Ukususela kwiMfazwe kuya kuXolo: Isikhokelo kwiMinyaka emakhulu ezayo

NguKent Shifferd

Amanqaku alungiselelwe nguRuss Faure-Brac

            Kule ncwadi, uShifferd wenza umsebenzi omkhulu wokuhlalutya imfazwe kunye nokuxoxa ngembali yoxolo kunye neentshukumo ezingenabundlobongela. Kwisahluko 9, Ukupheliswa kweMfazwe kunye nokwakha iNkqubo yoXolo eXineneyo, ubeka indlela esinokufumana ngayo ukusuka kule ndawo sikuyo namhlanje ukuya kwihlabathi elinoxolo. Unemibono emininzi efanayo naleyo isencwadini yam, Utshintsho kuxolo, kodwa uya kwiinkcukacha ezininzi kwiingcamango zam.

Oku kulandelayo isishwankathelo seengongoma zakhe eziphambili.

A. Izimvo ngokubanzi

• Ingqungquthela yencwadi yakhe kukuba sinethuba elihle lokulwa nemfazwe kwiminyaka ekhulwini elizayo.

 

• Ukuphelisa imfazwe kuya kufuneka sibe ne "Inkcubeko yoxolo" esekelwe kumaziko ethu, ixabiso kunye neenkolelo.

 

• Uhambo olubanzi olusekelwe eluxolweni luya kubangela abantu ukuba bayeke imikhwa emidala, nangona kunjalo bengenakunceda.

 

• Uxolo kufuneka lubekiwe, luyeke, lomelele, lomelele kwaye lisebenze. Amalungu ayo ahlukeneyo kufuneka abuyelane omnye komnye ukuze inkqubo yomelezwe kwaye ukusilela kwelinye icandelo kungakhokeleli ekusileleni kwenkqubo. Ukudala inkqubo yoxolo kuya kwenzeka kumanqanaba amaninzi kwaye rhoqo ngaxeshanye, rhoqo ngeendlela ezigqagqeneyo.

 

• Imfazwe kunye neenkqubo zoxolo zihlala kunye nokuqhubeka okuvela kwiMfazwe eSitalini (imfazwe yeyona nto iphambili) ukuya kwiMfazwe engaqinisekanga (imigaqo yemfazwe ihlala ngoxolo) kuXolo olungazinzanga (imigaqo yoxolo ihlala kunye nemfazwe) kunye noXolo oluzinzileyo (uxolo yinto eqhelekileyo) . Namhlanje sikho kwisigaba seMfazwe esitalini kwaye kufuneka siye kwinqanaba loXolo oluZinzileyo- inkqubo yoxolo kwihlabathi liphela.

 

• Sivele sininzi ezininzi kwiinkqubo zoxolo; Sifuna nje ukubeka iindidi ndawonye.

 

• Uxolo luyakwenzeka ngokukhawuleza kuba xa iinkqubo zitshintsha isigaba, zitshintsha ngokukhawuleza, njengendlela ukuguquka kwamanzi kukhanda xa ubushushu behla kwi-33 ukuya kwi-degrees 32.

 

• Ezi zilandelayo zizinto eziphambili ekuhambeni kwinkcubeko yoxolo.

 

 

B. Iziko / uLawulo / uLwakhiwo loMthetho

 

1. Imfazwe yangaphandle

Ukunyanzela iNkundla yezoBulungisa yaMazwe ngaMazwe ukuba ikhuphe zonke iintlobo zemfazwe, kubandakanya imfazwe yamakhaya. Oomasipala, amazwe, amaqela ezenkolo kunye namaqela abemi kuyakufuneka bapasise izigqibo ezixhasa olo tshintsho ukuzisa uxinzelelo kwinkundla nakwi-UN General Assembly. Emva koko i-General Assembly kufuneka ipasise isibhengezo esifanayo kwaye itshintshe i-Charter yayo, ukuze iqinisekiswe ekugqibeleni ngamazwe angamalungu. Abanye banokuphikisa ukuba kulilize ukupasisa umthetho ongenakunyanzeliswa kwangoko, kodwa inkqubo kufuneka iqale kwenye indawo.

 

1. I-External Trade Trade Arms

Ukwenza umnqophiso othi uhwebo lwezixhobo lulwaphulo-mthetho, lubophelelwa yiNkundla yezoPhulo lwaMazwe ngamazwe kwaye lubekwe iliso kwiiofisi zamapolisa ezikhoyo kumazwe ngamazwe.

 

3. Yomeleza iZizwe eziManyeneyo

• Yakha iMbutho yamaPolisa aMazwe ngamazwe

IZizwe eziManyeneyo kufuneka zilungise uMgaqo-siseko wazo ukuguqula iiyunithi zawo zexeshana zokugcina uxolo e-UN zibe ngamapolisa asisigxina. Kuza kubakho "uMkhosi woXolo oluNgxamisekileyo" wama-10,00 ukuya kuma-15,000 amajoni aqeqeshwe kwimo engxamisekileyo yokuphendula, enokusetyenziswa kwiiyure ezingama-48 ukucima "imililo yebrashi" ngaphambi kokuba baphume kulawulo. Umkhosi oqhelekileyo wokugcina uxolo we-UN Blue Helmet ungathunyelwa, ukuba kukho imfuneko, ixesha elide.

 

• Ukwandisa Ubulungu kwiBhunga loKhuseleko

Yongeza amalungu asisigxina ukusuka kumazantsi ehlabathi kwiBhunga lezoKhuseleko (amalungu akhoyo yi-US, France, England, China ne Russia). Yongeza iJapan neJamani, amagunya amakhulu afunyenwe ngoku kwi-WWII. Ukuphelisa amandla e-veto elungu elinye ngokusebenza ngobukhulu obungama-75-80% yamalungu avotayo.

 

• Yongeza iQumrhu leThathu

Yongeza iPalamente yeSizwe, ekhethwe ngabemi belizwe elihlukeneyo, elenza ibhodi yeengcebiso kwi-General Assembly kunye neBhunga lezoKhuseleko.

 

• Yakha i-Agent Management Agent

I-CMA iya kubakho kwi-Secretariat ye-UN ukubeka iliso kwihlabathi kunye nokunika ingxelo ngeendlela eziqhelekileyo ezikhokelela kwimibango ezayo (Ngaba i-CIA yenza oku ngoku?).

 

• Ukufumana Amandla okuRhafu

I-UN kufuneka ibe negunya lokurhafisa lokunyusa imali kwimizamo yalo emitsha. Irhafu encinci kwimicimbi embalwa yamazwe aphesheya enjengokufowuna, ukuposa, ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya kumazwe aphesheya okanye iposi ye-elektroniki iyakonyusa uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwe-UN kwaye ikhulule amazwe ambalwa azizityebi ekubeni ngabaxhasi bayo abakhulu.

 

1.  Yongeza ukuHlanywa koMbambano kunye neZakhiwo zoMlambo

Yongeza ukuxilwa kweengxabano kunye nezakhiwo zokudibanisa kwezinye izakhiwo zolawulo lwengingqi, ezifana ne-European Union, i-Organisation of States States, i-African Union kunye neenkundla zemimandla eyahlukeneyo.

 

1. Iimpawu zoMhlaba wamaZandla

Onke amagunya aphambili, kubandakanya i-US, kufuneka atyikitye isivumelwano esele sikhona esilawula ungquzulwano. Yenza izivumelwano ezintsha zokuthintela izixhobo kwindawo engaphandle, ukuphelisa izixhobo zenyukliya kunye nokumisa ngokusisigxina kwimveliso yezinto ezinqabileyo.

 

1. Yenza i-"Non-provocative Defense"

Yenza imeko engeyoyikiso kukhuseleko lwethu lwesizwe. Oko kuthetha ukurhoxa kwiziseko zomkhosi kunye namazibuko kwihlabathi liphela kwaye ubeka ugxininiso kwizixhobo ezikhuselayo (okt, akukho mijukujelwa mide kunye neebhombu, akukho mikhosi mide yomkhosi wamanzi). Hlanganisa iingxoxo zehlabathi jikelele ekunciphiseni umkhosi. Funa iminyaka elishumi ubambelele kwizixhobo ezitsha emva koko ngokuthe ngcembe, uthabathe amanyathelo ngezivumelwano, ususe iiklasi kunye neenombolo zezixhobo. Sika ukuhanjiswa kweengalo ngokukhawuleza ngeli xesha.

Ukwenza oku kwenzeke kuyakufuna isicwangciso esiphezulu kwinxalenye yoluntu yoluntu jikelele ukukhuthaza uorhulumente ukuba enze amanyathelo amaninzi, kuba ngamnye uya kukhangeka ukuthatha amanyathelo okuqala nokuba ahambe.

 

1. Qalisa iNkonzo yeSizwe

Qalisa imfuno yenkonzo yonkqantosi eya kunika uqeqesho kubantu abadala abakwaziyo ekukhuseleni ngokusesikweni, ngokucwangcisa amacebo, kunye neembali zokhuselo olungaphelelanga.

 

1. Yakha iNqanaba leKhabhinethi kwiSebe loXolo

Isebe loxolo liya kuncedisa umongameli ngokugxininisa kwezinye iindlela zokunyanzeliswa kwezempi kwiimeko ezinokungqubuzana, ukuphathwa kobugebengu njengezobugqwetha kunokuba kwenziwe imfazwe.

 

1. Qalisa kwiZizwe ngezizwe "I-arm-arm"

Ukuthintela ukungabikho kwemisebenzi, amazwe azakutya imali ekuqeqesheni abo basebenza kumzi mveliso weengalo, ejolise kwimizi-mveliso emitsha njengamandla azinzileyo. Banokutyala imali yokuqalisa kwezo shishino, ngokuthe ngcembe balumle uqoqosho kude nokuxhomekeka kwizivumelwano zomkhosi. IZiko laMazwe ngaMazwe lokuGuqulwa kweBonn yenye yemibutho emininzi esebenza kumbandela wokuguqulwa kwemizi-mveliso yezokhuselo.

[I-Bonn International Centre for Conversion (BICC) yinhlangano emelekileyo, engenzi nzuzo ezinikezele ekukhuthazeni uxolo nophuhliso ngokusebenzisa inguqu esebenzayo neyenzileyo yezinto ezinxulumene nempi, iimpahla, imisebenzi kunye neenkqubo. I-BICC iququzelela uphando lwazo malunga neentathu ezihloko: izixhobo, ukwakha uxolo kunye nokuxabana. Abasebenzi bayo bamazwe ngamazwe baphathelene nomsebenzi wokubonisana, unikezela oorhulumente, ii-NGOs kunye namanye imibutho karhulumente okanye yabucala ngeencomo zomgaqo-nkqubo, imisebenzi yoqeqesho kunye nomsebenzi weprojekthi.

 

10. Yenza iziXeko kunye naMazwe

Izixeko kunye namazwe aya kubhengeza imimandla yasimahla, njengemimandla emininzi ekhoyo engenazinyukliya, imimandla engenazixhobo kunye nemimandla yoxolo. Baza kuseka amasebe abo oxolo; beka iinkomfa, bezisa abemi kunye neengcali kunye ukuze baqonde ubundlobongela kwaye bacwangcise amacebo okuqala ukubunciphisa kwiindawo zabo; ukwandisa iinkqubo zedolophu; kunye nokubonelela ngoqeqesho lokusombulula ungquzulwano noqeqesho loontanga kubafundi kwizikolo zikarhulumente.

 

11. Ukwandisa Uqeqesho lweeNyuvesi

Ukwandisa inzululwazi eqhutywe phambili yezemfundo kwiikholeji nakwiyunivesithi.

 

12. Ukuthintela ukufunyanwa kwabezomkhosi

Ukuqhawula umkhosi wempi kunye nokukhupha iiprogram ze-ROTC ezikolweni nakwiiyunivesithi.

 

C. Indima yeeNGO

Amawakawaka emibutho engekho phantsi korhulumente yamazwe aphesheya (ii-NGO's) basebenzela uxolo, ubulungisa kunye noncedo lophuhliso, besenza uluntu lwasekuhlaleni okokuqala ngqa kwimbali. Le mibutho yonyusa intsebenziswano yabemi ngokunqumla imida emidala nangaphezulu engasebenziyo yelizwe. Umhlaba osekwe kubemi uza kubakho ngokukhawuleza.

 

D. Ukungabinabundlobongela, abaqeqeshiweyo, abemi bokwenza uxolo kubemi

Ezinye ze-NGOs eziphumeleleyo zokugcina uxolo kunye nokulawulwa kobundlobongela ziye "zancedisana nemibutho," njenge-Peace Brigades International kunye ne-Nonviolent Peaceforce. Banobuninzi boxolo lwamazwe aphesheya abahlali abaqeqeshelwe ukungabinabundlobongela abaya kwiindawo ezinengxabano ukuthintela ukufa nokukhusela amalungelo abantu, ngaloo ndlela benza indawo yamaqela asekuhlaleni ukuba afune isisombululo soxolo seengxabano zabo. Bajonge ukupheliswa kwemililo kwaye bakhusele ukhuseleko lwabantu abangalwiyo.

 

E. Cinga iitanki

Elinye icandelo lenkcubeko ephuhlisayo yoxolo ziitanki zokucinga ezijolise kuphando loxolo kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo woxolo, njenge-Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). Akuzange nanini na amandla obuninzi bengqondo ajolise ekuqondeni izizathu kunye neemeko zoxolo kuyo yonke imilinganiselo.

[Phawula: Ukumiselwa kwi-1966, i-SIPRI liziko elizimeleyo lamazwe aseSweden, kunye nabasebenzi malunga nabaphenyi be-40 kunye nabancedisi bezophando abazinikele ekuphandululeni ukungquzulwano, ukulawulwa kweengalo kunye nokungaxhatshazi. I-SIPRI igcina iinkcukacha ezinkulu kwiinkcitho zempi, iicandelo lokuvelisa izixhobo, ukutshintshwa kweengalo, imichiza kunye ne-biological warfare, ukulawulwa kwamanye amazwe kunye namazwe ngamazwe, izivumelwano zolawulo lwezandla, iziganeko zolawulo lwezandla, iziganeko zokulawula izikhali, ukuqhuma kwezempi kunye nokuqhuma kwezixhobo zenukliya.

Ku-2012 SIPRI North America yavulwa eWashington DC ukuqinisa uphando eMntla Melika kwimpikiswano, izixhobo, ukulawula iingalo kunye nokungaxhatshazi.]

 

F. Iinkokeli zezeNkolo

Iinkokeli zonqulo ziya kuba ngabadlali ababalulekileyo ekwakheni inkcubeko yoxolo. Iinkonzo ezinkulu kufuneka zigxininise kwiimfundiso zoxolo kwizithethe zazo kwaye ziyeke ukuhlonipha kunye nokuhlonipha iimfundiso ezindala malunga nobundlobongela. Izibhalo ezithile kuya kufuneka zingahoywa okanye ziqondwe njengezexesha elahluke kakhulu kwaye zisebenzela iimfuno ezingasasebenziyo. Iicawa zamaKristu ziya kufuna ukuhamba kude nemfazwe engcwele kunye nemfundiso yemfazwe nje. AmaSilamsi kuya kufuneka abeke ugxininiso lwe-jihad kumzabalazo wangaphakathi wobulungisa kwaye bayeke, bona, imfundiso yemfazwe nje.

 

G. Okunye 

• Ukubeka i-GDP ngenye inkcazo yenkqubela phambili, njenge-Indicator Yenkqubela Yeyona Nqobo (GPI).
• Ukuguqulwa kwe-World Trade Organisation kangangokuba ayikwazi ukwenza izivumelwano zokuthengisa zamahhala ezifana ne-Trans Pacific Partnership (i-TPP) ewongamele imithetho yesizwe ekhusela imimandla kunye namalungelo abasebenzi.
• Iintlanga ezinenhlanhla kufuneka zivelise ukutya esikhundleni sezinto eziphilayo kunye nokuvula imida yazo kubabaleki abalambileyo.
• I-US kufuneka inegalelo ekupheliseni ubuhlwempu obugqithisileyo. Njengoko inkqubo yemfazwe iyehla kwaye kunenkcitho encinci kwezomkhosi, imali ethe kratya iya kufumaneka kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo kwiingingqi ezihlwempuzekileyo zehlabathi, kusenziwa isidingo esincinci sohlahlo-lwabiwo mali lomkhosi kwindawo efanelekileyo yokuphendula.