neeKomiti zeeNkonzo ezixhobileyo kunye noGen. Earl Wheeler. Phambi kweekomiti ezimbini, omabini la madoda atsho ngokuqiniseka ngokupheleleyo ukuba iNorth Vietnamese yahlasela nge-4 ka-Agasti.
Kwakhona uMcNamara akazange akhankanye ukuba emva kweentsuku nje emva kwe-Tonkin Gulf engeyiyo isiganeko, wayecele iiNtloko zaBasebenzi eziManyeneyo ukuba zimnike uluhlu lwezenzo ezingaphezulu zase-US ezinokucaphukisa iNorth Vietnam. Walufumana olu luhlu waza wathethelela ezo zixhokoxholo kwiintlanganiso ngaphambi kokuba uJohnson awise umthetho wezenzo ezinjalo ngoSeptemba 10. Ezi zenzo zazibandakanya ukuqalisa kwakhona iipatroli zenqanawa kunye nokwandisa imisebenzi efihlakeleyo, kwaye ngo-Oktobha wayalela ukuba kuqhushumbe inqanawa ukuya elunxwemeni kwiziza zeradar (kanye ukuba yintoni na I-US yenza nje eYemen).
Ingxelo ye-2000-2001 ye-Arhente yeSizwe yoKhuseleko (i-NSA) yagqiba ukuba akukho kuhlaselwa kweTonkin ngo-Agasti 4 kwaye i-NSA yayixoke ngamabomu. Ulawulo lukaBush aluzange luvumele ingxelo ukuba ipapashwe kude kube yi-2005, ngenxa yenkxalabo yokuba inokuphazamisa ubuxoki obuxelelwa ukuba kuqalise iimfazwe zase-Afghanistan nase-Iraq.
Ngo-Matshi 8, 1999, Newsweek yayipapashe oyena buxoki buphambili: “IMerika ayizange iqalise imfazwe kule nkulungwane.” Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo iQela likaBush licinge ukuba kungcono ukushiya oko kuzenzisa kungaphazanyiswa.
Xa iUnited States yaxokwa ngokunzulu ngakumbi kwiMfazwe yaseVietnam, bonke ngaphandle kwababini basenethi bavotela isisombululo seGulf of Tonkin. Omnye waba babini, uWayne Morse (D-OR), uxelele ezinye iisenenja ukuba uxelelwe yiPentagon ukuba uhlaselo olutyholwa yiNorth Vietnamese lucatshukiswe. Ngokucacileyo naluphi na uhlaselo lwaluza kuxhokonxa. Kodwa uhlaselo ngokwalo lwaluyintsomi, kwaye yile nto abantu babonakala bebambelele kuyo, bephoswa ukuqonda okubaluleke ngakumbi ukuba akunamsebenzi.
Oogxa bakaSenator Morse abazange bamchase ngenxa yokuba wayeyiphutha, nangona kunjalo. Kunoko, ilungu leNdlu yeeNgwevu lathi kuye, “Heyi, Wayne, awunakuqubisana nomongameli xa zonke iiflegi ziwangawangisa yaye sele siza kuya kwindibano yesizwe. Konke [uMongameli] uLyndon [uJohnson] akufunayo sisiqwengana sephepha esimxelela ukuba senze kanye phaya, kwaye siyamxhasa.”
Isihogo, Swanson, awukwazi ukuphakamisa izikhalazo malunga nokuvuthela abantu eYemen xa abangcatshi besilela ukuma ngexesha loMhobe weSizwe kwaye uHillary Clinton wathatha iimali ezinkulu eSaudi Arabia kunye neBoeing kwisiseko sakhe sosapho ukuze afumane ezo jets apho kwaye iiDemokhrasi zikhona. ezama ukupeyinta uDonald Trump njenge-dovish kakhulu.
