Ngu-Raed Jarrar, ngo-Novemba 22, 2019
ukusuka Ilizwe nje
Kwiiveki zokugqibela ze-6, ngaphezulu kwe-300 Iraqis ibulewe kwaye ngaphezulu kwe-15,000 yalimala kwisiphithiphithi esinegazi esingabikho kwiintloko zase-US.
Kukhuthazwe sisiphithiphithi eLebhanon kunye nemiboniso e-Egypt, ngo-Okthobha i-Iraqis bathatha baya ezitratweni bekhalazela urhulumente wabo. Uninzi lwabaqhankqalazi sisizukulwana esitsha se-Iraqis eselula esifike kwiminyaka emva kokuhlaselwa kwe-US eBaghdad e-2003.
Emva kohlaselo, urhulumente omtsha waseIraq wamkela ingxelo echaza iimpazamo zayo ngokuzifanisa kurhulumente ogunyazisiweyo kaSaddam Hussein. Kodwa kulutsha lwaseIraq olungazange luhlale phantsi kolawulo lukaSaddam, olo luvo alubambanga nto kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo aluzange lubekelele urhwaphilizo kunye nokungasebenzi kurhulumente wangoku. Bechwayitile, ulutsha luye lwothusa udidi lwezobupolitika ngokukhuthaza umlo omtsha woqhanqalazo olucela umngeni kwisiseko senkqubo yezopolitiko.
Uqhanqalazo lwaluvuseleleka kukudideka okwenzeka mihla le: ukungabikho kwemisebenzi, ukunqongophala kokufikelela kwiinkonzo zikarhulumente, kunye norhwaphilizo kurhulumente. Abaqhankqalazi baseIraq bayazi ukuba le micimbi ayinakusonjululwa ngaphandle kokutshintsha kwenkqubo- kwaye ngenxa yoko, amabango abo ajolise kwimixholo emibini ephambili: ukuphelisa ungenelelo lwangaphandle, kunye nokupheliswa kolawulo lwehlelo.
Ezi zibango zibeka isoyikiso esikhoyo kulo lonke udidi lwezopolitiko e-Iraq olufakelwe emva kokuhlasela kwe2003, kwaye okubaluleke nangakumbi, sisisisongelo kumagunya angaphandle atyalwe kulawulo lwangoku - ikakhulu iUnited States ne-Iran.
Ukuphela kongenelelo lwangaphandle
Ngokungafaniyo nendlela i-US ne-Iran bezisoloko zineemfazwe zokulwa nazo kuMbindi Mpuma apho zikumacala “aphikisayo,” i-Iraq ibiyinto eyohlukileyo kuleyo. I-Iran ne-United States zixhase amaqela ezopolitiko ezifanayo e-Iraq ukusukela kwi2003. Kuyenzeka nje ukuba, ngenxa yezizathu zobume bezoqoqosho, ukwahlula i-Iraq ibe ngamacandelo ohlanga kunye nokuxhasa abo baSunni, Shia, Kurdish kunye namanye amaqela asekelezwe ngokobuhlanga kulungelelaniswe kunye nomdla we-US ne-Iran.
Omabini la mazwe axhasa ulawulo lwangoku e-Iraq kwezopolitiko, kodwa okona kubaluleke kakhulu, eyixhasa ngokuyixhasa ngazo zonke izixhobo, uqeqesho, kunye nabasebenzi abadingayo ukuze baphile. I-US ithumele ngaphezulu kwe- $ 2 yezigidigidi kurhulumente wase-Iraq ukusukela nge2012 njengenxalenye yephakheji yonyaka yemali yamazwe angaphandle. I-US ithengise nolawulo lwe-Iraq ngaphezulu kwe- $ 23 yezigidigidi yezixhobo ukusuka kwi-2003. Ukukhusela urhulumente wase-Iraq kubantu bakhe, umkhosi oxhasayo wase-Iranian uthathe inxaxheba ukubulala abaqhankqalazi. Amnesty International kutshanje umbiko ukuba i-Iran ngoyena mthengisi ophambili we-cannah zerhasi esetyenziselwa ukubulala ababhikishi baseIraq mihla le.
Urhwaphilizo lwaseburhulumenteni e-Iraq kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle ziimpawu zokuxhomekeka kumagunya angaphandle njenge-US ne-Iran. Amagosa aseburhulumenteni e-Iraq akakhathali nokuba ama-Iraq ayakuvuma ukusebenza kwawo, kwaye akakhathali nokuba uninzi lwe-Iraq alunazo iinkonzo ezisisiseko, kuba ayisosiseko sobukho bazo.
Abaqhankqalazi baseIraq - nokuba bakweyiphi na imvelaphi okanye bohlanga - banondlalwe kukuhlala kwindawo yabathengi engenabo ubukhosi kwaye yenye yoorhulumente abakhohlakeleyo, abanganyanisekanga emhlabeni. Babiza lonke ungenelelo ukuba luphele, nokuba luvela e-US, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, okanye kwa-Israel. I-Iraqis ifuna ukuhlala kwilizwe elilawulwa ngurhulumente oxhomekeke ebantwini, hayi kumagunya angaphandle.
Ukupheliswa kobuhlanga kunye noLawulo lweCandelo
Kwi-2003 i-US yamisela ulawulo lwezobupolitika e-Iraq olwalusekwe kwi-Quyo-seecarian ye-ethno-umongameli (Umongameli nguKurdish, iNkulumbuso yiShia, uMongameli wePalamente nguSunni, njl. Njl.). Le nkqubo ibekiweyo idale kuphela kwaye yafaka ukwahlukana ngaphakathi elizweni (eyayincinci ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa okukhokelwe yi-US), kwaye yakhokelela ekudalweni kwemikhosi ye-ethno-sethi yesizwe kunye nokutshatyalaliswa komkhosi omanyeneyo wesizwe. Ngaphakathi kolu lwakhiwo, abezobupolitika baqeshwa bengasekelwanga kwimfaneleko, kodwa kunoko imvelaphi yabo yobuhlanga kunye neqela. Ngenxa yoko, i-Iraqis ishenxiselwe kwimimandla esekwe ngokobuhlanga nangamahlelo, kwaye ilizwe likhokelwa ngamajoni kunye namaqela axhobileyo (ISIS yayingomnye umzekelo woku). Udidi lwezopolitiko olukhoyo ngoku lusebenze ngale ndlela, nolutsha luye lwazilungiselela zaza zaphakamisa yonke imvelaphi yamahlelo ukufuna ukuphela kwayo.
Abaqhankqalazi baseIraq bafuna ukuhlala kwilizwe elinobumbano elilawulwa ngurhulumente osebenzayo apho amagosa anyulwa ngokusekelwe kwimigangatho-yabo yokungabandakanywa kwabo neqela lezopolitiko. Ngapha koko, indlela yonyulo e-Iraq isebenza ngoku kukuba ii-Iraq ikakhulu zivotela amaqela, hayi amalungu ePalamente. Uninzi lwamaqela ahlulelene kumgca weqela. I-Iraqis ifuna ukutshintsha le nkqubo ukuze ivote kubantu abanokuphendula ngokugweba ilizwe.
Bangenza ntoni abantu baseMelika?
Ngendlela, into ulutsha lwase-Iraq oluvukelayo ngoku ngurhulumente owakhiwa yi-US kwaye usikelelwe yi-Iran kwi-2003. Olu lutshintsho olwenziwayo kwilifa laseMelika eIraq eliqhubeka ngokubulala i-Iraq kunye nokutshabalalisa ilizwe labo.
I-US inerekhodi eyoyikekayo e-Iraq. Izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho zase-US ezaqala ngeMfazwe yokuqala ye-Gulf e-1991 kwaye yaqina ngexesha lokuhlaselwa kwe-2003 kunye nokuhlala kwabantu kusaqhubeka namhlanje ngenkxaso yezomkhosi kunye nezopolitiko ezinikezwe kulawulo lwase-Iraq. Zininzi iindlela zokuma kuzinzo kunye nokuxhasa i-Iraqis namhlanje - kodwa kuthi thina bangabarhafi base-US, kufanele ukuba siqale ngokubamba urhulumente wase-US. Urhulumente wase-US usebenzisa iidola zethu zerhafu ukuxhasa urhulumente ongenaxhala nokusebenza gwenxa e-Iraq ongakwaziyo ukuzimela ngokwakhe- ngelixa I-Iraq isavukela lo rhulumente uxhaswe ngemali kumazwe abo, eyona nto sinokuyenza kukubiza urhulumente wethu. ukusika uncedo kurhulumente wase-Iraq, kunye nokuyeka ukuxhasa ukubulawa kwe-Iraqis.
U-Raed Jarrar (@raedjarrar) ngumhlalutyi wezopolitiko wase-Arab-America kunye nomzabalazo wamalungelo abantu ozinze eWashington, DC.
