NguDavid Swanson, Februwari 25, 2019
Ndi bha liweyo phambi kokuba malunga nobuqhetseba besayensi ye-genetics, ephantse iphosa njengento eyaziwayo. Inkcubeko yethu sele icebisa ukuba u-Oliver Twist angakhula ephakamileyo kwimigangatho ngenxa yezinto zakhe ezizuze njengefa. Kodwa kwixesha apho i-gurus yesayensi kwiifilimu ezithandwayo ziyimfuza, izinto zifumene umthamo.
Incwadi kunye nefilimu ebizwa ngokuba Umfazi wexesha lohambo unikezela ngokucacileyo ngendlela ebonisa ukuba abantu abaninzi bacinga ngamagciwane. Umlinganisi unesiphene "somfuzo" owenza ukuba ahlale ehamba phambili okanye ehamba phambili kwiminyaka ethile okanye iinyanga. Xa eyazi iziganeko zexesha elizayo, njengenombolo ye-lottery yokuphumelela, uyakwazi ukunqoba i-lottery. Kodwa xa iziganeko zikhona. . . kakuhle, nantoni na ngaphandle kweLotter, akakwazi ukuguqula. Ukuba uyazi ukuba unina uya kufa emotweni yemoto, akanako ukumxelela ukuba angangeni emotweni. Xa eyazi ukuba uya kudutshulwa, akanako ukudada.
Ngoku, oku akenzi nto ngakumbi kunokuba kukho naziphi na iingxaki eziqhelekileyo kunye nexesha-ukuhamba kweengcamango (njengokuthi: yintoni eyatshintshwa ngumntu ongeyiphumeli i-lottery?). Okokuthi, asinikezwa naliphi na inkcazo sokuba kutheni angayi kudada okanye athathe unina kwixesha elide, okanye kwenzeka ntoni ukuba wazama. Sixelelwe nje ukuba akukho nto ingatshintshwa. Yonke into imiselwe ngaphambili nangona iyayazi, kwaye imiselwe kuqala kwiijethi - ezigqithiswe kuphela ngumlingo welokotri.
Iimvelaphi zivela kumthombo ongenakwenzeka onjalo. Ezinye i-90% yeegeni zakho zifana neentsholongwane kwi mouse. Ngaphezulu kweepesenti ze-99.9 zeentlobo zakho zegesi zifana nezifo zamagciwane. Ngoko ke, kuncinci kakhulu kuthi okanye iizakhi zethu zegesi ukukhuphisana ngokubhekiselele ekuzaleni, kwaye kwenza ukuba kuninzi ukucinga ukuba ububele kwintlanzi bulawulwa ngumgunyano-geni-u-Darwinism njengoko kuthethwa ukuba ukuziphatha kwezesondo zabantu. Ukongezelela, umzimba wakho uqukethe ii-10 izihlandlo eziliqela zeentsholongwane ezingabantu njengabo bonke; Lezi zifo zezilwanyana ezincinci ezihlala emathunjini akho nakwezinye iindawo-kwaye zichaphazela ubuntu bakho; ngoko utshintsho lwe-epigenetic kwiijenge zakho kwizizukulwana zangaphambili kunye neyakho. Ukwenjenjalo umama wakho, kunye namava akho ngaphambili nangemva kokuzalwa, kunye nokusukela ebuntwaneni bakho, kuquka ukutya kwakho kunye nokungcola kwimeko yakho.
Nangona ukusetyenziswa kakubi komntwana okungaqhelekanga kunokuchaphazela ukuziphatha komntu omdala, ityala elenziwe kwincwadi kaDarcia Narvaez I-Neurobiology kunye nokuPhuculo koMgaqo-woBuntu: iNguquko, iNkcubeko kunye noBulumko, kukuba ukukhulisa umntwana ngokuqhelekileyo kwinkcubeko yanamhlanje yeNtshona kwenza abantu abadala abaneempazamo zokuziphatha eziqhelekileyo zokukhulisa abantwana kumabutho amancinci abazingelayo abazingeli. Silindele ukuba abantwana bacinezeleke, iintsana zikhala, abaninzi beziphathe "njengababini," kunye nabantwana abaselula ukuba bangene kwiintlungu. Sichaza izinto ezinjalo "eziqhelekileyo," nangona kunjalo, ngokubhekiselele kuNarvaez, abaqhelekanga kwiinkcubeko ezincinci-abaqokeleli abazingelayo abakhokelela kuzo zonke iintlobo zabantu.
I-Narvaez ixabisa izinto ezininzi ngaphandle kwamagesi kunye nomntu wabantu bezinye iinkcubeko eziqwalaselwe ngabaNtshonalanga ukuba babe nokuthula ngokungaqondakaliyo: i-Ifaluk yaseMicronesia eyaxhalayika, yatshiswa, yagula ngenxa ye-Hollywood imbonakalo yokubulala uhlobo olwenziwa ngabantwana base-US baye babona amaxesha amaninzi; iSemai yaseMalaysia echaza ukungabikho kobundlobongela kwabahlaselisi ngokuchaza ukuba abahlaseli babenokuba baziphathe kakubi.
Luhlobo luni lwabantwana abaselula lufaka isandla kwisiko esinokuthula? Ukunika amava okumbalwa nje: amava okubelethayo, ukuhlangana kweemfuno ngokukhawuleza, ukuhlala rhoqo kunye nokuthinteka, ukuncelisa nge-4 ubudala, ukuncedisa abantu abadala abadala, inkxaso yokuxhaswa kwezenhlalakahle, kunye nokudlala kwamabala kwiimvelo kunye nabalingani abadlala kwiminyaka emininzi.
UNarvaez uthi abantu abadala banokutshintsha, kwaye mhlawumbi bayavuma ukuba ininzi yethu kufuneka. Oko kukuthi, sinokuziguqula thina, kungekhona nje ukuziphatha kwethu kokukhulisa abantwana. Kodwa uluntu esilwenzile ngoku, ngokudlulela kwexesha elide lobukhohlakeleyo lokwesaba nokuhlupheka, kuye kwabangela abantu abaninzi abanobukhulu becala abanomdla ngokugqithiseleyo owaziwayo nokukhuselekileyo, umqondo wokuphakama, umsindo omkhulu, ukwesaba kakhulu, umnqweno omkhulu wokulawula. Ezi mpawu azikho "ubuntu buntu" naliphi na inkcazo yeli xesha elingenasiphelo, kodwa yile nto abantu abathengisa imfazwe eVenezuela njengothando lokuthandana nokubona kwabo abaphulaphuli.
Incwadi kaNarvaez icebile kwaye ikhulu kwaye ibukeka kwiimpembelelo zenkcubeko ngaphaya kobuntwaneni bentsapho, kubandakanywa namandla amacangelwana acatshulwayo okanye amachule ukuba atshintshe ingqiqo yabantu. Kubalulekile ukuba iibhokhwe zenze ihlabathi libe yindawo engcono kwiimidlalo zema-movie nokuba "kukuzonwabisa nje."
Le ncwadi iqhuba ngolwimi lwe-neurobiology, indawo apho ndibiza khona ukuba akukho buchule. Kulabo baxabisa olo daba, nantsi ke, ukwenza ityala ngokumelene namandla "amagciwane" okanye "imvelo." Le ndlela inokuthi ifike kunye nolwazi oluthile lwenzululwazi. Ukuziphatha komntu okwakuboniswe ngethuba elidlulileyo, umzekelo nguSigmund Freud, akubhekiselwe kuye njengoko kubonisiwe kodwa kunokuba "kulungiswe." Kuphela ukuba bekufunyaniswe kwingqondo 'bekuza kubonwa.'
Nangona kunjalo, ukuhamba kwincwadi kaNarvaez yinto engeyona inzululwazi yokuthi "isisiseko" kunye "nesiseko" kunye "nobuntu bendalo." Iziphumo zokuqhubeka uxinzelelo, kuthiwa, zibukeka ngathi zingabonakali kakuhle ukuba " . "Ingongoma eyenziwa ngumbhali kwindinyana kukuba, kunjalo, ukuba zombini. Kodwa kuphela i-biological iya kuba "yinyani."
Ubuntu bendalo "i-excuse for standby old". Andizange ndixolele okanye ndilibale okanye ndisize okanye ndiyisebenzise okanye ndiyidonsa ibhola okanye ndisindise umama kwi-car crash ngenxa "yobuntu bendalo." Ndicinga ukuba yinto ewonakalisayo nangona umntu ezama ukuchaza ukuba "ngokuhambelana neyona nto izinto eziqhelekileyo okanye ezintle kakhulu ezithandekayo zabaqokeleli abancinci bezingxowankulu. "Enye into, kukho ukudibanisa kweembono ezimbini ezahlukeneyo kule nkcazo. Ngenye into, ingcaciso engekho isidingo segama elitsha, elincinane. Kuba enye into, akukho bungqina bokuba abantu baye bafuna ukuba okanye nokuba sifuna ukuba bafanane. Kwaye, ngaphezu koko, sidinga imilinganiselo ethile ngoku kwaye entsha (jonga ngezantsi).
Ngoku, kukho inkcaso ecacileyo kwimbono yokuba imfazwe ikwiinkcubeko yethu edumileyo kunokuba ibe yimfuza yethu, oko kukuthi iimfazwe zihlala zingathandwa. Mhlawumbi imfazwe ikukuswela kwethu idemokhrasi. Abantu baseOkinawa bavotele enye indawo yomkhosi wase-US kwakhona. Kodwa akukho mntu ubakhathaleleyo. Isiseko siyakhiwa kunjalo. Ndiyakholelwa ukuba zombini iinkcazo zemfazwe ziyinyani. Ngenxa yokusilela kwentando yesininzi, sifuna inkcubeko echasene kakhulu nemfazwe kunale.
Kukho isikhalazo esenziwe yimicimbi yamuva nje kwimbono endiyifumanayo kwincwadi kaNarvaez ukuba umntu onobubele, onobubele, okhuselekile, onokuxhatshazwa ngumntu oziphatha kakuhle. Ukuba nokuziphatha ngoku ngokufanelekileyo kukubandakanyeka ekusebenziseni okungekho sikhokelo ekukhuselweni kwemozulu kunye nemfazwe. Ukuba nayiphi na into, nokuba kungakhathaliseki ukuba nantoni na enye into, kukuziphatha kakubi. Ukuziphatha kwethu kokuziphatha kakubi kuye kwadala le mfuneko yokuziphatha okutsha. Yiyo enye ininzi yezizukulwana ezidlulileyo zabantu. Ubulumko kunye nomzekelo wabo kufuneka, kodwa akwanele.
Ingqondo yam yokuziphatha ingatshintsha ukusuka kwimeko enye ukuya kwenye, njengoko uNarvaez ecebisa, kodwa andifumananga ngokuzenzekelayo ndixhasa inkxaso-mali ye-fossil okanye izixhobo zenukliya. Ngokwenene sinesidingo esiphila kuso sokubaluleka kwengqondo (kunye nokuthobeka ngakumbi). Kwaye sifuna ukuba ifanelwe ukucinga kwehlabathi ukuba siza kuba neeplanethi ehlala kuyo.
