Ziziphi Iingxowa Zezempi Zaphandle?

Ukuba unjengabantu abaninzi e-United States, unokwazi ngokucacileyo ukuba umkhosi wase-US ugcina amaninzi amabutho amiselwe ngokusisigxina kumaziko angaphandle kwihlabathi. Kodwa ngaba uke wazibuza kwaye uphando ngokwenene ukuze ufumanise ukuba zininzi, kwaye ziphi na, kwaye ziphi iindleko, kunye nenjongo yintoni, kwaye ngohlobo luni ubudlelwane kunye neentlanga ezihlangene?

Incwadi entsha ephandwe ngokumangalisayo, iminyaka emithandathu isebenza, uphendula le mibuzo ngendlela oza kuyifumana ukuba uyayenza nokuba ukhe wayibuza okanye hayi. Kuyabizwa Isizwe soBume: Indlela amaSomandla aseMerika ahlasela ngayo iMelika kunye nehlabathi, nguDavid Vine.

Ezinye iisiseko ze-800 kunye namakhulu ezinkulungwane zemikhosi kwiintlanga ze-70, kunye nazo zonke iintlobo zabanye "abaqeqeshi" kunye nezenzo "ezingasigxina" ezihlala ngokungapheliyo, zilondoloze ubukho bempi base-United States ehlabathini lonke ukuze kuthengiswe ixabiso lentengo ye-$ 100 ibhiliyoni ngonyaka.

Ngoba Benza oku ngumbuzo onzima ukuphendula.

Nangona ucinga ukuba kunesizathu esithile sokukwazi ukukhawuleza ukuhambisa amawaka amabutho ase-US kunoma yiphina indawo emhlabeni, ii-airplan zenza oko ngokulula kwi-United States ukusuka eKorea okanye eJapan okanye eJamani okanye eItali.

Kubiza kakhulu ukugcina amajoni kulawo mazwe, kwaye ngelixa abanye abakhuseli besiseko besenza ityala lokupha ubutyebi, ubungqina bokuba uqoqosho lwasekhaya okunene luxhamla kancinane- kwaye bahlupheke kancinci xa isiseko sishiya. Nokuba uqoqosho lwase-US aluzuzi, ewe. Endaweni yoko, iikontraki ezithile ezinelungelo ziyaxhamla, kunye nabo bapolitiki abanamaphulo abawancedayo. Kwaye ukuba ucinga ukuba inkcitho yezomkhosi ayifumaneki ekhaya, kuya kufuneka ujonge iziseko phesheya apho kunqabile ukuba noonogada abaqeshwe ngenjongo yokugada abapheki abanomsebenzi wabo ukondla oonogada. Umkhosi unegama layo nayiphi na i-SNAFU eqhelekileyo, kwaye eli lithi "kukuzikhotha i-ice cream."

Iziseko, kwiimeko ezininzi, zivelisa inani elininzi lokwenyanya inzondo kunye nenzondo, ukukhonza njengezizathu zokuhlaselwa kwiziseko ngokwazo okanye kwezinye iindawo - zibandakanya ngokuhlaselwa kukaSeptemba 11, 2001.

Iziseko ezijikeleze imida yaseRashiya kunye neChina zivelisa intsha entsha kunye neentambo, kunye neziphakamiso zaseRashiya neChina zokuvula iziseko zangaphandle. Njengamanje onke amaziko angaphandle ase-US angaphandle kwamazwe angama-30, kunye neninzi yalabo abasondelene nabo base-US, kwaye akukho namnye wabo ophakathi okanye e-United States. .

Uninzi lweziseko zase-US zibanjwe yimibutho enobudlova. Uphando lwezemfundo luye lwafumanisa ukutyeba okunzulu kwe-US ukukhusela ukunyanzeliswa apho iUnited States ineziseko. Ukubheka kwiphephandaba kuya kukuxelela okufanayo. Izigwenxa eBahrain azilingani kunye nezobugebengu e-Iran. Enyanisweni, xa oorhulumente abanobudlova kunye nabangabonakaliyo njengamanje babamba iinqununu zase-US (ngokomzekelo, iHonduras, iAruba, iCuraçao, i-Mauritania, iLiberia, iNiger, iBurkina Faso, iRiphabliki yaseCentral Afrika, i-Chad, iYiputa, iMozambique, i-Burundi, iKenya, i-Uganda, i-Ethiopia , Djibouti, Yemen, Qatar, Oman, UAE, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Jordan, Israel, Turkey, Georgia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Thailand, Cambodia, okanye Singapore) urhulumente, owenza ukuxoshwa kweziseko zase-US konke okufuneka ukuba urhulumente awele, okuvutha umjikelezo onobungozi owandisa intukuthelo edumile yaseburhulumenteni base-US. I-US yaqala ukwakha iziseko ezitsha eHonduras kungekudala emva kokubambana kwe-2009.

Umdiliya ukwabalisa ibali elixhalabisayo lobumbano lomkhosi wase-US neCamorra (mafia) eNaples, e-Italiya, ubudlelwane obuye baqhubeka ukusuka kwiMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, eyathi yanyusa ukunyuka kweCamorra - iqela ekuthiwa lithembekile. Kwanele ngumkhosi wase-US ukukhusela izixhobo zenyukliya.

Iziseko ezincinci ezingahlali amashumi amawaka emikhosi, kodwa iimfihlo zokufa okanye iidrones, zinotyekelo lokwenza iimfazwe ngakumbi. Imfazwe yedrone e-Yemen ebhalwe impumelelo nguMongameli u-Obama kulo nyaka uphelileyo incede yabangela imfazwe enkulu.

Ngapha koko, ndifuna ukuntywila ngeakhawunti yeVine yokuzalwa kweSizwe esiSiseko, kuba ndicinga ukuba ukuququzelelwa kwemfazwe ebi kakhulu kwakha kwabandakanyeka. Umdiliya unika imbali yamaziko aseMelika kumazwe aseMelika aseMelika, ukuqala ngo-1785 kwaye esaphila namhlanje ngolwimi lwamajoni ase-US aphesheya "kummandla waseNdiya." Kodwa ke uMdiliya ubeka umhla wokuzalwa kolawulo lwangoku lwangoku ngoSeptemba 2, 1940, xa uMongameli uFranklin Roosevelt athengisa ngeenqanawa ezindala zaseBritane ngokutshintshiselana ngeeCaribbean, iBermudan, kunye neziseko zaseCanada ezaziza kusetyenziswa okanye emva kwemfazwe. . Kodwa ndingathanda ukubuyisa ixesha kancinci.

Xa i-FDR ya tyelela iPearl Harbour (engekho inxalenye ye-United States) ngoJulayi 28, i-1934, umkhosi waseJapan wabonisa ukukhathazeka. Ngokubanzi Kunishiga Tanaka wabhala kule Umkhangisi waseJapan, ukuchasana nokwakhiwa kweenqwelo zaseMerika kunye nokudalwa kweziseko ezongezelelweyo e-Alaska kunye neAleutian Islands (kwaye ayikho inxalenye ye-United States): "Ukuziphatha okunjalo okuthukayo kusenza sikhankasele. Kusenza sicinge ukuba ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kukhuthazwa ngenjongo ePacific. Kuzisola kakhulu. "

Emva koko, ngo-Matshi 1935, uRoosevelt wanika i-Wake Island kwi-US Navy kwaye wamnika iPam Am Airways imvume yokwakha i-Wake Island, eMidway Island naseGuam. Abalawuli bezempi baseJapan babhengeza ukuba baphazamiseka kwaye bajonge le mijelo njengengozi. Kwakhona nabalandeli bezoxolo eMelika. Ngenyanga ezayo, uRoosevelt wayecebise imidlalo yemfazwe kunye neendlela ezikufutshane neAleutian Islands kunye neMidway Island. Ngenyanga elandelayo, abavukeli bezoxolo babehamba eNew York bexela ubuhlobo kunye neJapan. UNorman Thomas wabhala kwi-1935: "Indoda evela eMars eyazibona indlela abantu abahlupheke ngayo kwimfazwe yokugqibela kunye nokuba bazimisele kangakanani ukulungiselela imfazwe eyalandelayo, abayaziyo baya kuba nzima, babeza kufikelela kwisigqibo sokuba wayejonge lokukhosela kwenyango. "AmaJapan ahlasela iWake Island emva kweentsuku ezine emva kokuhlasela iPearl Harbor.

Ngayiphi na imeko, uVine walatha kubungangamsha beMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi njengemfazwe engazange iphele, kwanasemva kokuba kusithiwa iphelile iMfazwe ebandayo. Kutheni le nto amajoni engazange afike ekhaya? Kutheni le nto beqhubeka nokusasaza iinqaba zabo "kwiIndiya yeIndiya," de i-US ibe neziseko ezingaphezulu kwamanye amazwe kunabo nabuphi na obunye ubukumkani kwimbali, nanjengoko liphelile ixesha lokoyisa umhlaba, nanjengoko icandelo labemi liyekile ukucinga "AmaNdiya" kunye nabanye abantu bamanye amazwe njengezilwanyana ezingaphantsi komntu ezingenamalungelo afanelekileyo okuhlonitshwa?

Isizathu esinye, esibhalwe kakuhle nguMdiliya, sisizathu esinye nesisisiseko esikhulu saseMelika eGuantanamo, eCuba, esisetyenziselwa ukuvalela abantu ngaphandle kwezilingo. Ngokulungiselela iimfazwe kwiindawo zangaphandle, i-US ihlala ikwazi ukuphepha zonke iintlobo zezithintelo ezisemthethweni-kubandakanya ezabasebenzi kunye nokusingqongileyo, singasathethi ke ngobuhenyu. I-GIs ehlala eJamani ibhekisele kudlwengulo "njengokukhulula i-blonde," kwaye indawo yentlekele ejikeleze iziseko zase-US iqhubekile nanamhlanje, ngaphandle kwesigqibo e-1945 sokuqalisa ukuthumela iintsapho ukuba zihlale namajoni-umgaqo-nkqubo ngoku kubandakanya ukuhambisa lonke ijoni Izinto zehlabathi kubandakanya iimoto kwihlabathi liphela kunye nabo, singasathethi ke ngokubonelela ngononophelo lwempilo kumhlawuli omnye kunye nokuphinda kabini inkcitho yokufunda esikolweni njengomndilili wesizwe ekhaya. Oonongogo abakhonza kwiziseko zase-US eMzantsi Korea nakwezinye iindawo bahlala bengamakhoboka. I-Philippines, ene-US "encedisa" ixesha elide njengaye wonke umntu, ibonelela ngabasebenzi bekhontraktha kwiziseko zase-US, ukupheka, ukucoca, nayo yonke enye into-kwaye uninzi loonongogo abangeniswa kwamanye amazwe, njenge-South Korea.

Iziza ezizimeleyo kwaye ezingekho mthethweni ziquka indawo apho umkhosi waseMelika ukhupha abantu basekuhlaleni. Ezi zibandakanya iziseko e-Diego Garcia, eGreenland, e-Alaska, eHawaii, ePanama, ePuerto Rico, e-Marshall Islands, e-Guam, ePhilippines, e-Okinawa, nase-South Korea - kunye nabantu abaxoshwa nje ngoku nje nge-2006 eMzantsi Korea.

Kwimakhulu kwamanye amasayithi apho abantu abazange baxoshwe khona, kunokufuna ukuba kubekho. Iziseko ezisemzini ziye zahlaselwa yingozi. Ukuvutha komlilo, izixhobo ezingabonakaliyo, iibhokhwe zijikelele emanzini asemhlabeni-ezi zonke indawo. I-fuel fuel leak e-Kirkland Air Force Base e-Albuquerque, i-NM, iqalile kwi-1953 kwaye yafunyanwa kwi-1999, yaye yayingaphindwe kabini ubukhulu be-Exxon Valdez. Iziseko zase-US ngaphakathi e-United States ziye zaphazamisa imvelo, kodwa kungekhona kwizinga lala mazwe angaphandle. Isithuthi esivela ku-Diego Garcia ukuqhuma i-Afghanistan kwi-2001 yatshitshiswa yaya ephantsi kolwandle kunye nemimandla ye-85-pound. Kwaye ubomi obuqhelekileyo ubomi buthatha umthwalo; Amajoni aseUnited States avelisa amaxesha amaninzi kathathu umlambo ngamnye njengabahlali bendawo, umzekelo, Okinawa.

Ukungahoywa kwabantu kunye nomhlaba kunye nolwandle lwakhiwe kwakuloo mbono yeziseko zangaphandle. I-United States ayinakuze inyamezele esinye isiseko semida ngaphakathi kwemida yayo, kodwa ibabeka e-Okinawa, eMzantsi Korea, e-Italiya, kwiiPhilippines, e-Iraqis nakwabanye ngaphandle koqhanqalazo olukhulu. U-Vine uthathe abanye babafundi bakhe wayokudibana negosa le-US State Department, u-Kevin Maher, owabacacisela ukuba iziseko zase-US eJapan zigxile e-Okinawa kuba yayiyi "Puerto Rico yase-Japan" apho abantu "banesikhumba esimnyama, “Zimfutshane,” kwaye zine "aksenti"

Isizwe soLwazi yincwadi emele ukufundwa- kunye neemephu zayo zibonwe ngumntu wonke. Ndinqwenela ukuba uVine angabhali "ukubanjwa kweRussia eCrimea" xa ebhekisa kwivoti yasimahla nevulekileyo esemthethweni, ngakumbi kwimeko yencwadi emalunga neziseko zomkhosi. Kwaye ndinqwenela ukuba angasebenzisi kuphela amanqaku okuzingca ngokubhekisele kurhwebo lwezemali. Ewe i-United States inokutshintshwa ibe bhetele ngokulungiswa kwakhona kwenkcitho yezomkhosi, kodwa i-United States kunye nehlabathi zombini zinokuba njalo. Yimali eninzi leyo.

Kodwa le ncwadi iya kuba sisibonelelo esixabisekileyo kwiminyaka ezayo. Ikwabandakanya, kufanele ukuba ndiqaphele, iakhawunti ebalaseleyo yeminye imizabalazo yokuchasana ethi kwezinye iimeko ivale iziseko okanye izilinganise. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba kule veki, kwesokuqala kwizigqibo ezibini eziyimfuneko, inkundla yase-Italiya inayo lawula eyabantu, ngokuchasene nolwakhiwo lomkhosi wamanzi wase-US kwizixhobo zonxibelelwano eSicily.

Ngaloo nyanga, ii-Chiefs of Staff Joint US ishicilelwe "Isicwangciso-qhinga seSizwe seMikhosi yaseMelika eMelika-2015." Inike izizathu zokuba ubusomkhosi buxhomeke malunga namazwe amane, ukuqala ngeRussia, eyityhola "ngokunyanzela ukufezekisa iinjongo zayo," into iPentagon ayinakuze iyenze! Emva koko waxoka ukuba i-Iran "ilandela" izixhobo zenyukliya, ibango ekungekho bungqina kulo. Emva koko yatsho ukuba iidemon zaseNyakatho Korea ngenye imini "ziya kusongela ilizwe labo laseMelika." Ekugqibeleni, yathi i-China "yongeza ukungavisisani kwingingqi yeAsia-Pacific." Eli “Cebo” lavuma ukuba akukho nalinye kula mazwe mane elalifuna ukulwa neUnited States. "Nangona kunjalo, nganye nganye ibeka inkxalabo enkulu kwezokhuseleko," yatsho.

Ke, umntu unokongeza, ngaba isiseko ngasinye sase-US sangaphandle. Incwadi kaVine iphela ngezindululo ezigqwesileyo zotshintsho, endinokongeza kuzo kuphela: Umgaqo ocetywayo kaSmedley Butler wokuba umkhosi wase-US ungavunyelwa ukuba uhambe ngaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezingama-200 usuka eUnited States.

UDavid Vine lundwendwe lwale veki Intetho yeRadio yeSizwe.