Isizathu sokuba sidinga ukuCacisa ngo-2020

NguDavid Swanson, uMlawuli oLawulayo World BEYOND War, UJanuwari 15, 2020

UMzantsi Korea awukwazi ukukhetha ukwenza uxolo kunye neNyakatho Korea ngaphandle kwemvume yamazwe angaphandle egcina amashumi amathathu amawaka amajoni eMzantsi Korea, wenza ukuba uMzantsi Korea ahlawule iindleko zezezindlu, uyalela umkhosi wase-Korea yase-Korea emfazweni, ubambe igunya le-veto IZizwe eziManyeneyo, kwaye aziphenduli kwiNkundla yamatyala oLwaphulo-mthetho yeZizwe eziManyeneyo okanye kwiNkundla yezoBulungisa yeHlabathi.

Amandla afanayo angaphandle anemikhosi phantse kuzo zonke izizwe ezisemhlabeni, iziseko ezibalulekileyo malunga nesiqingatha seentlanga emhlabeni, kwaye umhlaba ngokwawo wahlulahlulwe waba yimimandla yokuyalela ulawulo nolawulo. Ilawula indawo yangaphandle yeenjongo zomkhosi, kunye nemali yehlabathi ngenjongo yokukhupha ubutyebi kwiindawo ezinamazinga aphezulu entlupheko. Yakha iziseko apho ifuna khona, kwaye ifake izixhobo apho ifuna khona-kubandakanya ukubeka ngokungekho semthethweni izixhobo zenyukliya kumazwe awahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yoko, wophula imithetho xa ufuna indawo nalapho ufuna khona.

Izizwe ekuthiwa zingathathi hlangothi njengeIreland, nangona kunjalo, vumela umkhosi wase-US ukuba usebenzise izikhululo zeenqwelo moya, kwaye -ngolo hlobo-vumela amapolisa ase-US ukuba akhangele wonke umntu kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya saseDublin ngaphambi kokuba aye eUnited States. Izinto ezininzi zinokubuzwa kwaye zigwetywe kwimithombo yeendaba yaseIreland, kodwa hayi umkhosi wase-US kunye nokusetyenziswa kweIreland. Eminye imibutho efanelekileyo, enjengezo zilawula iibhodi ezikufutshane nesikhululo seenqwelomoya iShannon, eneneni zisekwe eUnited States.

Ubunyani beli xesha liyinxalenye engenamthungo yembali kwiindawo zangaphambili ekufuneka sisebenzise igama elithi "ikholoniyali." Ngaphambi "kokuzinza" eUnited States, abanye babaphambukeli bokuqala ngaphambili "bahlala" eIreland, apho iBritane yayihlawule imivuzo yeentloko zaseIreland kunye namalungu omzimba, kanye njengoko babeza kwenza kamva kwi-Native American scalps. I-United States iminyaka emininzi ifuna abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe abanokuthi "bahlale" kumhlaba womthonyama. I-genocide eMntla Melika yayiyinxalenye yenkcubeko yase-US ukusuka ngaphambi kwe-United States ukuya kwi-1890s. AmaColonists alwa imfazwe, esazukisa kakhulu, apho amaFrentshi oyisa amaBritane, kodwa apho iikholoniyali zingayekanga ukuba ngabakholoniyali. Endaweni yoko, bafumana ithuba lokuhlasela izizwe ngasentshona.

I-United States ayichithanga xesha ekuhlaseleni iCanada ukuya emantla, iSpain ukuya emazantsi, izizwe ngaphesheya kwesibhakabhaka, kwaye ekugqibeleni neMexico. Ukudinwa komhlaba waseNyakatho Melika kwatshintsha ikoloni yase-US, kodwa kwakunzima ukuyithoba. Ukolonwaba ukuya eCuba, ePuerto Rico, eGuam, eHawaii, eAlaska, kwiiPhilippines, eLatin America, nakwezinye indawo ezikude. "Ilizwe laseIndiya," ngolwimi lomkhosi wase-US namhlanje, libhekisa kumazwe akude ukuba ahlaselwe zininzi zezixhobo ezibizelwe izizwe zamazwe aseMelika aseMelika.

Ukuthintelwa kukoyisa emkhosini nako kuyitshintshe ikoloniyali yase-US, kodwa okunene bayichitha kunokuba bayinyanzele. I-Kellogg-Briand Pact ye-1928 yaphela isenzo sokuphatha uloyiso lwommandla njengesemthethweni. Oku kwakuthetha ukuba izizwe ezikolonakeleyo zinokuqhawuka zingahlulwa ngoko nangoko ngumhlaseli owahlukileyo. Isakhiwo seNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo senziwe kunye nezihlalo ezingama-20 ezongezelelweyo ngaphaya kwe-51 yezizwe ezikhoyo. Ngexesha eyakhiwa ngalo, bekukho izizwe ezingama-75, nge-1960 ibingama-107. Inani lilonke ldubule laya phezulu laya kufikelela kwangoko kwangama-200 kwaye ligcwalisa izihlalo ebezenzelwe abantu.

Iintlanga zazimela ngokusesikweni, kodwa azange ziyayeke ukuba ngukumkani. Uloyiso lwommandla lwalusavunyelwe kwiimeko ezithile ezikhethekileyo, ezinje nge-Israeli, ngakumbi iziseko zomkhosi zase-US, ezaziza kubakho ngaphakathi kwamazwe ekuthiwa azimeleyo.

Ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi II i-US Navy yathatha isiqithi esincinane saseHawaii saseKho'alawe ngenxa yokuhlola izixhobo kwaye yalela abemi bayo ukuba bahambe. Esi siqithi siye sahlala laliswa. Ngo-1942, umkhosi wase-US wabafudusa eAleutian Islanders. Ezo zenzo azange ziphele ngo-1928 okanye ngo-1945 iUnited States, njengabanye abaninzi. Umongameli Harry Truman wenza umbono wakhe wokuba abemi bomthonyama abangama-170 baseBikini Atoll babengenalungelo lakufika kwisiqithi ngonyaka we-1946. Wabakhupha ngoFebruwari nango-Matshi wowe-1946, baza baphosa indawo njengezinye iimbacu kwezinye iziqithi ngaphandle kwendlela yokuxhasa okanye indawo yentlalo. endaweni. Kule minyaka izayo, i-United States ibisusa abantu abayi-147 kwi-Enewetak Atoll nabo bonke abantu abakwiLib Island. Uvavanyo lwebhombu yeatom kunye ne-hydrogen e-US yahambisa iziqithi ezininzi ezihlala abantu nezinabantu abaninzi abangazinzanga, ekhokelela ekugxothweni. Ukuza kuthi ga ngeminyaka yo-1960, umkhosi wase-US wagxotha amakhulu abantu abavela Kwajalein Atoll. I-ghetto ephezulu enabantu abaninzi yenziwa e-Ebeye.

On Vieques, ukusuka ePuerto Rico, i-US Navy yashiya amawaka abantu abemi phakathi kwe1941 kunye ne-1947, yazisa iiplani zokuxosha i-8,000 eseleyo kwi-1961, kodwa yaphoqeleka ukuba iphinde ihambe nayo-kwi-2003 - ukuyeka ukuqhuma ibhomu kwisiqithi. KwiCulebra eseduze, uMbutho weNavy uthumele amawaka phakathi kwe-1948 kunye no-1950 kwaye uzama ukususa abo basele bahlala kwi-1970. Umlambo ulungile ngoku ukhangele kwisiqithi Iintlanga njengokuba kunokwenzeka ukutshintshwa kwe-Vieques, uluntu olususususwe lukhutshwe yi-volcanic eruption. Ngokuqinisekileyo, nayiphi na indlela yokubuyela kuyo iya kuncipha kakhulu.

Ukuqala ngexesha leMfazwe yehlabathi yesibili kodwa ukuqhubela phambili kwi-1950s, umkhosi waseMelika washiya i-Okinawans isigidi sesigidi, okanye isiqingatha sabantu, bevela ezweni labo, ukuphoqelela abantu kwiinkampu zababaleki kunye nokuthumela amawaka kubo eBolivia-apho kwakukho umhlaba kunye nemali kodwa ayizange ihanjiswe.

Ngo-1953, i-United States yenza isivumelwano kunye neDenmark ukuba isuse abantu abayi-150 base-Inughuit eThule, eGreenland, ibanike iintsuku ezine ukuba baphume okanye bajongane ne-bulldozers. Babaliwe ilungelo lokubuya. Abantu bayakhubeka xa uDonald Trump ecenga ukuba athenge iGreenland, kodwa uninzi alunanzondo kubukho bemikhosi yaseMelika apho kunye nembali yendlela efike ngayo apho.

Phakathi konyaka we-1968 nowe-1973, i-United States kunye ne-Great Britain bagxotha bonke abahlali base-Diego Garcia abayi-1,500 ukuya kwi-2,000 XNUMX, bejikeleza abantu bebanyanzela kwizikhephe ngelixa bebulala izinja zabo kwigumbi lerhasi kunye nokuthimba umhlaba wabo wonke ukuze kusetyenziswe e-US. emkhosini.

Urhulumente wase-South Korea, owakhupha abantu kwindawo eyandayo yase-US kwilizwekazi ngo-2006, kwi-US Navy, kule minyaka idlulileyo wayitshabalalisa ilali, unxweme lwayo, kunye ne-130 leehektare yomhlaba weJeju Island ukuze abonelele. IUnited States yenye indawo enkulu yasemkhosini.

Phantse zonke iziseko ezitsha, e-Itali okanye eNiger okanye naphina kwenye indawo, zibaleka abantu, nangona behleli phakathi kwesizwe. Kwaye zonke iziseko ezitsha zigxotha ubukhosi, inkululeko kunye nolawulo lomthetho. Izikumkani zePersian Gulf ziyamelana nentando yesininzi ngoncedo lweziseko zase-US, kodwa zinikezela ukuzimela kwinkqubo kunye negalelo kwisimo seMelika njengesizwe ngaphezulu komgaqo wolawulo. Kwangelo xesha, iziseko zaseMelika zisekela ubutshaba eUnited States nakurhulumente wengingqi.

Iziseko zase-US zenzelwe ukuba zisisigxina, kwaye ke kubonakala ukuba zezinye zeemfazwe abazibandakanyeyo. Imithombo yeendaba yase-US ibhala malunga "nokuchasa" kukaTrump kwiimfazwe ezingapheliyo, nokuba sele kugxibha ngokupheleleyo nayiphi na into enokuphelisa nayiphi na kuzo. Iimfazwe ezisisigxina kulawulo olusebenzayo lweendawo ezimbalwa ezisalele ngaphandle kwempembelelo yase-US eqhubekile kule minyaka mithathu idlulileyo ngurhulumente wase-US kubandakanya iimfazwe e-Afghanistan, Yemen, Syria, Iraq, Libya, nase Somalia.

I-United States ayisiyiyo kuphela ikholoniyali, kodwa inayo iipesenti ezingama-95 zamazwe asemkhosini angaphandle. Kwaye isebenza ngokwenkolelo yokuphakama kwayo. Kwi World BEYOND War, sikholelwa ukuba inyathelo lokubamba urhulumente wase-US kumthetho womthetho, kunye nenqanaba lokuphelisa imfazwe, kukuvalwa kweziseko zangaphandle. Ke, kunjalo Sebenza ukuxhathisa iziseko ezitsha kunye nokusondela ezindala kwihlabathi jikelele. Oku kunokwenziwa. Iziseko ezininzi sele zikho ima okanye uzivale.

Iindlela esizithathayo zibandakanya imfundo yoluntu kunye nokusebenza ngokungenalusini okujolise kwiziseko nakwizomkhosi ngokubanzi. Sizama nokusebenzisa ukonakaliswa kwendalo kweziseko zomkhosi ngokuchasene nabo. Iziseko zase-US zinetyhefu yamanzi aphantsi komhlaba kwizizwe ezininzi "ngeekhemikhali ezingunaphakade," ukanti ezo ntlanga kunye neendawo ezifanelekileyo ziye zaliwa ilungelo lokuhlawulwa okanye lokulawulwa komhlaba wabo.

Sizama nendlela enokuthi iguqule ipropaganda yaseMelika ngokuchasene nayo. Ukuhanahanisa kugcinwa ngokubanzi kukuba iziseko zase-US kuwo onke amaqhekeza omhlaba ngandlela thile kwenza i-United States ikhuseleke. A umlinganiselo Ixhaswe kutshanje yiNdlu yaseMelika emva koko yatshitshiswa ukukholisa iNdlu yeeNgwevu. Bekuya kufuneka ukuba iPentagon ichaze indlela isiseko ngasinye samanye amazwe esenza ukuba i-United States ikhuseleke, kunokuba ibeke emngciphekweni okanye ingabinampembelelo “kukhuseleko” lwayo. Uphando luza kubonisa ukuba enyanisweni- phakathi kwezinye iimpembelelo eziyintlekele- iziseko zangaphandle zenza ukuba iikholoni zingakhuseleke ngakumbi kunokuba zingenakho ngaphandle kwazo.

Ithuba elikhawulezileyo, ewe, kukuvala iziseko zase-US e-Iraq njengoko kufunwa yi-Iraq. Umhlaba kunye noluntu lwase-US kufuneka lujoyine i-Iraq kuloo mfuno.