NguLawrence Wittner, Uxolo & neMpilo Blog, Februwari 11, 2022
Abagqabaza ngengxaki yangoku yaseUkraine ngamanye amaxesha baye bayithelekisa nengxaki yemijukujelwa yaseCuba. Olu luthelekiso oluhle-kwaye hayi nje ngokuba zombini zibandakanya ukujongana ngezikhondo zamehlo zase-US-Russian ezinokukhokelela kwimfazwe yenyukliya.
Ngexesha lentlekele yaseCuba ka-1962, imeko yayifana ngokuphawulekayo naleyo yeMpuma Yurophu yanamhlanje, nangona iindima ezinkulu zamandla zatshintshwa.
Ngo-1962, i-Soviet Union yangenelela kurhulumente wase-US ozichaza ngokwakhe kwinqanaba lempembelelo ngokufaka imijukujelwa yenyukliya ephakathi eCuba, ilizwe elikwiikhilomitha ezingama-90 kuphela ukusuka e-US. amanxweme. Urhulumente waseCuba waye wacela imijukujelwa njengendlela yokuthintela uhlaselo lwase-US, uhlaselo olwalubonakala lunokwenzeka ngenxa yembali ende yokungenelela kwe-US kwimicimbi yaseCuba, kunye nohlaselo lwase-US oluxhaswe yi-US ngo-1961.
Urhulumente waseSoviet wavuma kwisicelo kuba wayefuna ukuqinisekisa iqabane lakhe elitsha laseCuba ngokhuseleko lwayo. Ikwavakalelwa kukuba ukuthunyelwa kwemijukujelwa kwakuya kuba yinyukliya, kwi-US. urhulumente wayesele efake imijukujelwa yenyukliya eTurkey, kumda waseRashiya.
Ngokwembono karhulumente wase-US, inyani yokuba urhulumente waseCuba unelungelo lokuzenzela izigqibo zokhuseleko kwaye urhulumente waseSoviet wayekhuphela umgaqo-nkqubo wase-US eTurkey yayingabalulekanga kangako kunengcinga yakhe yokuba akunakubakho kulungelelana xa ifika. ukuya kwinqanaba lemveli lase-US lempembelelo kwiCaribbean kunye neLatin America. Ngaloo ndlela, uMongameli uJohn F. Kennedy wayala i-US. i-naval blockade (eyayibiza ngokuba “yi-quarantine”) ejikeleze i-Cuba kwaye yathi akazukuvumela ubukho bemijukujelwa yenyukliya kwesi siqithi. Ukukhusela ukususwa komjukujelwa, ubhengeze ukuba, “akazukuhlehla” “kwimfazwe yenyukliya yehlabathi.”
Ekugqibeleni, le ngxaki iqatha yaconjululwa. UKennedy kunye neNkulumbuso yaseSoviet uNikita Khrushchev bavumile ukuba i-USSR iya kususa imijukujelwa eCuba, ngelixa uKennedy wathembisa ukuba akayi kuhlasela iCuba kwaye asuse imijukujelwa yase-US eTurkey.
Ngelishwa, uluntu lwehlabathi lweza nokungaqondi ukuba ungquzulwano lwase-US.-Soviet lufikelele kwisigqibo esinoxolo. Isizathu kukuba ukususwa kwe-missile yase-US eTurkey yayigcinwe iyimfihlo. Ngaloo ndlela, kwabonakala ngathi uKennedy, owayethathe umgca onzima esidlangalaleni, wayephumelele uloyiso olubalulekileyo lweMfazwe yeCold phezu kweKhrushchev. Ukungaqondi kakuhle okudumileyo kwafakwa kwigqabaza likaNobhala Welizwe uDean Rusk esithi la madoda mabini “ayeme “kwikhoso yeliso,” waza uKhrushchev “waqhwanyaza.”
Eyona nto yenzekileyo, nangona kunjalo, njengoko sisazi ngoku enkosi kwizityhilelo zikaRusk kunye noNobhala wezoKhuselo uRobert McNamara, kukuba uKennedy kunye noKhrushchev baqaphela, ngokudana kwabo, ukuba amazwe abo amabini axhobe ngenyukliya afikile kwindawo eyingozi kakhulu. zazityibilika kwimfazwe yenyukliya. Ngenxa yoko, benza iingxoxo eziyimfihlo eziphezulu ezayithomalalisa imeko. Kunokuba zimise imijukujelwa kwimida yazo zombini ezi zizwe, zasuka nje zayitshabalalisa. Endaweni yokulwa nemeko yeCuba, urhulumente wase-US wayeka naluphi na uluvo lokuhlasela. Kunyaka olandelayo, kulandelelwano olufanelekileyo, uKennedy kunye noKhrushchev batyikitya iSivumelwano sokuVavanywa kweSivumelwano sokuVavanya, isivumelwano sokuqala sokulawula izixhobo zenyukliya.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuthotywa kunokusetyenzwa ngokunxulumene nongquzulwano lwanamhlanje lwaseUkraine naseMpuma Yurophu. Umzekelo, njengoko amazwe amaninzi alo mmandla ajoyine i-NATO okanye enza isicelo sokwenza oko ngenxa yokoyika ukuba iRussia iya kuphinda ilawule izizwe zabo, urhulumente waseRussia unokubanika iziqinisekiso ezifanelekileyo zokhuseleko, njengokuphinda bajoyine i-Conventional Armed Forces. ISivumelwano saseYurophu, apho iRussia yarhoxa ngaphezulu kweminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo. Okanye amazwe akhuphisanayo anokuphinda ajonge izindululo zoKhuseleko oluQhelekileyo lwaseYurophu, olwapapashwa ngeminyaka yee-1980 nguMikhail Gorbachev. Ubuncinci, iRussia kufuneka irhoxise i-armada yayo enkulu, eyilelwe ngokucacileyo ukoyikisa okanye ukuhlasela, ukusuka kwimida yaseUkraine.
Ngeli xesha, urhulumente wase-US unokuthatha amanyathelo akhe okunciphisa. Isenokucinezela urhulumente waseUkraine ukuba amkele ifomula yaseMinsk yokuzimela kwengingqi kwimpuma yelo lizwe. Isenokuthi ibandakanye iintlanganiso zokhuseleko zexesha elide eMpuma-Ntshona ezinokuthi zisebenze isivumelwano sokuthomalalisa ukungavisisani eMpuma Yurophu ngokubanzi. Amanyathelo amaninzi ayafumaneka ngale ndlela, kubandakanya ukubuyisela izixhobo ezikhubekisayo ngezixhobo ezikhuselayo kumaqabane e-NATO aseMpuma Yurophu. Kwaye akukho mfuneko yokuthatha umgca onzima ekwamkeleni ubulungu be-NATO yaseUkraine, njengoko kungekho sicwangciso sokuthathela ingqalelo ubulungu bayo kwikamva elibonakalayo.
Ungenelelo lweqela lesithathu, ngakumbi liZizwe eziManyeneyo, luya kuba luncedo ngakumbi. Ngapha koko, kuya kuba neentloni ngakumbi kurhulumente wase-US ukuba amkele isindululo sikarhulumente waseRussia, okanye ngokuchaseneyo, kunokuba bobabini bamkele isiphakamiso esenziwe ngumntu ongaphandle, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo bangathathi hlangothi. Ngaphaya koko, ukutshintsha imikhosi yase-US kunye ne-NATO ngemikhosi ye-UN kumazwe aseMpuma Yurophu ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kuvuselela ubutshaba obuncinci kunye nomnqweno wokungenelela ngurhulumente waseRussia.
Njengoko intlekele ye-missile yaseCuba ekugqibeleni yamqinisekisa uKennedy kunye neKhrushchev, kwixesha lenyukliya akukho nto ingako inokufunyanwa-kwaye kuninzi okumele kulahleke-xa amagunya amakhulu eqhubeka nezenzo zabo zenkulungwane zakudala zokukrola iindawo ezikhethekileyo zempembelelo kunye nokuzibandakanya kwi-high-. Ukujongana neengxabano zomkhosi.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, nathi, sinokufunda kwingxaki yaseCuba-kwaye kufuneka sifunde kuyo-ukuba siza kusinda.
UGqr. Lawrence S. Wittner (www.lawrenceswittner.com/) nguNjingalwazi we-History Emeritus kwi-SUNY / Albany kunye nomlobi we Ukujongana neBhomu (IStanford University Press).
