Yintoni eyenziwa siSalathiso soXolo lweHlabathi neSingalinganisiyo

NguDavid Swanson, World BEYOND War, Julayi 19, 2022

Kangangeminyaka bendiyixabisa Inkcazo yoKhuseleko lweSizwe (GPI), kunye kwaxoxwa abantu abayenzayo, kodwa uphikise kunye kanye yintoni na ntoni. Ndigqibile ukufunda Uxolo NgeXesha Lesiphithiphithi nguSteve Killelea, umseki weZiko lezoQoqosho noXolo, elidale iGPI. Ndicinga ukuba kubalulekile ukuba siyiqonde into eyenziwa yiGPI nengayenziyo, ukuze sikwazi ukuyisebenzisa, kwaye singayisebenzisi, ngeendlela ezifanelekileyo. Ininzi into enokuyenza, ukuba asilindelanga ukuba yenze into ebengayifanelanga ukuba iyenze. Ekuqondeni oku, incwadi kaKillelea iluncedo.

Xa i-European Union iphumelele iBhaso loXolo likaNobel ngokuba yindawo enoxolo yokuhlala, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngumthengisi omkhulu wezixhobo kumazwe angaphandle, inxaxheba enkulu kwiimfazwe kwenye indawo, kunye nonobangela omkhulu wokungaphumeleli kwenkqubo ekhokelela kukungabikho koxolo kwenye indawo, Amazwe aseYurophu nawo abekwe phezulu kwiGPI. KwiSahluko 1 sencwadi yakhe, uKillelea uthelekisa uxolo lwaseNorway kunye neDemocratic Republic of the Congo, ngokusekelwe kumazinga okubulala ngaphakathi kwaloo mazwe, ngaphandle kokukhankanywa kwezixhobo ezithunyelwa ngaphandle okanye inkxaso yeemfazwe zangaphandle.

U-Killelea uthetha ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba iintlanga kufuneka zibe nemikhosi kwaye kufuneka zenze iimfazwe, ngokukodwa iimfazwe ezingenako ukuphetshwa (nokuba ziphi na ezo): "Ndikholelwa ukuba ezinye iimfazwe kufuneka ziliwe. Imfazwe yaseGulf, iMfazwe yaseKorea kunye nomsebenzi wokugcina uxolo waseTimor-Leste yimizekelo emihle, kodwa ukuba iimfazwe zinokuthintelwa kufanele kube njalo. " (Ungandibuzi ukuba inokukholelwa njani ukuba abo iimfazwe ngebengenakuphetshwa. Qaphela ukuba inkxaso-mali yesizwe yokugcina uxolo ye-UN yenye yezinto ezisetyenziselwa ukudala i-GPI [jonga ngezantsi], mhlawumbi [oku akwenziwa kucace] into enhle, kunokuba ibe yinto embi. Qaphela kwakhona ukuba ezinye zezinto ezenza i-GPI zinika ilizwe amanqaku angcono ngakumbi kunciphisa amalungiselelo emfazwe, nangona u-Killelea ecinga ukuba kufuneka sibe neemfazwe ezithile - ezinokuba sesinye isizathu sokuba ezi zinto zilinganiswe kancinci kwaye zidityaniswe nezinye ezininzi. izinto apho uKillea angenayo imibono exubene ngolo hlobo.)

The GPI ilinganisa izinto ezingama-23. Ukugcina ezona zinxulumene ngqo nemfazwe, ngakumbi imfazwe yangaphandle, okokugqibela, uluhlu luqhuba ngolu hlobo:

1. Inqanaba lolwaphulo-mthetho olucingelwayo kuluntu. (Kutheni ubonwa?)
2. Inani leembacu kunye nabantu abafuduswa ngaphakathi njengepesenti yabemi. (Ukufaneleka?)
3. Ukungazinzi kwezopolitiko.
4. Isikali sobugrogrisi bezopolitiko. (Oku kubonakala ngathi umlinganiselo ukubulala okugunyaziswe ngurhulumente, ukuthuthunjiswa, ukunyamalala kunye nokuvalelwa entolongweni kwezopolitiko, singabali naziphi na ezo zinto zenziwe phesheya okanye ngeedrones okanye kwiindawo ezifihlakeleyo ezingaselunxwemeni.)
5. Impembelelo yobunqolobi.
6. Inani lokubulawa kwabantu kwi-100,000 yabantu.
7. Inqanaba lolwaphulo-mthetho olunobundlobongela.
8. Imiboniso enobundlobongela.
9. Inani labantu abavalelweyo kwi-100,000 yabantu.
10. Inani lamagosa okhuseleko lwangaphakathi kunye namapolisa kwi-100,000 yabantu.
11. Ukufikelela lula kwizixhobo ezincinci kunye nezixhobo ezilula.
12. Igalelo lemali kwimishini yokugcina uxolo ye-UN.
13. Inani kunye nexesha leengxabano zangaphakathi.
14. Inani lokufa ngenxa yongquzulwano olulungelelanisiweyo lwangaphakathi.
15. Ubunzulu bongquzulwano olulungelelanisiweyo lwangaphakathi.
16. Ubudlelwane namazwe angabamelwane.
17. Inkcitho yomkhosi njengepesenti yeGDP. (Ukungaphumeleli ukulinganisa oku ngokwemigaqo ecacileyo kuyawanyusa kakhulu amanqaku “woxolo” kumazwe atyebileyo. Ukusilela ekuwulinganiseni ngomntu ngamnye kuphazamisa ukufaneleka kwabantu.)
18. Inani labasebenzi abaxhobileyo kwi-100,000 yabantu. (Ukungaphumeleli ukulinganisa oku ngokwemigaqo epheleleyo kukhulisa kakhulu amanqaku “woxolo” kumazwe anabantu abaninzi.)
19. Izixhobo zenyukliya kunye nezixhobo ezinzima.
20. Umthamo wokudluliselwa kwezixhobo eziphambili eziqhelekileyo njengommkeli (ukungenisa) ngabantu abayi-100,000. (Ukungaphumeleli ukulinganisa oku ngokwemigaqo epheleleyo kukhulisa kakhulu amanqaku “woxolo” kumazwe anabantu abaninzi.)
21. Umthamo wokudluliselwa kwezixhobo eziphambili eziqhelekileyo njengomthengisi (ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle) ngabantu abayi-100,000. (Ukungaphumeleli ukulinganisa oku ngokwemigaqo epheleleyo kukhulisa kakhulu amanqaku “woxolo” kumazwe anabantu abaninzi.)
22. Inani, ixesha kunye nendima kwiingxabano zangaphandle.
23. Inani lokufa ngenxa yongquzulwano olulungelelanisiweyo lwangaphandle. (Kubonakala ngathi kuthetha inani lokufa kwabantu abasuka ekhaya, ukuze iphulo elikhulu lokuqhushumba liquke ukufa kwe-zero.)

The GPI ithi isebenzisa ezi zinto ukubala izinto ezimbini:

“1. Umlinganiselo wendlela ilizwe elinoxolo ngayo ngaphakathi; 2. Umlinganiselo wendlela ilizwe elinoxolo ngayo ngaphandle (imeko yalo yoxolo ngaphaya kwemida yalo). Amanqaku adibeneyo adibeneyo kunye nesalathiso aye aqulunqwa ngokusetyenziswa kobunzima be-60 ekhulwini kumlinganiselo woxolo lwangaphakathi kunye neepesenti ze-40 kuxolo lwangaphandle. Ubunzima obunzima obusetyenziswa kuxolo lwangaphakathi kwavunyelwana ngabo ligqiza labacebisi, emva kwengxoxo-mpikiswano eqinileyo. Isigqibo sasisekelwe kwingcamango yokuba umgangatho omkhulu woxolo lwangaphakathi unokukhokelela, okanye ubuncinane ukulungelelanisa, ungquzulwano oluphantsi lwangaphandle. Ubunzima bujongiwe liqela leengcebiso phambi kokuhlanganiswa kohlelo ngalunye lweGPI. "

Kufanelekile ukuqaphela apha ingqiqo engaqhelekanga yokubeka ubhontsi kwisikali se-factor A ngokuchanekileyo ngezizathu zokuba umba A uhambelana nomba B. Ewe, kuyinyani kwaye kubalulekile ukuba uxolo lwangaphakathi lunokwandisa uxolo kumazwe angaphandle, kodwa kwakhona yinyani. yaye kubalulekile ukuba uxolo kwamanye amazwe lukhulise uxolo ekhaya. Ezi zibakala azichazi ubunzima obongezelelweyo obunikwe kwizinto zasekhaya. Ingcaciso ebhetele isenokuba kumazwe amaninzi inkoliso yezinto azenzayo nabachitha imali kuzo zezasekhaya. Kodwa kwilizwe elifana ne-United States, loo ngcaciso iyawa. Inkcazo engafanelekanga inokuba kukuba olu bunzima bezinto lunceda izixhobo ezityebileyo ezisebenza kumazwe alwa iimfazwe zawo kude nekhaya. Okanye, kwakhona, inkcazo inokulala kumnqweno kaKillelea wesixa esifanelekileyo kunye nohlobo lokwenziwa kwemfazwe kunokupheliswa kwayo.

I-GPI inika obu bunzima kwizinto ezithile:

UXOLO NGAPHAKATHI (60%):
Iimbono ngolwaphulo-mthetho 3
Amagosa okhuseleko namapolisa axabisa 3
Izinga lokubulawa kwabantu 4
Izinga lokuvalelwa 3
Ukufikelela kwizixhobo ezincinci 3
Ubunzulu bongquzulwano lwangaphakathi 5
Imiboniso enobundlobongela 3
Ulwaphulo-mthetho olunobundlobongela 4
Ukungazinzi kwezopolitiko 4
Uloyiko lwezopolitiko 4
Ukuthengwa kwezixhobo kumazwe angaphandle 2
Iimpembelelo zobunqolobi 2
Ukusweleka ngenxa yongquzulwano lwangaphakathi 5
Ungquzulwano lwangaphakathi oluliwe 2.56

UXOLO NGAPHANDLE (40%):
Inkcitho yomkhosi (% GDP) 2
Ireyithi yabasebenzi beenkonzo ezixhobileyo 2
Inkxaso-mali yokugcina uxolo ye-UN 2
Izakhono zenyukliya kunye nezixhobo ezinzima 3
Ukuthunyelwa kwezixhobo kumazwe angaphandle 3
Iimbacu kunye nee-IDPs 4
Ubudlelwane bamazwe angabamelwane 5
Ungquzulwano lwangaphandle oluliwe 2.28
Ukufa ngenxa yongquzulwano lwangaphandle 5

Ewe kunjalo, ilizwe elifana ne-United States lifumana ukomelela kuninzi koku. Iimfazwe zayo ngokuqhelekileyo aziliwa kubamelwane bayo. Ukufa kwezo mfazwe ayiqhelekanga ukufa kwe-US. Kuhle kakhulu ukunceda iimbacu, kodwa ixhasa ngemali amajoni e-UN. njl.

Amanye amanyathelo abalulekileyo awaqukwanga kwaphela:

• Iziseko ezigcinwe kumazwe angaphandle.
• Imikhosi igcinwe kumazwe angaphandle.
• Iziseko zangaphandle zamkelwe kwilizwe.
• Ukubulawa kwamanye amazwe.
• Ubhukuqo-mbuso lwangaphandle.
• Izixhobo ezisemoyeni, emkhathini, naselwandle.
• Uqeqesho lomkhosi kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo zomkhosi kunikezelwe kumazwe angaphandle.
• Ubulungu kwiimanyano zemfazwe.
• Ubulungu kwimibutho yamazwe ngamazwe, iinkundla, kunye nezivumelwano zokuthotywa kwezixhobo, uxolo, kunye namalungelo oluntu.
• Utyalo-mali kwizicwangciso zokhuselo loluntu olungaxhomekanga.
• Utyalo-mali kwimfundo yoxolo.
• Utyalo-mali kwimfundo yemfazwe, ukubhiyozela, kunye nokuzukiswa komkhosi.
• Ukubeka ubunzima bezoqoqosho kwamanye amazwe.

Ke, kukho ingxaki ngemigangatho ye-GPI iyonke, ukuba silindele ukuba bagxile kwimfazwe kunye nokudala imfazwe. I-United States ikwi-129th, hayi i-163rd. I-Palestine kunye ne-Israel i-side-by-side kwi-133 kunye ne-134. I-Costa Rica ayenzi i-30 ephezulu. Izizwe ezintlanu ze-10 ezininzi "ezinoxolo" emhlabeni ngamalungu e-NATO. Ukugxila kwimfazwe, yiya endaweni yoko Mapping Militarism.

Kodwa ukuba sibekela bucala iGPI yonyaka umbiko, kwaye uye kwi-GPI entle iimephu, kulula kakhulu ukujonga amanqanaba ehlabathi kwizinto ezithile okanye iiseti zezinto. Kulapho ixabiso lilele khona. Umntu unokuphikisana nokhetho lwedatha okanye indlela esetyenziswa ngayo kumanqanaba okanye ingaba ingasixelela ngokwaneleyo na kuyo nayiphi na imeko, kodwa kuyo yonke i-GPI, yahlulwe ngokwezinto ezahlukeneyo, yindawo eyoyikisayo yokuqala. Hlela umhlaba ngayo nayiphi na into ejongwa yiGPI, okanye ngezinye iindibaniselwano. Apha sibona ukuba ngawaphi amazwe afumana amanqaku angalunganga kwezinye izinto kodwa kakuhle kwezinye, kwaye aphakathi kwibhodi yonke. Apha kwakhona sinokuzingela ulungelelwaniso phakathi kwezinto ezahlukeneyo, kwaye sinokuluthathela ingqalelo unxibelelwano - lwenkcubeko, nokuba lungekho ngokwamanani, - phakathi kwezinto ezahlukeneyo.

The GPI ikwaluncedo ekuqokeleleni iindleko zezoqoqosho zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zobundlobongela eziqwalaselweyo, kwaye ubadibanise kunye: “Ngo-2021, ifuthe lehlabathi lobundlobongela kwezoqoqosho liye lafikelela kwi-16.5 yetriliyoni yeedola, rhoqo ngo-2021 yeedola zaseMelika ekuthengeni amandla okulingana (PPP) . Oku kulingana ne-10.9 yeepesenti ye-GDP yehlabathi, okanye i-$ 2,117 ngomntu ngamnye. Oku ibikukunyuka ngeepesenti ezili-12.4, okanye i-1.82 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ukusuka kunyaka ophelileyo.”

Into ekufuneka ijongwe ziingcebiso eziveliswa yiGPI phantsi kwesihloko esithi luxolo olulungileyo. Izindululo zayo ziquka ukuphuculwa kwezi nkalo: “urhulumente osebenza kakuhle, imeko-bume yoshishino ephilileyo, ukwamkelwa kwamalungelo abanye, ulwalamano oluhle nabamelwane, ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo kwenkcazelo, umgangatho ophezulu wabantu, umgangatho ophantsi worhwaphilizo, nokusasazwa ngokulinganayo. yemithombo.” Ngokucacileyo, i-100% yezi zinto zizinto ezilungileyo, kodwa i-0% (kungekhona i-40%) ngokuthe ngqo malunga neemfazwe ezikude phesheya.