Imfazwe inceda ukuPhelisa iNgxaki yeMozulu njengoko ukukhutshwa kweCarbon yase-US kuMkhosi woMkhosi kudlula i-140+ yeZizwe.

NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Owayesakuba nguMongameli wase-US uBarack Obama uthethe kwingqungquthela yemozulu ye-UN ngoMvulo, egxeka iinkokeli zaseTshayina naseRussia ngokungazimasi iintetho eGlasgow.

IBHACK OBAMA: Inkoliso yezizwe ziye zasilela ukuba namabhongo njengoko zifanele zibe njalo. Ukwanda, ukunyuswa kwamabhongo ebesiwulindele eParis kwiminyaka emithandathu eyadlulayo akufezekiswanga ngokufanayo. Ndivume ukuba, bekutyhafisa kakhulu ukubona iinkokeli zamazwe amabini abalaseleyo emhlabeni, iTshayina neRussia, zisilela nokuzimasa inkqubo. Kwaye izicwangciso zabo zelizwe ukuza kuthi ga ngoku zibonisa oko kubonakala ngathi kukunqongophala okuyingozi, ukuzimisela ukugcina bume bento ngakwicala labo rhulumente. Kwaye oko kulihlazo.

NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Ngelixa u-Obama ekhethe iTshayina neRussia, abaphembeleli bobulungisa bemozulu bamgxeka ngokuphandle uMongameli Obama ngokusilela ukuphumeza izithembiso zemozulu azenzileyo njengomongameli kunye nendima yakhe yokongamela umkhosi omkhulu wehlabathi. Lo litshantliziyo laseFilipina uMitzi Tan.

MITZI TAN: Ngokuqinisekileyo ndicinga ukuba uMongameli u-Obama uyaphoxeka, kuba wayezincoma njengomongameli oNtsundu okhathalayo ngabantu bebala, kodwa ukuba wenza njalo, ngewayengasilelanga. Ngewayengayivumeli le nto yenzeke. Ngewayengazange abulale abantu ngogwayimbo lwe-drone. Kwaye loo nto inxulunyaniswe nengxaki yemozulu, kuba umkhosi wase-US ungomnye wabangcolisi abakhulu kwaye ubangela ingxaki yemozulu. Kwaye ke zininzi izinto ekufuneka uMongameli Obama kunye ne-US bazenze ukuze babange ngokwenene ukuba ziinkokeli zemozulu abazithethayo.

NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Izithethi kwiveki ephelileyo ngolwesihlanu olukhulu lwendibano yekamva eGlasgow zikwabize indima yomkhosi wase-US kwimeko kaxakeka yemozulu.

AYISHA SIDDIQA: Igama lam ndinguAisha Siddiqa. Ndisuka kummandla osemantla wePakistan. … ISebe lezoKhuselo lase-US linendawo enkulu yonyaka yekhabhoni kunamazwe amaninzi aseMhlabeni, kwaye ikwalelona lingcolisa indalo elikhulu eMhlabeni. Ubukho bayo bomkhosi kwingingqi yam bubize i-United States ngaphezulu kwe-8 yetriliyoni zeedola ukusukela ngo-1976. Ibe negalelo ekutshatyalalisweni kwendalo e-Afghanistan, e-Iraq, e-Iran, kwiPersian Gulf enkulu nasePakistan. Akunjalo kuphela iimfazwe ezibangelwa yiNtshona zikhokelela kwi-spikes kwi-carbon emissions, ziye zakhokelela ekusebenziseni i-uranium ephelile, kwaye zenze ityhefu yomoya kunye namanzi kwaye ziye zakhokelela ekuzalweni kweziphene, umhlaza kunye nokubandezeleka kwamawaka abantu.

NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Iprojekthi yeeNdleko zeMfazwe iqikelela ukuba umkhosi wase-US uvelise malunga ne-1.2 yeebhiliyoni zeetoni zokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni phakathi kwe-2001 kunye ne-2017, phantse isithathu sivela kwiimfazwe zase-US phesheya, kuquka ne-Afghanistan ne-Iraq. Ngeakhawunti enye, umkhosi wase-US ngumngcolisi omkhulu kunamazwe angama-140 edityanisiwe, kubandakanya nezizwe ezininzi eziphuhlileyo, njengeSweden, iDenmark nePortugal.

Nangona kunjalo, ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni yasemkhosini kukhululwe kakhulu kwizivumelwano zemozulu zamazwe ngamazwe ezisusela kwiProtocol yaseKyoto yowe-1997, ngenxa yempembelelo evela eUnited States. Ngelo xesha, iqela le-neoconservatives, kuquka nosekela-mongameli wexesha elizayo kunye no-Halliburton CEO UDick Cheney, waxoxa exhasa ukuba kukhululwe zonke izinto ezikhutshwa ngumkhosi.

NgoMvulo, iqela labaphembeleli bemozulu babambe uqhanqalazo ngaphandle COP ukuqwalasela indima yomkhosi wase-US kwintlekele yemozulu.

Ngoku sidityaniswe ziindwendwe ezintathu. Ngaphakathi kwingqungquthela yemozulu ye-UN, uRamón Mejía ujoyina nathi, umququzeleli wesizwe ochasene nomkhosi weGrassroots Global Justice Alliance. Ungugqirha wezilwanyana wase-Iraq. Sidityaniswa no-Erik Edstrom, owasilwa kwiMfazwe yase-Afghan kwaye kamva wafunda ngotshintsho lwemozulu eOxford. Ungumbhali we I-Un-American: Ukubalwa kwejoni leMfazwe yethu ende kakhulu. Uphuma nathi eBoston. Kwakhona kunye nathi, eGlasgow, nguNeta Crawford. Ukunye neprojekthi yeeNdleko zeMfazwe kwiYunivesithi yaseBrown. Ungunjingalwazi kwiYunivesithi yaseBoston. Ungaphandle nje kwe COP.

Siyanamkela nonke Intando yeninzi Ngoku! Ramón Mejía, masiqale ngawe. Uthathe inxaxheba kuqhanqalazo ngaphakathi COP nangaphandle kwe COP. Uhambe njani ukusuka ekubeni ligqala leMfazwe yase-Iraq ukuya kwitshantliziyo lobulungisa bemozulu?

I-RAMÓN MEJÍA: Enkosi ngokuba nam, Amy.

Ndathatha inxaxheba kuhlaselo lwase-Iraq ngo-2003. Njengenxalenye yolo hlaselo, olwaba lulwaphulo-mthetho, ndiye ndakwazi ukubona ukutshatyalaliswa kweziseko ezingundoqo zase-Iraq, amaziko ayo okucocwa kwamanzi, ugutyulo. Kwaye yayiyinto endandingakwazi ukuhlala nayo kwaye ndandingakwazi ukuqhubeka nokuxhasa. Ke, emva kokushiya umkhosi, kwafuneka ndithethe kwaye ndichase umkhosi wase-US kuyo yonke imilo, indlela okanye uhlobo olubonisa ngayo kwiindawo zethu. E-Iraq kuphela, abantu base-Iraqi baye baphanda kwaye bathi - banomonakalo ombi kakhulu wemfuza owake wafundwa okanye waphandwa. Ke, luxanduva lwam njengegqala lemfazwe ukuthetha ngokuchasene neemfazwe, kwaye ngakumbi indlela iimfazwe ezichaphazela ngayo abantu bethu kuphela, okusingqongileyo kunye nemozulu.

JUAN GONZÁLEZ: Kwaye, Ramón Mejía, uthini ngalo mba wendima yomkhosi wase-US ekukhutshweni kwepetroli? Xa wawusemkhosini, ngaba kukho ingqiqo phakathi kwakho nabanye oo-GI malunga nolungcoliseko olukhulu olutyelelwa ngumkhosi emhlabeni?

I-RAMÓN MEJÍA: Xa ndandisemkhosini, kwakungekho ngxoxo ngesiphithiphithi esasisenza. Ndiqhube ii-convoys zokubuyisela kwilizwe lonke, ndihambisa izixhobo, ukuhambisa amatanki, ukuhambisa iindawo zokulungisa. Kwaye kuloo nkqubo, andizange ndibone nto ngaphandle kwenkunkuma eshiywe. Uyazi, kwaneeyunithi zethu zazingcwaba izixhobo kunye nenkunkuma elahlwa embindini wentlango. Besitshisa inkunkuma, sisenza umsi oyityhefu ochaphazele amagqala, kodwa hayi kuphela amagqala, kodwa abantu baseIraq kunye nabo bakufuphi naloo mingxuma yokutshisa inetyhefu.

Ke, umkhosi wase-US, ngelixa ukukhutshwa kubalulekile ukuba kuxoxwe, kwaye kubalulekile ukuba kwezi ncoko zemozulu sijongane nendlela amajoni akhutshelwa ngaphandle kwaye akufuneki ukuba anciphise okanye axele ukukhutshwa, kufuneka sixoxe ngobundlobongela olwenziwa ngamajoni. umvuzo kuluntu lwethu, kwimozulu, kokusingqongileyo.

Uyazi, size kunye negqiza, igqiza eliphambili leenkokeli ezingaphezulu kwama-60, phantsi kwebhena ethi It Takes Roots, evela kuThungelwano lweNdawo yeNdawo, ukusuka kwiClimate Justice Alliance, esuka kwiJust Transition Alliance, evela kwiMisebenzi enoBulungisa. Kwaye size apha ukuba sitsho ukuba akukho net zero, akukho mfazwe, akukho kufudumala, yigcine emhlabeni, kuba uninzi lwamalungu ethu oluntu luye lwafumana into eyenziwa ngumkhosi.

Omnye wabathunywa bethu abasuka eNew Mexico, abasuka kwiProjekthi yoLungelelaniso yaseMazantsi-ntshona, uthethe ngendlela izigidi nezigidi zamafutha ejethi ezichitheke ngayo eKirtland Air Force Base. Amafutha amaninzi achithekile kwaye angena kwi-aquifer yoluntu olusebumelwaneni kune I-Exxon Valdez, ukanti ezo ncoko azikho. Kwaye sinomnye umthunywa ovela ePuerto Rico naseVieques, indlela iimvavanyo zembumbulu kunye novavanyo lwezixhobo zekhemikhali eziye zathwaxa isiqithi, kwaye ngelixa uMkhosi waManzi wase-US ungasekho, umhlaza usabetha abantu.

JUAN GONZÁLEZ: Kwaye iqela le-Global Witness liqikelele ukuba kukho ngaphezu kwe-100 labaxhasi benkampani yamalahle, i-oyile negesi kunye namaqela anxulumene nawo kwi-COP26. Uthini uluvo lwakho ngefuthe lefosili kule ndibano?

I-RAMÓN MEJÍA: Akunakubakho nayiphi na ingxoxo yokwenene malunga nokujongana nokutshintsha kwemozulu ukuba asibandakanyi umkhosi. Umkhosi, njengoko sisazi, ngoyena mthengi mkhulu wamafutha e-fossil kwaye ungoyena mthombo mkhulu weegesi ze-greenhouse oyena unoxanduva lokuphazamiseka kwemozulu. Ke, xa unemizi-mveliso yefosili enabathunywa abakhulu kunoluntu lwethu oluphambili kunye neGlobal South, siyathuliswa. Esi sithuba asiyondawo yeengxoxo zokwenyani. Yingxoxo yeenkampani zamazwe ngamazwe kunye noshishino kunye nongcoliseko oorhulumente ukuba baqhubeke bezama ukufumana iindlela zokuhamba njengesiqhelo ngaphandle kokujongana neengcambu zencoko.

Uyazi, oku COP iye yabizwa net zero, i COP ye-net zero, kodwa le yi-unicorn yobuxoki. Sisisombululo sobuxoki, kanye ngendlela efanayo njengoko uhlaza umkhosi. Uyazi, i-emissions, kubalulekile ukuba sixoxe ngayo, kodwa ukuhlaza emkhosini nako ayisosisombululo. Kufuneka sijongane nobundlobongela obufunyanwa ngumkhosi womkhosi kunye nemiphumo eyintlekele kwilizwe lethu.

Ngoko ke, iingxoxo ngaphakathi COP aziyonyani, kuba asikwazi nokubamba iingxoxo ezithe ngqo kwaye sibambe abo baphendule. Kufuneka sithethe ngokubanzi. Uyazi, asinakuthi “umkhosi wase-US”; kufuneka sithi "umkhosi." Asinakuthi urhulumente wethu ngoyena unoxanduva longcoliseko; kufuneka sithethe ngokubanzi. Ke, xa kukho le ndawo idlalayo ingenamgangatho, ke siyazi ukuba iingxoxo aziyonyani apha.

Iingxoxo zangempela kunye notshintsho lwangempela lwenzeka ezitratweni kunye noluntu lwethu kunye neentshukumo zethu zamazwe ngamazwe ezilapha ukuba zingaxoxi kuphela kodwa zisebenzise uxinzelelo. Oku - uyazi, yintoni na? Besiyibiza, ukuba i COP Uyazi, abenza inzuzo. Kukuhlanganiswa kwabenzi benzuzo. Nantso into eyiyo. Kwaye silapha ukuba singayivumeli le ndawo apho amandla ahlala khona. Silapha ukuza kufaka uxinzelelo, kwaye silapha ukuze sithethe egameni lamaqabane ethu ehlabathi kunye neentshukumo ezivela kwihlabathi liphela ezingakwaziyo ukuza eGlasgow ngenxa yesitofu socalucalulo kunye nezithintelo abanazo zokuza. baxoxe ngezinto ezenzeka kwiindawo abahlala kuzo. Ke silapha ukuphakamisa amazwi abo kwaye siqhubeke nokuthetha - uyazi, kunye nabo, kwinto eyenzekayo kwihlabathi jikelele.

NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Ukongeza kuRamón Mejía, sidityaniswe ngomnye ugqirha wezilwanyana waseMarine Corps, kwaye unguErik Edstrom, ugqirha wezilwanyana wase-Afghan, uye wafunda imozulu eOxford kwaye wabhala incwadi. I-Un-American: Ukubalwa kwejoni leMfazwe yethu ende kakhulu. Ukuba uyakwazi ukuthetha - kulungile, ndiza kukubuza umbuzo ofanayo njengoko ndibuze uRamón. Apha ubunguMbutho waseLwandle [Sic] igqala. Uhambe njani ukusuka kuloo nto ukuya kwi-activist yemozulu, kwaye yintoni esifanele siyiqonde malunga neendleko zemfazwe ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe? Ulwe eAfghanistan.

erik EDSTROM: Enkosi, Amy.

Ewe, ndiyathetha, ndingaphola xa ndenze ulungiso olufutshane, oko kukuthi, ndiligosa lomkhosi, okanye igosa lomkhosi langaphambili, kwaye andifuni ukuthatha ubushushu kwabanye endisebenza nabo ngenxa yokuqondwa kakubi njengomphathi. Igosa laselwandle.

Kodwa uhambo oluya kwintshukumo yemozulu, ndiyacinga, lwaqala xa ndandise-Afghanistan kwaye ndaqonda ukuba sisombulula ingxaki engalunganga ngendlela engalunganga. Besiyiphosa imiba ephambili exhasa umgaqo-nkqubo wamazwe angaphandle kwihlabathi jikelele, okukuphazamiseka okubangelwa kukutshintsha kwemozulu, okubeka emngciphekweni olunye uluntu. Idala umngcipheko we-geopolitical. Kwaye ukugxila e-Afghanistan, ukudlala ngokufanelekileyo i-Taliban whack-a-mole, ngelixa ungahoywa nengxaki yemozulu, kwakubonakala ngathi kukusetyenziswa kakubi kwezinto eziphambili.

Ngoko, ngoko nangoko, uyazi, xa ndandigqibile ngenkonzo yam yasemkhosini, ndandifuna ukufunda oko ndikholelwa ukuba ngowona mbandela ubalulekileyo esijongene nawo esi sizukulwana. Kwaye namhlanje, xa sicamngca ngezinto ezikhutshwa ngumkhosi kucwangciso-mali jikelele kwihlabathi, ayikokunganyaniseki nje kuphela ukubangabandakanyi, kukungakhathali kwaye kuyingozi.

JUAN GONZÁLEZ: Kwaye, Erik, ndingathanda ukukubuza malunga nobudlelwane phakathi kwe-oyile kunye nomkhosi, umkhosi wase-US kodwa kunye neminye imikhosi yasebukhosini kwihlabathi jikelele. Ngokwembali bekukho ubudlelwane bemikhosi efuna ukulawula izixhobo zeoyile ngamaxesha emfazwe, kunye nokuba ngabasebenzisi abaphambili bezi zixhobo zeoyile ukwakha amandla abo emkhosini, akunjalo?

erik EDSTROM: Kubekho. Ndicinga ukuba uAmy wenze umsebenzi oncomekayo ngokubeka, kwaye senjenjalo nesinye isithethi, malunga nomkhosi ngoyena mthengi mkhulu wamafutha efosili emhlabeni, kwaye ndicinga ukuba oko ngokuqinisekileyo kuqhuba ezinye zezigqibo emkhosini. Ukukhutshwa okubangelwa kumkhosi wase-US kungaphezulu kokuhamba ngenqwelomoya kunye nokuthumela ngenqanawa kudityanisiwe. Kodwa enye yezinto ebendifuna ukuyiqhuba ndigoduke kule ncoko ijikeleze into engaxoxwanga kakhulu kwiindleko zemfazwe, elixabiso lentlalontle yekhabhoni okanye izinto zangaphandle ezingalunganga ezinxulumene ne-bootprint yethu yehlabathi njengomkhosi kwihlabathi liphela. .

Kwaye u-Amy wayechanekile ukuba abonise ukuba - ecaphula i-Brown University Watson Institute kunye ne-1.2 yeebhiliyoni zee-metric toni zokukhutshwa okuqikelelweyo emkhosini ngexesha lemfazwe yehlabathi jikelele. Kwaye xa ujonga kwizifundo zempilo zoluntu eziqala ukwenza icalculus ukutsho ukuba zingaphi iitoni ekufuneka uzikhuphe ukuze wenzekalise omnye umntu kwenye indawo ehlabathini, malunga neetoni ezingama-4,400. Ke, ukuba wenza i-arithmetic elula, imfazwe yehlabathi jikelele yobugrogrisi inokubangela ukufa okunxulumene nemozulu engama-270,000 kwihlabathi liphela, nto leyo inyusa ngakumbi kwaye yandisa iindleko esele ziphezulu zemfazwe kwaye ijongela phantsi ezona njongo umkhosi unethemba lazo. ukuphumeza, nto leyo ukuzinza. Kwaye ngokuziphatha, ikwajongela phantsi eyona ngxelo yobuthunywa kunye nesifungo somkhosi, esikukukhusela abantu baseMelika kwaye ube namandla ehlabathi ngokulungileyo, ukuba uthatha umbono wehlabathi okanye wehlabathi jikelele. Ke, ukujongela phantsi ingxaki yemozulu kunye ne-turbocharging ayiyondima yomkhosi, kwaye kufuneka sifake uxinzelelo olongezelelweyo kubo bobabini ukuba baveze kwaye banciphise indawo enkulu yekhabhoni.

NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Ukubeka umbuzo ocace ngakumbi kaJuan-ndikhumbula eli qhula lilusizi ngohlaselo lwase-US eIraq, inkwenkwana isithi kuyise, "Yenza ntoni ioyile yethu phantsi kwesanti yabo?" Bendizibuza ukuba ungacacisa ngakumbi na, Erik Edstrom, malunga nokuba yintoni na ekhutshwa ngumkhosi. Kwaye iPentagon iqonda ntoni? Ndiyathetha, iminyaka, xa sasigubungela iimfazwe zaseBush, phantsi kukaGeorge W. Bush, kwakukho - besiya kuhlala sikhankanya ukuba abathethi ngezifundo zabo zePentagon besithi utshintsho lwemozulu ngumba obalulekileyo we21st century. . Kodwa baqonda ntoni, zombini malunga nomba kunye nendima yePentagon ekungcoliseni umhlaba?

erik EDSTROM: Ndiyathetha, ndicinga ukuba kumanqanaba aphezulu obhedu emkhosini, kukho ukuqonda ukuba utshintsho lwemozulu luyinyani kwaye lukhona. Kukho ukuqhawuka konxibelelwano, nangona kunjalo, eyona nto iphambili kuxinzelelo, eyile: Yintoni eza kwenziwa ngumkhosi ngokuthe ngqo ngayo, kwaye ngokuthe ngqo ukukhutshwa kwayo? Ukuba umkhosi ubunokubhengeza ubukho bayo obugcweleyo bekhabhoni kwaye yenze njalo rhoqo, elo nani beliya kuba lihlazo kakhulu kwaye lidale inani elikhulu loxinzelelo lwezopolitiko kumkhosi wase-US ukunciphisa ezo zinto zikhutshwayo ukuya phambili. Ngoko unokukuqonda ukungafuni kwabo.

Kodwa nangona kunjalo, kufuneka sibale ngokupheleleyo ukukhutshwa komkhosi, kuba akukhathaliseki nokuba yintoni na umthombo. Ukuba ivela kwinqwelomoya okanye kwinqwelomoya yasemkhosini, ukuya kwimozulu ngokwayo, ayinamsebenzi. Kwaye kufuneka sibale zonke iitoni ezikhutshwayo, kungakhathaliseki nokuba kuphazamisana nezopolitiko ukwenza oko. Kwaye ngaphandle kokubhengeza, sibaleka iimfama. Ukubeka phambili iinzame ze-decarbonization, kufuneka sazi imithombo kunye nomthamo wokukhutshelwa komkhosi, ukuze iinkokeli zethu kunye nezopolitiko zikwazi ukwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga nokuba yeyiphi imithombo abanokufuna ukuyivala kuqala. Ngaba iziseko zaphesheya kweelwandle? Ngaba liqonga elithile lesithuthi? Ezo zigqibo aziyi kwaziwa, kwaye asinakukwazi ukwenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo ngokwengqondo nangobuchule, de kuphume loo manani.

NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Uphando olutsha oluvela kwiprojekthi yeeNdleko zeMfazwe yeYunivesithi yaseBrown lubonisa ukuba iSebe lezoKhuseleko lweLizwe liye lagxila ngokugqithiseleyo kubunqolobi obuphefumlelweyo bangaphandle nangaphandle, ngelixa uhlaselo olunobundlobongela e-US luhlala luvela kwimithombo yasekhaya, uyazi, ukuthetha malunga nobukhulu obumhlophe. , umzekelo. UNeta Crawford ukunye nathi. Ungaphandle nje kwe COP ngoku, ingqungquthela ye-UN. Ungumseki kunye nomlawuli weprojekthi yeeNdleko zeMfazwe eBrown. Ungunjingalwazi kunye nosihlalo wesebe lesayensi yezopolitiko kwiYunivesithi yaseBoston. UNjingalwazi Crawford, siyakwamkela kwakhona Intando yeninzi Ngoku! Kutheni ukwincopho yemozulu? Sidla ngokuthetha nawe malunga, nje ngokubanzi, iindleko zemfazwe.

I-NETA I-CRAWFORD: Enkosi, Amy.

Ndilapha kuba kukho iiyunivesithi ezininzi e-UK eziqalise inyathelo lokuzama ukubandakanya ukukhutshwa kwezomkhosi ngokupheleleyo kwizibhengezo zelizwe ngalinye malunga nokukhutshwa kwazo. Rhoqo ngonyaka, ilizwe ngalinye elikwiSihlomelo I - oko kukuthi, amaqela kwisivumelwano esivela eKyoto - kufuneka abeke ezinye zezinto ezikhutshwayo zomkhosi kuluhlu lwawo lwesizwe, kodwa asiyongxelo epheleleyo. Kwaye yiloo nto esingathanda ukuyibona.

JUAN GONZÁLEZ: Kwaye, Neta Crawford, ngaba ungathetha ngento engabhaliswayo okanye ebekwe esweni ngokwemiqathango yomkhosi? Ayingomafutha kuphela anika amandla iijethi zomkhosi womoya okanye amandla enqanawa, ngokunjalo. Ngokunikwa ngamakhulu kunye namakhulu eziseko zomkhosi i-United States inazo kwihlabathi liphela, yeyiphi eminye imiba yekhabhoni yomkhosi wase-US abantu abangayihoyiyo?

I-NETA I-CRAWFORD: Kulungile, ndicinga ukuba zintathu izinto ekufuneka uzigcine engqondweni apha. Okokuqala, kukho izinto ezikhutshwayo ezivela kufakelo. I-United States imalunga ne-750 yofakelo lomkhosi phesheya, phesheya, kwaye inama-400 e-US Kwaye uninzi lofakelo lwaphesheya, asazi ukuba yintoni ekhutshwayo. Kwaye kungenxa yesigqibo seProtocol yase-Kyoto sowe-1997 sokukhuphela ngaphandle ezo zinto zikhutshwayo okanye zibale ilizwe apho iziseko zikhoyo.

Ke, enye into esingayaziyo sisixa esikhulu sokukhutshwa kwemisebenzi. Ke, eKyoto, isigqibo sathathwa sokuba singabandakanyi imisebenzi evela kwimfazwe eyayigunyaziswe yiZizwe eziManyeneyo okanye eminye imisebenzi yamazwe amaninzi. Ngoko ke ezo zinto zikhutshwayo azifakwanga.

Kukwakho into eyaziwa ngokuba yi-bunker fuels, ngamafutha asetyenziswa kwiinqwelomoya kunye nenqwelomoya-uxolo, iinqwelomoya kunye neenqanawa kumanzi aphesheya. Uninzi lwemisebenzi yoMkhosi waManzi wase-United States ikumanzi amazwe ngamazwe, ngoko asiyazi loo nto ikhutshwayo. Ezo azibandakanywanga. Ngoku, isizathu saloo nto yayikukuba, ngo-1997, i DOD ithumele imemo kwi-White House isithi ukuba i-mission ibandakanyiwe, umkhosi wase-US unokunciphisa ukusebenza kwawo. Kwaye bathi kwimemo yabo, ukuncitshiswa kokukhutshwa kwe-10% kuya kubangela ukunqongophala kokulungela. Yaye oko kungakulungelanga kwakuya kuthetha ukuba iUnited States yayingayi kukulungela ukwenza izinto ezimbini. Omnye uphakamile emkhosini kwaye ulwe imfazwe nangaliphi na ixesha, naphi na, kwaye, okwesibini, ukungakwazi ukuphendula kwinto abayibona njengengxaki yemozulu esiya kujongana nayo. Kwaye kwakutheni ukuze bazi ngo-1997? Kungenxa yokuba bebefunda ngemeko yemozulu ukususela ngeminyaka yee-1950 neyee-1960, yaye babeyiqonda imiphumo yeegesi ze<em>greenhouse. Ke, yiloo nto ebandakanyiweyo kwaye yintoni engabandakanyiweyo.

Kwaye kukho olunye udidi olukhulu lwezinto ezikhutshwayo esingazaziyo, ezilulo naluphi na ukhupho oluphuma kwindawo yomkhosi-yemizi-mveliso. Zonke izixhobo esizisebenzisayo kufuneka ziveliswe ndaweni ithile. Uninzi lwayo luvela kwiinkampani ezinkulu zomkhosi-zemizi-mveliso eUnited States. Amanye ala maqumrhu ayavuma ukuba akhutshwayo, oko kwaziwa njengezinto ezikhutshwa ngokuthe ngqo nezingathanga ngqo, kodwa asilazi lonke ikhonkco lokubonelela. Ke, ndinoqikelelo lokuba iinkampani eziphezulu zomkhosi-zemveliso zikhuphe malunga nesixa esifanayo sokukhutshwa kwamafutha efosili, ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse, njengomkhosi ngokwawo nawuphi na unyaka. Ke, eneneni, xa sicinga ngayo yonke i-carbon footprint yomkhosi wase-United States, kufuneka kuthiwe asiyibali yonke. Kwaye ukongeza, asibali ukukhutshwa kweSebe lezoKhuseleko lweLizwe - andikababali okwangoku - kwaye ezo kufuneka zibandakanywe, ngokunjalo.

NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Ndandifuna uku-

JUAN GONZÁLEZ: Kwaye-

NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Qhubeka, Juan.

JUAN GONZÁLEZ: Ungathetha nangemingxuma etshileyo, ngokunjalo? Umkhosi wase-US kufuneka ube wodwa kwihlabathi, ukuba naphi na apho uya khona, uhlala ugqiba ukutshabalalisa izinto endleleni yokuphuma, nokuba yimfazwe okanye umsebenzi. Ungathetha nangemingxuma etshileyo, ngokunjalo?

I-NETA I-CRAWFORD: Andazi kakhulu malunga nemigodi yokutshisa, kodwa ndiyazi into ngembali yokutshatyalaliswa kwendalo eyenziwa ngumkhosi. Ukususela kwixesha lobukoloniyali ukuya kwiMfazwe Yamakhaya, xa izakhiwo zelog zeMfazwe yamakhaya zenziwe ngamahlathi aphela, okanye iindlela zenziwe ngemithi, umkhosi wase-United States ube yindlela yokutshatyalaliswa kwendalo. KwiMfazwe yeNguquko kunye neMfazwe yombango, kwaye ngokucacileyo eVietnam naseKorea, iUnited States ithathe indawo, amahlathi okanye amahlathi, apho babecinga ukuba abavukeli baya kufihla.

Ke, imingxuma etshileyo yinxalenye nje yohlobo olukhulu lokungakhathaleli umoya ongqongileyo kunye nokusingqongileyo, okusingqongileyo okunetyhefu. Kwaye nemichiza eshiywe kwiziseko, evuzayo kwizikhongozeli zokubasa, iyityhefu. Ke, kukho i - njengoko zombini ezinye izithethi zitshilo, kukho indawo enkulu yomonakalo wokusingqongileyo ekufuneka sicinge ngayo.

NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Ekugqibeleni, ngo-1997, iqela le-neoconservatives, kuquka nosekela-mongameli wexesha elizayo, ngoko-Halliburton. CEO UDick Cheney, waxoxa exhasa ukuba kukhululwe zonke izinto ezikhutshwa ngumkhosi kwiProtocol yaseKyoto. Kule leta, uCheney, kunye no-Ambassador Jeane Kirkpatrick, owayesakuba nguNobhala wezoKhuselo uCaspar Weinberger, wabhala, "ngokukhulula kuphela imikhosi yase-US eyenziwa kumazwe ngamazwe kunye noluntu, izenzo zomkhosi ezihlangeneyo - njengaseGrenada, ePanama naseLibya - iya kuba yezopolitiko kunye nezopolitiko. kunzima ngakumbi.” Erik Edstrom, impendulo yakho?

erik EDSTROM: Ndicinga ukuba, ngokwenene, kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi. Kwaye ndicinga ukuba ngumsebenzi wethu, njengabemi ababandakanyekayo, ukufaka uxinzelelo kurhulumente wethu ukuba asithathele ingqalelo esi soyikiso sikhoyo. Kwaye ukuba urhulumente wethu uyasilela ukunyuka, kufuneka sinyule iinkokeli ezintsha eziza kwenza into elungileyo, eya kutshintsha amaza kwaye iya kwenza umzamo ofunekayo apha, kuba, ngokwenene, ihlabathi lixhomekeke yona.

NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Ewe, siza kuphelela apho kodwa, ewe, qhubeka nokulandela lo mba. U-Erik Edstrom ngugqirha wezilwanyana wase-Afghan, ophumelele eWest Point. Wafunda imozulu eOxford. Kwaye incwadi yakhe I-Un-American: Ukubalwa kwejoni leMfazwe yethu ende kakhulu. URamón Mejía ungaphakathi COP, umququzeleli wesizwe ochasene nomkhosi kunye neGrassroots Global Justice Alliance. Ungugqirha wezilwanyana wase-Iraq. Ebethatha inxaxheba kuqhanqalazo ngaphakathi nangaphandle COP eGlasgow. Kwaye kunye nathi, uNeta Crawford, Iindleko zeprojekthi yeMfazwe kwiYunivesithi yaseBrown. Ungunjingalwazi wenzululwazi yezopolitiko kwiYunivesithi yaseBoston.

Xa sibuya, siya eStella Moris. Uliqabane likaJulian Assange. Ke, wenza ntoni eGlasgow, njengoko ethetha ngendlela iWikiLeaks ebhentsise ngayo uhanahaniso lwezizwe ezityebileyo ekujonganeni nengxaki yemozulu? Kwaye kutheni yena kunye noJulian Assange - kutheni bengakwazi ukutshata? Ngaba abaphathi bentolongo yaseBelmarsh, iBritane ithi hayi? Hlala nathi.