nguGar Smith / Zendalo kwiMfazwe
Kwincwadi yoSuku lweSikhumbuzo esayinwa kwiiNcwadi zeDizili, uDavid Swanson, umseki we World Beyond War kunye nombhali we "Imfazwe Bubuxoki" uthe unethemba lokuba incwadi yakhe iya kusetyenziswa njengencwadi yendlela yokunceda abemi "babone kwaye babhengeze ubuxoki kwangoko." Nangona intetho ye-bellicose iqhubeka kwiiholo zamakomkhulu amaninzi, i-pacifism iya isanda. "UPopu uFrancis uye kwirekhodi esithi 'akukho nto inje ngemfazwe elungileyo' kwaye ndingubani mna ukuba ndingaxoxa noPopu?"
Ekhethekileyo KwabaNgqongileyo abaNxamnye neMfazwe
I-BERKELEY, Calif. (Juni 11, 2016) - Kwincwadi yeSikhumbuzo esayinwe kwiiNcwadi zeDizeli ngoMeyi 29, umlweli woxolo uCindy Sheehan umodareyitha i-Q & A kunye noDavid Swanson, umsunguli we World Beyond War kunye nombhali wencwadi ethi War Is a Lie (ngoku ikuhlelo lwayo lwesibini). USwanson uthe unethemba lokuba incwadi yakhe iya kusetyenziswa njengencwadi yendlela yokunceda abemi "babone kwaye babhengeze ubuxoki kwangoko."
Ngaphandle kwentetho ye-bellicose ephindaphindwa kwiiholo zamakomkhulu amaninzi ehlabathi, ukuchasana nemfazwe kuya kusiba yinto eqhelekileyo. "UPopu uFrancis uye kwirekhodi esithi 'akukho nto inje ngemfazwe elungileyo' kwaye ndingubani mna ukuba ndingaxoxa noPopu?" USwanson wancuma.
Ngokuqubuda kubalandeli bezemidlalo basekhaya, uSwanson wongeze wathi: “Ekuphela kwamagorha endiwaxhasayo ngamagorha eGolden State. Ndifuna nje ukubenza batshintshe igama labo libe yinto enoxolo. "
Inkcubeko yaseMelika yiNkcubeko yeMfazwe
"Yonke imfazwe yimfazwe yasebukhosini," uSwanson uxelele indlu eyayigcwele abantu. “IMfazwe Yehlabathi II ayizange iphele. Iibhombu ezingcwatyiweyo zisafunyanwa kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Ngamanye amaxesha ziyaqhushumba, zibangele iingxwelerha ezongezelelekileyo kumashumi eminyaka emva kwemfazwe ezazithunyelwe kuyo. Kwaye i-US isenayo imikhosi evalelwe kuyo yonke iTheatre yaseYurophu yangaphambili.
“Iimfazwe zimalunga nokulawula umhlaba,” uqhubeke watsho uSwanson. “Kungoko imfazwe ingazange iphele ngokuwohloka kweSoviet Union nokuphela kweMfazwe Yomlomo. Kwakufuneka kufunyanwe isisongelo esitsha ukuze kuqhutyelwe phambili i-impiriyali yase-US.”
Kwaye ngelixa singasenayo iNkqubo yeNkonzo eKhethekileyo esebenzayo, iSwanson ivumile, sisenayo iNkonzo yeNgeniso yaNgaphakathi - elinye ilifa leMfazwe yeHlabathi yesiBini.
Kwiimfazwe zangaphambili, uSwanson wachaza, irhafu yemfazwe yayihlawulwe ngabona bantu bazizityebi baseMelika (eyayilungile nje, kuba yayiludidi lwemizi-mveliso olwaluxhamle ngokungaphephekiyo ekuqhambukeni kweemfazwe). Xa irhafu entsha yemfazwe kwimivuzo yabasebenzi baseMelika yaqaliswa ukuxhasa imfazwe yehlabathi yesibini, yabhengezwa njengekhonkco lethutyana kwimivuzo yabasebenzi. Kodwa endaweni yokuba ithi shwaka emva kokuphela kweemfazwe, irhafu yaba yesisigxina.
Iphulo elibhekiselele kwirhafu jikelele lalikhokelwa nguDonald Duck. USwanson ubhekisele kwintengiso yerhafu yemfazwe eveliswe yiDisney apho uDonald othandabuzayo wacengwa ngempumelelo ukuba akhuphe "irhafu yoloyiso ukulwa ne-Axis."
IHollywood ibetha iiDrum zeMfazwe
Ethetha nezixhobo zanamhlanje zobuxoki zase-US, uSwanson wayigxeka indima yeHollywood kunye nokukhuthaza iifilimu ezifana NgamaThathu amnyama, iPentagon-vetted version yokubulawa kuka-Osama bin Laden. Iziko lomkhosi, kunye noluntu lwezobuntlola, ludlale indima ebalulekileyo ekwaziseni nasekukhokeleni ibali lefilimu.
USheehan wayikhankanya loo nto Uxolo Mama, enye yeencwadi ezisixhenxe azibhalileyo, zazithengiswe kwifandesi ukuze zenziwe kwimuvi nguBrad Pitt. Emva kweminyaka emibini, nangona kunjalo, iprojekthi yarhoxiswa, ngokucacileyo ngenxa yenkxalabo yokuba iimuvi ezichasene nemfazwe aziyi kufumana abaphulaphuli. USheehan ngokukhawuleza wakhula ngokweemvakalelo. Wanqumama ukuze achaze ukuba unyana wakhe uCasey, owafa kwimfazwe yaseIraq engekho mthethweni kaGeorge W. Bush ngoMeyi 29, 2004, “ubeneminyaka engama-37 ubudala namhlanje.”
I-Swanson yatsalela ingqalelo kumboniso bhanyabhanya we-pro-drone wamva nje we-Eye in the Sky njengomnye umzekelo womyalezo we-pro-war. Ngelixa uzama ukuphonononga ukonakala kokuziphatha komonakalo wobambiso (kule meko, ngendlela yentombazana emsulwa edlala ecaleni kwesakhiwo ekujoliswe kuso), imveliso egudisiweyo ekugqibeleni yanceda ekuthetheleleni ukubulawa kwegumbi le-jihadists yotshaba eyaboniswa inkqubo yokunikezela ngeevesti eziqhumayo ukulungiselela ukufela ukholo.
ISwanson inike umxholo owothusayo. “Kwangaloo veki yenziwe yi-Eye in the Sky kumdlalo weqonga e-United States,” utshilo, “abantu abayi-150 eSomalia bavuthelwe ngamasuntswana ziidrones zase-US.”
NjengaseMelika njengeNapalm Pie
“Kufuneka siyikhuphe imfazwe kwinkcubeko yethu,” utshilo uSwanson. Abantu baseMelika baye bafundiswa ukuba bamkele imfazwe njengento eyimfuneko kwaye ingenakuthintelwa xa imbali ibonisa ukuba uninzi lweemfazwe zazilawulwa yimigangatho yezorhwebo enamandla kunye nabadlali be-geopolitical gamers. Khumbula iGulf of Tonkin Resolution? Ngaba uyakhumbula izixhobo zokutshabalalisa? Khumbula i Maine?
USwanson ukhumbuze abaphulaphuli ukuba ukuthetheleleka kwangoku kokungenelela emkhosini kudla ngokuba negama elinye, “iRwanda.” Umbono kukuba bekukho ukubulawa kwabantu eCongo nakwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika ngenxa yokungabikho kokungenelela kwangoko emkhosini eRwanda. Ukuthintela ubugwenxa bexesha elizayo, ukuqiqa kuhamba, kufuneka kube yimfuneko ukuthembela kwangaphambili, ukungenelela okuxhobileyo. Ishiywe ingabuzwanga, yingcinga yokuba amajoni angaphandle ahlasele eRwanda kwaye aqhushumba umhlaba ngeebhombu kunye neerokhethi ngekuphelise ukubulawa emhlabeni okanye kukhokelele ekufeni okumbalwa kunye nokuzinza okukhulu.
"I-US lishishini elinobugebenga," iSwanson yatyhola phambi kokujolisa kwesinye isizathu esithandwa ngamajoni kwihlabathi liphela: ingcinga yemfazwe "engalinganiyo". ISwanson iyayikhaba ingxabano kuba ukusetyenziswa kwelo gama kubonisa ukuba kufuneka kubekho amanqanaba “afanelekileyo” obundlobongela basemkhosini. Ukubulala kusabulala, utshilo uSwanson. Igama elithi “okungalinganiyo” lisebenza nje ukuthethelela “umlinganiselo omncinane wokubulawa kwabantu abaninzi.” Into efanayo kunye nombono ongahambelaniyo "wongenelelo loluntu oluxhobileyo."
USwanson ukhumbule ingxabano malunga nokuvotela ikota yesibini kaGeorge W. Bush. Abaxhasi bakaW baphikisa ngelithi kwakungebobulumko “ukutshintsha amahashe phakathi komlambo.” ISwanson yayibona ngakumbi njengombuzo othi "ungawatshintshi amahashe phakathi kweApocalypse."
Ukuma kwiNdlela yeMfazwe
“Umabonakude usixelela ukuba singabathengi kuqala ze sibe ngabavoti okwesibini. Kodwa inyani kukuba, ukuvota ayisiyiyo yodwa - ingeyiyo neyona ntshukumo yezopolitiko. ” USwanson waqaphela. Yiyo loo nto kwakubalulekile (nemvukelo nkqu) ukuba “uBernie [Sanders] enze izigidi zabantu baseMelika ukuba bangamthobeli umabonwakude wabo.”
USwanson wakhalaza ngokuncipha kwentshukumo echasene nemfazwe e-United States, ebhekisa ukukhula okuqhubekayo kombutho woxolo waseYurophu “owenza i-US ehlazweni.” Ubonge iNetherlands, eye yafaka umngeni ekuqhubekekeni kobukho bezixhobo zenyukliya zase-US eYurophu, kwaye wakhankanya nephulo lokuvala i-airbase yase-US eRamstein eJamani (indawo ephambili kwi-CIA/Pentagon “i-drone ebulalayo” ephikisanayo nengekho mthethweni. Inkqubo eqhubeka nokubulala amawakawaka abantu abamsulwa kwaye iqhube ukuqeshwa kwentshaba zaseWashington kwihlabathi liphela). Ngolwazi oluthe vetshe ngephulo likaRamstein, bona i-rootsaction.org.
Njengabaninzi ngasekhohlo, uSwanson uyamdelela uHillary Clinton kunye nomsebenzi wakhe wokuba ngummeli waseWall Street kunye ne-popologetic Nouveau Cold Warrior. Kwaye, uSwanson ubonisa, uBernie Sanders naye uyasilela xa kufikwa kwizisombululo ezingenabundlobongela. USanders uye kwirekhodi njengokuxhasa iimfazwe zangaphandle zePentagon kunye nokusetyenziswa kweedrones kwiBush/Obama/Military-Industrial alliance's iMfazwe engapheliyo nengenakuphumelela kwiMfazwe.
"UBernie ayingoJeremy Corbin," yindlela uSwanson ayibeka ngayo, ebhekisa kwi-rhetoric echasene nemfazwe yenkokeli yeqela laseBritane elivukelayo. (Ethetha ngeBrits, i-Swanson yazisa abaphulaphuli bakhe ukuba kukho "ibali elikhulu" eliza kuphulwa ngoJulayi 6. Kulapho i-Britane's Chilcot Inquiry imiselwe ukukhulula iziphumo zophando lwayo olude lwendima yeBritani kwiyelenqe lezopolitiko. kukhokelela kwiMfazwe yaseGulf kaGeorge W. Bush kunye noTony Blair.)
Umhle nyani ekubulaleni abantwana
Ukucinga ngendima kamongameli owathi wakha wazityand’ igila, "Kuyacaca ukuba ndilungile ngokwenene ekubulaleni abantu," uSwanson wayenombono wenkqubo yokubulawa kwabantu okucwangcisiweyo kwe-Oval-Ofisi: "Rhoqo ngoLwesibini u-Obama uhamba 'kuluhlu lokubulala' kwaye uyazibuza ukuba u-Saint Thomas Aquinas angacinga ntoni ngaye." (U-Aquinas, ewe, wayenguyise wengcamango ethi "Imfazwe nje".)
Ngelixa umgqatswa womongameli weRiphabhlikhi uDonald Trump ethathe ubushushu ngokuxoxa ukuba umkhosi waseMelika kufuneka wandise iMfazwe yoBugrogrisi ukubandakanya "ukubulala iintsapho" zabachasi ekujoliswe kubo, abongameli baseMelika sele beyigcinile isicwangciso "sokubulala bonke" njengomgaqo-nkqubo osemthethweni wase-US. Ngo-2011, ummi waseMelika, isifundiswa kunye nomfundisi u-Anwar al-Awlaki wabulawa ngogwayimbo lwe-drone eYemen. Kwiiveki ezimbini kamva, unyana ka-al-Awaki oneminyaka eli-16 ubudala u-Abdulrahman (okwangummi waseMelika), watshiswa yidrone yesibini yase-US eyathunyelwa ngomyalelo kaBarack Obama.
Xa abagxeki bebuza imibuzo malunga nokubulawa konyana ka-al-Alwaki okwishumi elivisayo, impendulo yokuchasa (ngamazwi ka Unobhala we-White House Press uRobert Gibbs) wayethetha ngelizwi eliphantsi leMafia: “Bekufanele ukuba [waye]notata onembopheleleko engakumbi.”
Kuyakhathaza kakhulu ukuqaphela ukuba siphila kuluntu oluxhomekeke kulo ngaphandle kokubulawa kwabantwana. Ikhathaza ngokulinganayo: ISwanson yaqaphela ukuba iUnited States kuphela kwelizwe eMhlabeni eliye lala ukuvuma iSivumelwano seZizwe eziManyeneyo kumaLungelo abantwana.
NgokukaSwanson, uvoto lubonise ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba uninzi loluntu luya kuvuma le ngxelo: "Besingafanelanga ukuba siyiqale le mfazwe." Nangona kunjalo, bambalwa abaza kuqhuba ingxelo besithi: "Bekufanele ukuba siyiyekile loo mfazwe kwasekuqaleni." Kodwa inyani yile, uSwanson uthi, kuye kwakho iimfazwe ezingazange zenzeke ngenxa yenkcaso ephantsi. Usoyikiso luka-Obama olungenasiseko oluthi “Red Line” lokukhupha uMongameli waseSyria uBashar al-Assad ngumzekelo wamva nje. (Ewe, uJohn Kerry kunye noVladimir Putin babelana ngetyala elikhulu ngokususa le ntlekele.) "Siyekile iimfazwe," utshilo uSwanson, "Kodwa awuyiboni le ngxelo."
Iimpawu kwi-Warpath
Kwimpelaveki ende yoSuku lweSikhumbuzo, urhulumente kunye nabantu bazabalaza ukulawula ibali leemfazwe zaseMelika. (PS: Ngo-2013, u-Obama waphawula isikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-60 yeArmistice yaseKorea ngokubhengeza ungquzulwano olunegazi laseKorea yinto yokubhiyozelwa. U-Obama wanyanzelisa, “IKorea yayiloyiso.”) Kulo nyaka, iPentagon iqhubekile nokukhuthaza izikhumbuzo zokusasazwa kweMfazwe yaseVietnam kwaye, kwakhona, ezi ngcamango zokuthand’ izwe zacelw’ umngeni ngokuvakalayo ngabaGqirha baseVietnam ngokuchasene neMfazwe.
Ebhekisa kutyelelo luka-Obama lwakutsha nje eJapan naseKorea, uSwanson wagxeka umongameli. U-Obama akazange atyelele i-Hiroshima okanye i-Ho Chi Minh City ukuze acele uxolo, ukubuyisela okanye ukubuyisela, i-Swanson yakhalaza. Endaweni yoko, wayebonakala enomdla ngakumbi ekuzivezeni njengendoda engaphambili kubenzi bezixhobo base-US.
USwanson ucele umngeni kwingxoxo yokuba ubukhosi baseMelika obunabileyo beziseko zangaphandle kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwePentagon yeebhiliyoni zeedola zenzelwe “ukugcina abantu baseMelika bekhuselekile” kwi-ISIS/Al Qaeda/The Taliban/Jihadists. Inyaniso kukuba - ngenxa yamandla eNational Rifle Association kunye nokwanda kwemipu kwilizwe lonke - minyaka le "abantwana base-US babulala abantu abaninzi baseMelika kunabanqolobi." Kodwa abantwana abasacathulayo abajongwa njengabangendawo, abaqhutywa yinkolo, becela umngeni ngokwelizwe.
USwanson uncome iBhili yamaLungelo e-GI, kodwa elandelwa ngumbono ongafane uviwe: “Awufuni mfazwe ukuze ube ne-GI yamaLungelo oLuntu.” Ilizwe linazo iindlela nobuchule bokubonelela ngemfundo yasimahla kuye wonke umntu kwaye lingakuphumeza oku ngaphandle kwelifa lokuqhwalelisa amatyala omfundi. Enye yeempembelelo zembali emva kokudlula koMthetho oYilwayo we-GI, uSwanson ukhumbula ukuba, yayiyinkumbulo engathandekiyo yaseWashington yomkhosi omkhulu “weBonus Army” omkhulu wezilwanyana zezilwanyana ezazihlala eWashington emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I. Oogqirha bezilwanyana - kunye neentsapho zabo - babefuna ngenkani. intlawulo nje yenkonzo yabo kunye nokukhathalela amanxeba abo ahlala ehleli. (Ekugqibeleni lo msebenzi waqhawuka ngesiqhushumbisi seeteargas, iimbumbulu, kunye neebhayonet ezazisetyenziswa ngamajoni phantsi komyalelo kaGeneral Douglas MacArthur.)
Ngaba kukho 'iMfazwe nje'?
I-Q & A ibonise ukungafani kombono malunga nokuba kukho into efana "esemthethweni" yokusetyenziswa kwamandla - ukuzimela kwezopolitiko okanye ngenxa yokuzikhusela. Ilungu labaphulaphuli laphakama labhengeza ukuba liya kuba nebhongo ngokukhonza kwi-Abraham Lincoln Brigade.
U-Swanson - okholelwa ngokupheleleyo kwimicimbi yasemkhosini - uphendule kumceli mngeni ngokubuza: "Kutheni ungazingca ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuguqulo olungenabundlobongela?" Ucaphule iinguqulelo "Peoples Power" kwiiPhilippines, ePoland naseTunisia.
Kodwa kuthekani ngeRevolution yaseMelika? elinye ilungu labaphulaphuli labuza. U-Swanson uye wathi ukwahlukana okungekho bundlobongela eNgilani kwakunokwenzeka. “Awunakumgxeka uGeorge Washington ngokungazi ngoGandhi,” wacebisa.
Ukucinga ngexesha likaWashington (ixesha elaphawulwa “yeyokuqala yeeMfazwe zaseIndiya”) iSwanson yathetha ngomkhuba waseBritane wokuxhwila “iindebe” - iintloko kunye namanye amalungu omzimba - “kumaIndiya” axheliweyo. Ezinye iincwadi zembali zithi ezi zenzo zobukrwada zachongwa kumaMerika Omthonyama ngokwawo. Kodwa, ngokukaSwanson, le mikhwa mibi yayisele imiliselwe kwi-subculture yobukhosi baseBritane. Ingxelo yembali ibonisa ukuba olu qheliselo lwaqala kwiLizwe eliDala, xa amaBritane ayesilwa, ebulala - kwaye, ewe, ehlutha - "iintloko ezibomvu" zaseIreland.
Ukuphendula umngeni wokuba iMfazwe yamakhaya yayiyimfuneko ukugcina umanyano, iSwanson yanikezela ngemeko eyahlukileyo engaqhelekanga, ukuba ikhe yonwatyiswe. Endaweni yokuqalisa umlo ngokuchasene namazwe athanda ukwahlukana, u-Swanson ucebise, uLincoln wayenokuthi: "Mabahambe."
Endaweni yokuchitha ubomi obuninzi, i-US ngeyaba lilizwe elincinci, ngakumbi ngokuhambelana nobukhulu bamazwe aseYurophu kwaye, njengoko iSwanson iphawulile, amazwe amancinci athande ukulawuleka ngakumbi - kwaye ahambelane ngakumbi nolawulo lwedemokhrasi.
Kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo iMfazwe Yehlabathi II “yayiyimfazwe elungileyo,” elinye ilungu labaphulaphuli lacebisa. Ngaba iMfazwe Yehlabathi II yayingathetheleleki ngenxa yokoyikeka kweNkohlakalo yamaNazi nxamnye namaYuda? USwanson wachaza ukuba le nto ibizwa ngokuba "yiMfazwe eLungileyo" yabulala abantu abaninzi ngakumbi kwizigidi ezithandathu ababhubhela kwiinkampu zokufa zaseJamani. ISwanson ikwakhumbuze abaphulaphuli ukuba, phambi kokuqhambuka kweMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi, oosomashishini baseMelika baphose ngehlombe inkxaso yabo - kwezopolitiko nakwezemali - kurhulumente wamaNazi waseJamani nakurhulumente wobuFasi e-Itali.
Xa uHitler wasondela eNgilani ngesithembiso sokusebenzisana ekugxothweni kwamaYuda aseJamani ukuba aphinde ahlale phesheya, uChurchill wayikhaba le ngcamango, esithi izinto ezifunekayo - oko kukuthi, inani elinokubakho leenqanawa ezibandakanyekayo - bekuya kuba ngumthwalo omkhulu. Ngeli xesha, e-US, iWashington yayixakeke ngokuthumela iinqanawa ze-Coast Guard ukuba ziqhube inqanawa yabaza kuba ngababaleki abangamaYuda kude nonxweme lwaseFlorida, apho babenethemba lokufumana indawo engcwele. USwanson utyhile elinye ibali elaziwayo: Usapho luka-Anne Frank lwalucele indawo yokukhosela e-United States kodwa isicelo sabo sokundwendwela yaliwe liSebe leLizwe laseMelika.
Kwaye, ngokubhekiselele ekuthetheleleni ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zenyukliya ngokuchasene neJapan "ukusindisa ubomi," iSwanson yaphawula ukuba yayikunyanzeliswa kweWashington "ngokuzinikela ngaphandle kwemiqathango" eyandisa imfazwe ngokungeyomfuneko - kunye nenani lokufa elinyukayo.
USwanson ubuze ukuba abantu abafumani "impoxo" ukuba ukuze ukhusele "imfuneko" yemfazwe, kufuneka ubuyele umva iminyaka engama-75 ukuze ufumane umzekelo omnye wento ebizwa ngokuba "yimfazwe elungileyo" ukuthethelela indawo eqhubekayo yokuchithela iiholide. ukuya emkhosini kwimicimbi yehlabathi.
Kwaye kukho nomba woMgaqo-siseko. Ixesha lokugqibela iCongress yavuma imfazwe ngo-1941. Yonke imfazwe ukusukela oko ibingekho semthethweni phantsi kweSivumelwano se-Kellogg-Briand kunye ne-United Nations Charter, zombini ezichasene neemfazwe zobundlongondlongo bamazwe ngamazwe.
Ekuvaleni, uSwanson ukhumbule indlela, kolunye ufundo lwakhe lwaseSan Francisco kusuku olungaphambili, igqala laseVietnam elathi laphakama phakathi kwabaphulaphuli laza, lineenyembezi emehlweni, labongoza abantu ukuba “bakhumbule abangama-58,000 ababhubhela kuloo mfazwe.”
“Ndivumelana nawe, mzalwana,” waphendula uSwanson ngovelwano. Emva koko, ecinga ngomonakalo owabangelwa yimfazwe yase-US kulo lonke elaseVietnam, eLaos naseKhambodiya, wongezelela wathi: “Ndicinga ukuba kubalulekile ukukhumbula bonke abantu abazizigidi ezithandathu nama-58,000 abafa kuloo mfazwe.”
IiNyaniso ezili-13 ngeMfazwe (Izahluko ukusuka Imfazwe Lixoki)
* Iimfazwe aziliwa nxamnye nobubi
* Iimfazwe aziqalwa ngenjongo yokuzikhusela
* Iimfazwe aziliwa ngenxa yesisa
* Iimfazwe azinakuphepheka
* Amagorha asingawo amagorha
* Abenzi bemfazwe abananjongo zintle
* Iimfazwe azithathi xesha lide ukuze kulungelwe amajoni
* Iimfazwe azilwelwa kumabala edabi
* Iimfazwe aziyonto enye, kwaye azipheli ngokuzandisa
* Iindaba zemfazwe aziveli kubabukeli abangenamdla
* Imfazwe ayizisi ukhuseleko kwaye ayizinzile
* Iimfazwe azikho mthethweni
* Iimfazwe azinakucwangciswa zize ziphetshwe
QAPHELA: Eli nqaku lalisekelwe kumanqaku abanzi abhalwe ngesandla kwaye alizange libhalwe kwirekhodi.
