Kutheni le nto i-US isemngciphekweni omkhulu kangaka ku-COVID-19?

NguNicolas JS Davies, Matshi 27, 2020

I-United States iye yaba iziko elitsha Yobhubhane we-coronavirus wehlabathi, kunye neemeko ezingaphezu kwe-80,000, ngaphezulu kwe China okanye i-Itali. Abangaphezu kwewaka baseMelika sele beswelekile, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo oku sisiqalo nje sale ngozi ibulalayo phakathi kwe-US engonelanga ukhathalelo lwempilo yoluntu Inkqubo kunye nobhubhane lokwenyani.

Kwelinye icala, i-China kunye ne-South Korea, ezo zombini zinenkqubo yezempilo yoluntu egubungela uninzi lwezidingo zononophelo lwempilo yabantu, sele ijika indlela kwi-Covid-19 ngokusebenzisa ukuvalelwa ekujolise kuko, ukuhlanganiswa kwezixhobo zononophelo lwempilo yoluntu kunye neenkqubo zovavanyo ezikhawulezayo. kwaye kuvavanywe ngokufanelekileyo wonke umntu onokudibana nale ntsholongwane. I-China ithunyelwe 40,000 Oogqirha kunye nabasebenzi bezonyango, kubandakanya neengcali zokuphefumla ezingama-10,000, kwiphondo laseHubei kwinyanga yokuqala okanye ezimbini zesifo. Sele inyukele kwiintsuku ezi-3 zilandelelana kungekho matyala matsha kwaye iqala ukuphakamisa izithintelo kwezentlalo. ISouth Korea yakhawuleza yavavanya ngaphezulu abantu 300,000, kwaye bali-139 kuphela abantu bayo abasweleke. 

I-WHO's Bruce Aylward ityelele i-China ekupheleni kukaFebruwari, kwaye umbiko, "UNdicinga ukuba eyona nto iphambili yokufunda e-China sisantya… Ukukhawuleza kokufumana iimeko, ukwahlula amatyala, kunye nokulandela umkhondo wonxibelelwano lwabo olusondeleyo, kokukhona uya kuba nempumelelo ngakumbi… E-China, babeke inethiwekhi enkulu yomkhuhlane ezibhedlele. Kweminye imimandla, iqela linokuya kuwe likuswaze kwaye libe nempendulo kuwe kwiiyure ezine ukuya kwezisixhenxe. Kodwa kufuneka umiselwe- isantya yiyo yonke into. ”

Abaphandi e-Itali baye baqinisekisa ukuba ukuza kuthi ga ngoku 3 ngaphandle kwe4 Iimeko ze-Covid-19 azinasifo kwaye azibonakali ngokuvavanya kuphela abantu abaneempawu. Emva kothotho lweendlela ezingafanelekanga ezibulalayo, i-US, eyayinayo icala lokuqala nge-20 kaJanuwari, ngemini enye ne-South Korea, sele ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezimbini kuphela sele iqalile ukuvavanya ngokubanzi, xa sele sinamatyala amaninzi kunye ne-6th ephezulu yokufa emhlabeni. Okwangoku, i-US ikakhulu ithintela ukuvavanywa kwabantu abaneempawu, ingenzi uvavanyo olujolise kuko kunxibelelwano lwamatyala amatsha awayesebenza e-China. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba kungenjalo okunempilo, abathwali bezimpawu abayi kusasaza intsholongwane ngokungazi kwaye baqhubeke nokukhulisa ukukhula kwayo okubonakalayo.

Ke kutheni le nto i-United States ingabinakho ukujongana nalo bhubhane ngokufanelekileyo nangokufanelekileyo njenge-China, South Korea, Jemani okanye amanye amazwe? Ukunqongophala kwenkqubo yezempilo exhaswa ngurhulumente exhaswa ngurhulumente kukusilela okukhulu. Kodwa ukungakwazi kwethu ukuseta into enye kukodwa sisiphumo sezinye izinto ezingalunganga kuluntu lwaseMelika, kubandakanya urhwaphilizo lwenkqubo yethu yezopolitiko ngurhwebo olunamandla kunye neminqweno yeklasi kunye "nokuqaqanjelwa" kwaseMelika okusimfamekisa koko sinokukufunda kwamanye amazwe . 

Kwakhona, ukuhlala emkhosini kwengqondo yaseMelika kuye kwabaphatha kakubi abantu baseMelika abanemigaqo engqongqo yasemkhosini “yokhuselo” kunye “nokhuselo,” begqwetha inkcitho kwezemali ngokubaluleka kwimfazwe nakwezomkhosi ngenxa yazo zonke iimfuno zelizwe lethu, kubandakanya impilo yabantu baseMelika.

Kutheni le nto singenako nje ukuqhushumbisa intsholongwane?

Ewe lo mbuzo awunangqondo. Kodwa le yindlela iinkokheli zase-US eziphendula ngayo kuyo yonke ingozi esijamelana nayo, nokuphambuka okukhulu kwezixhobo zethu zikazwelonke kumzi-mveliso wezomkhosi (MIC) oshiya eli lizwe lityebileyo lilambile yindlala yezixhobo zokujongana neengxaki iinkokeli zethu ezingazenzi ukuzisombulula nazo. izixhobo nemfazwe. Kuxhomekeke kwinto ebalwa njengenkcitho "yokhuselo", ibalelwa ukuya kwisibini kwisithathu yenkcitho yenkululeko federal. Okwangoku, ibheyile ngokuhamba ngeBoeing, 2eyona inkulu Umenzi wezixhobo zase-US, ubaluleke kakhulu kuMnumzana uTrump kwaye uninzi kwiCongress kunokunceda iintsapho zaseMelika zidlule kule ngxaki.

Ekupheleni kweMfazwe ebandayo ngo-1989, amagosa aphezulu axelela iKomiti yoHlahlo-lwabiwo mali yeSenate ukuba uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lomkhosi wase-US lungabakho ngokukhuselekileyo uthathe i50% kule minyaka ilishumi izayo. Usihlalo wekomiti uJim Sasser uwuncomile lo mzuzu “njengokufika kwezinga eliphambili kuqoqosho lwasekhaya.” Kodwa ngo-2000, impembelelo yesakhiwo semikhosi yezomkhosi yayisithathe "isahlulo soxolo" saba ngu-a 22% ukunciphisa kwinkcitho yasemkhosini ukusuka ngo-1990 (emva kohlengahlengiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso). 

Ke ngo-2001, amajoni asebenza emkhosini abamba ulwaphulo-mthetho ngenkulungwane entsha ali-19 ikakhulu ngabafana baseSaudi ababexhobile kuphela nabaphethe iibhokisi ukusungula iimfazwe ezintsha kunye ezibiza kakhulu Ukwakhiwa komkhosi wase-US ukususela ngeMfazwe yesibini. Njengangaphambili umtshutshisi wolwaphulo-mthetho waseNuremberg uBenjamin Ferencz kwathiwa ngelo xesha, le yayingeyompendulo esemthethweni kulwaphulo-mthetho lwangoSeptemba 11. UFerencz uxelele i-NPR wathi: "Ayisoze ibe sisenzo esisemthethweni ukohlwaya abantu abangenatyala. "Ukuba nje uziphindezela ngobuninzi ngokuqhushumbisa iAfghanistan, masithi, okanye iTaliban, uyakubulala abantu abaninzi abangayamkeliyo le nto yenzekileyo."  

Ngaphandle kwento enqabileyo, ukungaphumeleli kwegazi kwinto ebizwa ngokuba "yiMfazwe yeHlabathi kwiNgcungcuthekiso," ukuzomelela kwezomkhosi okwenze ukuba kuthetheleleke ukuba kuphumelele lonke uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali eWashington. Emva kokuhlengahlengisa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, i Ngo-2020 uhlahlo-lwabiwo-mali lomkhosi wase-US ingaphezulu ngama-59% kunango-2000, kwaye ama-23% ebephezulu kunangaphambili ngo-1990. 

Kule minyaka ingama-20 idlulileyo (kwiidola ezingama-2020), i-US yabelwe $ 4.7 zezigidi ngaphezulu kwiPentagon kunokuba ibiligcinile uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwayo kwinqanaba elifanayo ukusukela ngo-2000. Nditsho phakathi kuka-1998 no-2010, njengoko uCarl Conetta ebhalile lakhe iphepha, Ukhuseleko olungahluthwanga: Ukuqonda i- $ 2 Trillion Surge ku-US Defense Spging, inkcitho yokwenene yomlo yayihambelana nedola yedola ngokuchitha inkcitho eyongezelelekileyo yasemkhosini, inkcitho eyongezelelweyo yokuthenga ukuze iphuhlise kwaye ithenge kakhulu Iinqanawa ezintsha zokulwa zomkhosi wamanzi, oomatshini abahamba ngebhajethi abanjenge- F-35 yokulwa UMkhosi Womoya, kunye noluhlu lweminqweno yezixhobo ezitsha kunye nezixhobo zesebe ngalinye lomkhosi. 

Ukusukela ngo-2010, oku kutshintsha okungafaniyo kobutyebi bethu belizwe ukuya kumatshini wezomatshini wezemali kuye kwalanda inkcitho yemfazwe. U-Obama uchithe ngaphezulu emkhosini kunoBush, kwaye ngoku uTrump uchitha nangaphezulu. Ukongeza kwi-4.7 yezigidigidi zeedola kwinkcitho eyongezelelweyo yePentagon, iimfazwe zase-US kunye nokulwa kwezomkhosi kuneendleko $ 1.3 yeetriliyoni ngaphezulu Imicimbi yamaVeterans ukusukela ngo-2000 (ikwahlengahlengisiwe ukunyuka kwamaxabiso), njengamaMelika axela kwangaphambili ukuba abuya ekhaya evela kwiimfazwe zaseMelika ezifuna amanqanaba onyango i-US enganikezeli ngayo kubantu bayo. 

Yonke imali ihambile ngoku, ngokuqinisekileyo ngokungathi iqokelelwe kwenye indawo e-Afghanistan kwaye itshiswe ngabambalwa I-80,000 yeebhombu I-US yehlile kweli lizwe ihlwempu ukusukela ngo-2001. Ke asinayo imali yokuchitha kwizibhedlele zikarhulumente, i-ventilators, uqeqesho lwezonyango, iimvavanyo ze-Covid-19 okanye naziphi na izinto esizidinga kakhulu kule ngxaki ingengomkhosi.

I-US $ 6 trillion ichithwe ngokupheleleyo-okanye mandundu. Imfazwe yobundlobongela ayizange yoyise okanye iphelise ubunqolobi. Ikhuthaze kuphela ukungapheliyo kobundlobongela kunye nesiphithiphithi kwihlabathi liphela. Umatshini wemfazwe wase-US utshabalalisile ilizwe emva kwelizwe: I-Afghanistan, i-Iraq, iSomalia, iLibya, iSyria, i-Yemen-kodwa ayikaze iphinde yakhe okanye izise uxolo nakweyiphi na kuzo. Ngeli xesha, iRussia ne China zakha ukhuselo lwenkulungwane yama-21 ngokuchasene neMelika umatshini ongasasebenziyo wemfazwe kwiqhezu elincinci lendleko zayo.

Njengamazwe kwihlabathi liphela ajongana nengozi efanayo yeCovid-19, mhlawumbi eyona mpendulo inesidima sisigqibo sikarhulumente wase-US sokunyanzela Izohlwayo ezikhohlakeleyo kwi-Iran, lelinye lawona mazwe athwaxwa kakhulu, kwaye sele echithiwe amayeza okusindisa ubomi kunye nezinye izibonelelo ngakwizigqibo esele zikho e-US. 

UNobhala Jikelele we-UN u-Antonio Guterres ucele ukuba ukuyeka umlilo kwangoko kuyo yonke imfazwe ngeli xesha lobunzima, kwaye i-US iyiphakamise izohlwayo ezibulalayo kubo bonke abamelwane bethu kwihlabathi liphela. Oko kufanele kubandakanya i-Iran; Ikhoriya eseMantla; Sudan; Siriya; Venezuwela; Zimbhabhwe; Ubuncinci beCuba, edlala indima ekhaliphileyo nenomdla ekulweni ubhubhane, ukuhlangula abakhweli Inqanawa yase-Britane eyayinenqanawa yokuhamba ngenqanawa eyayaliwe ukungena yi-US namanye amazwe, kwaye ukuthumela amaqela ezonyango ukuya e-Itali nakwamanye amazwe anentsholongwane kwihlabathi liphela.

Umyalelo we-21 wama-XNUMX woqoqosho

"Uqoqosho lokuyalela" yayiligama elihlekisayo elisetyenziselwa ukugxeka uqoqosho olucwangciswe embindini weMpuma Yurophu ngexesha loMlo obandayo. Kodwa isazi ngezoqoqosho uEric Schutz wasebenzisa I-21 yenkulungwane ye-Command Economics njengesihlokwana kwincwadi yakhe ka-2001 Iimarike kunye naMandla, apho athe wahlalutya khona iziphumo zamandla amakhulu emarike yamashishini amnyama ahlukeneyo kuqoqosho lwaseMelika. 

Njengokuba kucacisiwe nguSchutz, ithiyori (okanye neoclassical) yethiyori yoqoqosho ayihoyi into ebaluleke kakhulu kwiimarike "zasimahla" isizukulwana samaMelika esifundiswe ukuba sihloniphe. Le nto ingakhathalelwanga yile amandla. Njengokuba uninzi lwezinto zobomi baseMelika ziphathiswe intsomi "isandla esingabonakaliyo" sentengiso, abona badlali banamandla kwintengiso nganye bakhululekile ukusebenzisa amandla abo okuthengisa ukugxila kubutyebi kunye namandla amakhulu emarike ngokwabo (ayibonakali kangako izandla, ukuqhuba okhuphisana nabo abancinci ngaphandle kweshishini kunye nokuxhaphaza abanye abachaphazelekayo: abathengi; abasebenzi; ababoneleli; oorhulumente; noluntu lwasekuhlaleni.

Ukusukela ngo-1980, onke amacandelo oqoqosho lwaseMelika athatyathwa ngokuthe ngcembe ngabantu abambalwa nabambalwa kunye nemibutho emikhulu, ngesiphumo esibuthathaka kubomi baseMelika: amathuba ambalwa amashishini amancinci; Ukucutha utyalomali kwiziseko zenkonzo zoluntu kunye neenkonzo; umvuzo ocothayo okanye omileyo; ukunyuka kweerhafu; ukwenziwa kwezinto zabucala kwezemfundo kunye nezempilo; ukutshatyalaliswa kwabahlali bendawo; kunye nenkqubo yenkohliso yezopolitiko. Izigqibo ezinobuzaza ezichaphazela bonke ubomi bethu ngoku zenziwa kukubhidisa kunye nomdla weebhanki ezinkulu, ipharma enkulu, ubugcisa obukhulu, i-ag enkulu, abaphuhlisi abaphezulu, ubunzima bezomkhosi kunye nezona zinto zisisityebi 1% yabantu baseMelika.

Umnyango oxhaphakileyo odlula ngokuhamba kwamagosa aphezulu phakathi komkhosi, iifemu zokuphembelela, iibhodi zenkampani, iCongress kunye necandelo lolawulo luphindwe kumacandelo onke ezoqoqosho. ULiz Fowler, owabhala “umThetho woKhathalelo ongenakufikeleleka” njengeNdlu yeeNgwevu kunye neNdlu yeWhite House, wayengumphathi ophezulu e-Wellpoint Health (ngoku eyi-Anthem), inkampani engumzali we-Blue Cross-Blue Shield, ngoku efumana amawaka ezigidi kwinkxaso-mali yomanyano phantsi komthetho Ubhale. Emva koko wabuyela "kushishino" njengomphathi kuJohnson & Johnson - kanye njengoJames "Mad Dog" uMattis wabuyela kuye isitulo ebhodini kwiGeneral Dynamics ukuvuna umvuzo wakhe "kwinkonzo yoluntu" njengoNobhala Wezomkhosi.

Nokuba ngowuphi umxube wobungxowankulu nobusoshiyali ngamnye waseMelika unokuthanda ukuba ngumzekelo kuqoqosho lwase-US, bambalwa kakhulu abantu baseMelika abanokuthatha lo mthetho wenkulungwane yama-21 ukuba bayeke uqoqosho njengenkqubo abaza kukhetha ukuhlala phantsi kwayo. Bangaphi abapolitiki baseMelika abanokuphumelela kulonyulo ukuba ngaba ngokwenene baxelele abavoti ukuba le yinkqubo abakholelwa kuyo nabaceba ukuyikhuthaza?

Siphila kuluntu apho wonke umntu uyazi ukuba isivumelwano sibolile, njengoLeonard Cohen ingoma ihamba, ukanti sisahleli silahlekile kwiholo yezibuko, amaxhoba esicwangciso “sokwahlula-hlula nokulawula” apho izityebi nolawulo olunamandla lwezopolitiko kunye nabeendaba kunye nawo onke amanye amacandelo ale nkulungwane yama-21 eyalela uqoqosho. I-Trump, i-Biden kunye neenkokheli ze-Congressional zizona zihloko zabo zakutshanje, ziidemon kwaye ziphikisana omnye nomnye njengoko bona kunye nabahlawuli babo behleka yonke indlela eya ebhankini.

Kukho ingqumbo eyoyikisayo kwindlela i-Democratic Party avale ngayo iBiden kanye njengokuba uCovid-19 wabonakala enkundleni. Kwinyanga ephelileyo, bekubonakala ngathi unyaka wama-2020 ungangunyaka wamaMelika ekugqibeleni uza kutshabalalisa umsi oxhaswa ngezimali kunye nezibuko zeshishini le-inshurensi yezempilo yase-US kwaye lifezekise ukhathalelo lwempilo oluxhaswa ngurhulumente. Endaweni yoko, iinkokheli zedemokhrasi zibonakala ngathi zizinza ngobubi obuncinci bolunye uloyiso oluhlazisayo kunye neminye iminyaka emine yeTrump ngaphezulu (ezingqondweni zabo) ingozi enkulu yobongameli bukaSanders kunye nokhathalelo lwempilo kwihlabathi liphela. 

Kodwa ngoku olu luntu lungasebenzi kakuhle luye lwangena kwi-smack-bang lwenza amandla endalo, intsholongwane encinci enokubulala izigidi zabantu. Amanye amazwe anyukela kolu vavanyo lwenqanaba lokhathalelo lwempilo kunye neenkqubo zentlalo zabo ngempumelelo ngakumbi kunathi. Ke ngoko siya kuvuka ekugqibeleni kwiphupha lethu laseMelika, sivule amehlo ethu kwaye siqale ukufunda kubamelwane bethu abakwamanye amazwe, kubandakanya abo baneenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho nezempilo kunezethu? Ubomi bethu buxhomekeke kuyo.

UNicolas JS Davies ngumlobi we Igazi Ngezandla Zethu: Ukumenywa kweMelika kunye nokubhujiswa kweIraq. Uyintatheli ezimeleyo kunye umphandi we-CODEPINK.