Kumabonakude, sifumene izihloko ezingaphezulu kwe-1,100 ezifumene inkxaso yePentagon – ezingama-900 kuzo ukusukela ngo-2005, ukusuka ku-'Flight 93' ukuya 'ku-Ice Road Truckers' kunye 'nabafazi bomkhosi'.
NguMateyu Alford
Urhulumente wase-US kunye hollywood bekusoloko kukufutshane. IWashington DC kudala ingumthombo we izicwangciso ezibangela umdla kubenzi befilimu kunye ne-LA ibe ngumboneleli onesisa we ubukhazikhazi kunye ne-glitz kudidi lwezopolitiko.
Kodwa zixhomekeke kangakanani ezi ndawo zimbini zempembelelo yaseMelika? Uphononongo lwamaxwebhu afihliweyo ngaphambili lubonisa ukuba impendulo yile: kakhulu.
We ingabonisa ngoku ukuba ubudlelwane phakathi kokhuseleko lwesizwe lwase-US kunye neHollywood bunzulu kakhulu kwaye bezopolitiko ngaphezu kokuba nabani na wakha wavuma.
Ingumcimbi werekhodi yoluntu ukuba i-Pentagon ibe neofisi yokudibanisa ukuzonwabisa ukususela ngo-1948. I-Arhente ye-Intelligence Agency (CIA) yaseka indawo efanayo kwi-1996. Nangona kwaziwa ukuba ngamanye amaxesha bacela utshintsho lweskripthi ngokutshintshiselana neengcebiso, imvume sebenzisa iindawo, kunye nezixhobo ezifana nabathwali beenqwelo-moya, ngasinye sabonakala singenzi nto, kwaye ubukhulu becala iindima ze-apolitical.
Iifayile sizifumene, ikakhulu ngoMthetho weNkululeko yoLwazi wase-US, ubonisa ukuba phakathi kwe-1911 kunye ne-2017, ngaphezu kwe-800 yeefilimu ezibonisayo zifumene inkxaso kwiSebe lezoKhuselo likaRhulumente wase-US (i-DoD), inani eliphezulu kakhulu uqikelelo lwangaphambili lubonisa. Ezi ziquka ii-franchise ze-blockbuster ezifana Abaguquleli, Indoda yentsimbi, yaye I-Terminator.
Kumabonakude, sifumene ngaphezulu kwe-1,100 izihloko ezifumene inkxaso yePentagon - ama-900 kuzo ukusukela ngo-2005, ukusuka Flight 93 ukuba Ice Road Truckers ukuba Abafazi bomkhosi.
Xa sibandakanya iziqendu ezizimeleyo zemiboniso eqhuba ixesha elide njenge 24, Kwilizwe, yaye NCIS, kunye neempembelelo zeminye imibutho emikhulu efana ne-FBI kunye ne-White House, sinokuseka ngokungathandabuzekiyo okokuqala ukuba urhulumente welizwe lokhuseleko uxhase amawaka eeyure zokuzonwabisa.
Ngokwenxalenye yayo, iCIA iye yancedisa kwimiboniso bhanyabhanya engama-60 kunye nomabonakude ukusukela ekusekweni kwayo ngo-1947. Eli linani elingaphantsi kakhulu kuneDoD's kodwa indima yalo nangona kunjalo ibibalulekile.
I-CIA yenze umzamo omkhulu wokuthintela ukubonakaliswa kobukho bayo kuyo yonke i-1940s kunye ne-1950s. Oku kuthetha ukuba yayingekho kwaphela kwinkcubeko yemiboniso bhanyabhanya kunye nomabonakude de kube ngumfanekiso odlulayo weplakhi efihlakeleyo ka-Alfred Hitchcock. Emantla ngokuMntla-ntshona ngowe-1959, njengombhali-mbali uSimon Willmetts ityhilwe kunyaka ophelileyo.
I-CIA kungekudala yanyamezela ukukhukuliseka kwenkxaso yoluntu, ngelixa iHollywood iphosa iarhente njenge-villain kwimifanekiso yeparanoid Iintsuku ezintathu zeCondor kwaye Umbono weParallax ngeminyaka yoo-1970 ukuya kutsho koo-1980.
Xa i-CIA yaseka iofisi yokunxibelelana nokuzonwabisa kwi-1996, yenza ixesha elilahlekileyo, igxininise kakhulu kwifilimu ye-Al Pacino. I-Recruit kunye nefilimu yokubulawa kuka-Osama bin Laden NgamaThathu amnyama. Iimemo ezivuzayo zabucala ipapashwe ngugxa wethu uTricia Jenkins ngo-2016, kunye nezinye iimemo ezipapashwe ngo-2013 ngamajelo aqhelekileyo, zibonisa ukuba nganye kwezi mveliso zaphenjelelwa kakhulu ngamagosa karhulumente. Zombini zonyuse okanye zanyusa izoyikiso zehlabathi lokwenyani kwaye zathomalalisa ubugwenxa bukarhulumente.
Olunye lolona tshintsho lumangalisayo, nangona kunjalo, salufumana kudliwano-ndlebe olungapapashwanga malunga nomdlalo ohlekisayo Ukudibana nabazali. I-CIA ivumile ukuba ibuze ukuba umlinganiswa kaRobert De Niro akanalo uluhlu oloyikisayo lweencwadi zentuthumbo zearhente.
Kwaye akufuneki sizibone iinkonzo ezifihlakeleyo njengento nje engenzi nto, engenamsebenzi okanye engasebenziyo ngexesha leminyaka yenkcubeko okanye iziphumo zayo. Babesakwazi ukuphazamisa umfanekiso kaMarlon Brando malunga ne Iran-Contra scandal (apho i-US ngokungekho mthethweni wathengisa iingalo Iran) ngokuseka inkampani yangaphambili eqhutywa nguColonel Oliver North ukuya ukoyisa uBrando ngamalungelo, intatheli uNicholas Shou kutshanje ibango.
Ukunqunyulwa komlawuli (CIA).
Umbuso wokhuseleko lwesizwe unempembelelo enkulu, ngamanye amaxesha encinci, kwinto evezwa yiHollywood kwezopolitiko. Vula Hulk, i-DoD icele ukuguqulwa kweskripthi "esihle kakhulu", ngokuhambelana namanqaku eskripthi esiwafumene ngeNkululeko yoLwazi. Ezi ziquka ukuhlukanisa umkhosi kwiilabhoratri ezoyikekayo ezenza "i-monster" kunye nokutshintsha igama lekhowudi yokusebenza ukubamba i-Hulk ukusuka "kwisandla se-ranch" ukuya "kwindoda enomsindo". I-Ranch Hand yayiligama lenkqubo yokwenyani yemfazwe yeekhemikhali ngexesha lemfazwe yaseVietnam.
Ekwenzeni imuvi yasemzini Iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano, i-Pentagon "ithethathethane malunga noluntu malunga nawo onke amacandelo omkhosi", ngokutsho kwedatha esiyifumeneyo. Isuse indawo ekwiskripthi sokuqala apho umkhosi uxhalabile ukuba impucuko yasemzini iya kutshabalalisa uMhlaba “ngomatshini womhla wentshabalalo”, imbono egxothiweyo ngumlinganiswa kaJodie Foster njenge “paranoia ephuma kwiMfazwe Yomlomo”.
Indima yelizwe lokhuseleko lwesizwe ekubumbeni ukuzonwabisa kwesikrini ijongelwe phantsi kwaye uviwo lwayo lugxininiswe ixesha elide izandla ezimbalwa ngokuphawulekayo. Ubuqhetseba beencwadi zamva nje bubuyele umva kodwa ngamaqhezu kwaye kancinci. Ukuphumelela kwangaphambili kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane, xa ababhali-mbali bachongiwe Iinzame eziyimpumelelo ngeminyaka yoo-1950 ngumntu omkhulu kwi-studio yefilimu ePhakamileyo ukukhuthaza amabali alungele umfowunelwa weCIA owaziwa ngokuba ngu “Owen” kuphela.
Amaxwebhu amatsha e-FOI anika ingqiqo engcono kakhulu yobungakanani bemisebenzi karhulumente kushishino lokuzonwabisa, esiyibonisa ecaleni. izifundo ezininzi zamatyala amatsha. Kodwa okwangoku asikalazi ifuthe elithile likarhulumente kwinxalenye enkulu yeefilimu kunye nemiboniso. Umkhosi wamanzi waseMelika I-Marine Corps yodwa yavuma kuthi ukuba kukho iibhokisi ezingama-90 zemathiriyeli efanelekileyo kwindawo yayo yokugcina. Urhulumente uye wabonakala elumke ngokukhethekileyo ekuphepheni ukubhala phantsi iinkcukacha zokwenene zotshintsho olwenziwe kwimibhalo yenkulungwane yama-21.
Amagosa karhulumente achaze iWashington DC kunye neHollywood njenge "iphuma kwiDNA enye" kunye nekomkhulu njengokuba linjalo "IHollywood yabantu ababi". Loo DNA imbi iye yazinzisa kude. Kubonakala ngathi izixeko ezibini ezikumacala ahlukeneyo eUnited States zisondelelene kunokuba besicinga.
UMatthew Alford ngumfundi ofundisayo kwipropaganda kunye nethiyori kwiDyunivesithi yaseBath. Esi siqwenga savela ekuqaleni Ingxoxo
