Imfazwe Nobushushu

NguNathan Albright, nge-11 kaMatshi ngo-2020

ukusuka Iimvo ze-Creative Unviolence

NgoJuni 5^thNgo-2019, umhlalutyi ophezulu kwezobuntloko uRod Schoonover wathetha ngaphambi kwendibano ye-Intelligence yeNdlu malunga noKhuseleko lweLizwe kunye nokuTshintsha kweMo yezulu. "Imozulu yezulu yomhlaba ngokuqinisekileyo ayifane ibekho kangangexesha elide njengoko kumiselwe amashumi eminyaka kwimilinganiselo yobunzululwazi evela kubungqina obuninzi obuzimeleyo," utshilo uSchohoverver. "Silindele ukuba utshintsho lwemozulu luza kuchaphazela iimfuno zokhuseleko zesizwe zase-US ngeendlela ezininzi, ezifanayo, kunye neendlela ezihlanganisiweyo. Ilizwe jikelele lihlala lisenza gwenxa izixholoxholo phantse zizezolawulo kwimimandla yezopolitiko, kwezentlalo, yezoqoqosho nakwezokhuseleko emhlabeni jikelele. Oku kubandakanya ukonakaliswa kwezoqoqosho, izoyikiso kwimpilo yabantu, ukhuseleko lwamandla, kunye nokhuseleko lokutya. Silindele ukuba kungabikho lizwe lingakhuselekanga kwiinguqu zemozulu kwiminyaka engama-20. ” Kungekudala emva kokuhambisa intetho yakhe, uSchoonover warhoxa kwisikhundla sakhe wabhala u-Op-Ed kwiNew York Times apho athe watyhila ukuba ulawulo lukaTrump luzamile ukuluhlaziya uluvo, emxelela ngakwimemo yangasese ukuba azame amacandelo amakhulu entetho yakhe kunye Ukucebisa ukuhlelwa kokuphumla. Ukuncitshiswa komlawuli kunye nokubhalwa kwamanqakwana kubungqina buka Schoonover, obunokufundwa kuxwebhu olungacaciswanga olukhutshwe liziko leMozulu kunye noKhuseleko, kubandakanya nengqiniseko yokuba "ukuvumelana koncwadi oluhlaziyiweyo kuncwadi akunanto yakwenza nenyaniso."

Iphulo lolawulo lukaTrump lokucinezela ulwazi malunga notshintsho lwemozulu luyaziwa ngokubanzi (ngelixa ndenza uphando ngeli nqaku bendihlala ndifumana amakhonkco athe kwiminyaka embalwa edluleyo akhokelela kuxwebhu lukarhulumente malunga nokutshintsha kwemozulu kodwa ngoku andithumele kwimiyalezo yempazamo kunye namaphepha angenanto), kodwa yintoni Yiza njengothusayo kubafundi abaninzi yinto efunyenwe kulawulo evela kwiPentagon. Kwiinyanga nje ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba i-House Intelligence Hearing ithobele, amashumi amahlanu anesibhozo amagosa angabasemkhosini wase-US asayine ileta eya ku-Mongameli emcela ukuba aqonde isisongelo kukhuseleko lwesizwe lwe-US olubangezwe kukutshintsha kwemozulu. "Kuyingozi ukuba ucazululo lwezokhuseleko luhambisane nezopolitiko," ifunda ileta ixhaswe ziinjengele zasemkhosini, iingcali zobuntlola, kunye neenkosi zabasebenzi abathunyelwayo kulawulo oludlulileyo, "utshintsho lwemozulu luyinyani, iyenzeka ngoku, iyenzeka Iqhutywa ngabantu, kwaye iyanda. ”

Kule minyaka mithathu idlulileyo, amagosa aphezulu amaninzi avela kwi-Intelligence Community (IC) kunye neSebe lezoKhuseleko (DOD) bavakalise inkxalabo ekhulayo malunga neziphumo zokhuseleko zokutshintsha kwemeko, kubandakanya owayesakuba ngunobhala wezomkhosi, uJames Mattis, uMlawuli wezobuntlola beSizwe , UDaniel Coats, Unobhala Wezomkhosi, u-Richard Spencer, Umphathi oyiNtloko weMisebenzi ye-Naval, u-Admiral Bill Moran, oyiNtloko yaBasebenzi be-US Air Force, uGeneral David L. Goldfein, I-Chief Army of Chief of Staff, General General Wilson Inkosi yabasebenzi, uJeneral James McConville, Inkosi ye-National Guard Bureau, uGeneral Joseph Lengyel, Umphathi weMarine Corps, uGeneral Robert Neller, Unobhala Wezomkhosi Womoya, uHeather A. Wilson, kunye nomphathi we-United States Command kunye ne-NATO ephezulu Umlawuli weAllies Europe, nguGeneral Curtis M. Scaparrotti. Kwi-Op-Ed ka-Schoonover kwiNew York Times, ucacisile inkxalabo egcweleyo yePentagon: "Amagama amabini abathetha ngezokhuseleko belizwe abaqinisekile kwaye bayamangaliswa, kwaye akathandabuzeki ukuba ukutshintsha kwemozulu kuthembisa inani elininzi labo bobabini."

Unxibelelwano phakathi kwesayensi yemozulu kunye nomkhosi luqala emva ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka yoo-1950, kwakude kudala ngaphambi kokutshintsha kwemozulu. Isazi sembali yolwandle u-Roger Revelle, omnye woososayensi bokuqala ukwenza uphando malunga nobushushu behlabathi, wabona uvavanyo lwenyukliya kwii-Bikini Islands kwindawo yakhe yobudala njengeGosa leNqanawa, kwaye kamva wafumana inkxaso-mali yophando lwemozulu ngokuchaza inkxalabo yokubonakalisa amandla eSoviet. yimo YEZULU. Ezinye iingcali zesayensi yemozulu ziphikisana nengxaki ka-Revelle malunga nokuwela emva kweSoviet kwaye iphinda ibethe kwakhona ngoqhakamshelwano lwezixhobo zenyukliya ku-1959 uxwebhu lwe-National Institute for Atmospheric Research, ngokubhala, "imisebenzi eyenziwa ngabantu ekusebenziseni izinto zokugcwala kwisithuba seminyaka elikhulu edlulileyo, kunye Ukuqhekeza izixhobo zenyukliya kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo bekukho ngokwaneleyo ukuba kubenako ukujonga iziphumo ezibenazo kulomhlaba. ”

Kutshanje, ngelixa kutshintshwa kwemozulu njengemicimbi ebambekayo eWashington, iingcali zokhuseleko kwezepolitiki ezingekho mgangathweni kwi-DOD ziye zaphanda zaza zabhala imixholo yotshintsho lwemozulu kunye neziphumo zalo kukhuseleko lwehlabathi. Ngamazwi kaCol Lawrence Wilkerson, owayesakuba yiNtloko yabasebenzi kuColin Powell, "ekuphela kwesebe e ... eWashington elicacileyo nelibambelele ngokupheleleyo kwimbono yokuba utshintsho lwemozulu luyinyani kwiSebe lezoKhuseleko."

Oku okungenani kwinxalenye ngenxa yezisongelo zokulwa kwezomkhosi. NgoJanuwari ka-2019 DOD Xela ngeZiphumo zesimo semozulu esitshintshayo Uluhlu lokufakelwa emkhosini kwama-79 asemngciphekweni wokuphazamiseka okunzulu ekusebenzeni kungekudala ngenxa yembalela (umzekelo, eJoint Base Anacostia Bolling eDC nasePearl Harbour, i-HI), ukuphanziswa komhlaba (kwiziko eliphambili lase-US Drone, i-Creech Air Force base e-Nevada), imililo yasendle (eVandenberg Air Force Base eCalifornia), thawing permafrost (kumaziko oqeqesho eGreeley, eAlaska), nezikhukula (eNorfolk Naval Base eVirginia). Ababhali beli phetshana lengxelo bathi: "Kubalulekile ukuchaza, ukuba 'ikamva' kolu hlalutyo lithetha kuphela iminyaka engama-20 kwixa elizayo.” Kudliwanondlebe lwakutsha nje neZiko loPhando ngeNgxelo, owayesakuba ngunobhala wezomkhosi wezomkhosi, uRay Mabus walumkisa, "yonke into oyifundileyo, yonke inzululwazi oyibonayo kukuba siye sasijongela phantsi isantya esenzeka ngalo oku… Ukuba siyanikezela 'Ndenza into yokubuyisela umva okanye ndicothise ukunyuka kwenqanaba lolwandle, esona sikhulu somkhosi wasemanzini emhlabeni, iNorfolk, siya kuya ngaphantsi kwamanzi. Iya kuthi shwaka. Kwaye iya kunyamalala ngexesha lokuphila kwabantu namhlanje. ”

Kodwa izoyikiso kwiziseko zoncedo zisisiqalo nje seenkxalabo ezivezwe ngamagosa aphezulu okhuseleko e-US, abahlala bebhekisa kutshintsho lwemozulu njenge "sisongeli-sesongezo." Ukuphononongwa kwamaxwebhu e-Pentagon afumaneka esidlangalaleni kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo kubonakalisa uluhlu oluxhalabisayo malunga nenkxalabo yemozulu evela kubukrelekrele kunye namagosa ezokhuseleko. Ukuphazamiseka kwemozulu esele kubhaliwe kubandakanya ukwanda kwamajoni agula okanye asweleke ngenxa yokutshiswa sishushu ngexesha lokuzilolonga, ubunzima bokwenza imisebenzi yasemkhosini, kunye nokunciphisa ubukrelekrele, ukuphononongwa, kunye nomsebenzi wokuphinda ubonwe ngenxa yeentsuku "zokuhamba zingahambi." Inkxalabo malunga nekamva elikufutshane neliphakathi lexesha elizayo ziphawuleka kakhulu, kubandakanywa: amabakala okwanda kwezifo kunye nonyango lwezifo; iimeko ezixakekisayo zoluntu ezivela kwiintlekele zemvelo ezifanayo; imimandla emikhulu ukuba ingafuduki ngenxa yembalela okanye ubushushu obungenakuthanani; Ukuvulwa kwemimandla emitsha njenge-arctic (xa ubuzwa ukuba yintoni ephefumlise uhlaziyo lwe-DOD's Icebo leArctic Ngo-2014, emva koko uNobhala Wezomkhosi, u-Richard Spencer wathi, "into enkulu inyibilikile."); ungquzulwano neRussia kunye neTshayina ngezixhobo ezisanda kutyhilwa ngenxa yokunyibilika; ukungqubana kwezixhobo ngokubanzi Ukuxinana phakathi korhulumente malunga neenzame zobuniniyali bokuzama injineli yemozulu; kunye nokwanda okunokwenzeka kokutshintsha okukhulu, ngesiquphe kwimozulu.

Ngo-2016, emva koko uMlawuli wezobuntlola kuzwelonke uDaniel Coats, wazicacisa ezi mingcipheko kwingxelo enesihloko esithi Iimpembelelo kuKhuseleko lweSizwe lwe-US loTshintsho lweMozulu oluLindelekileyo. Ngelixa “uphazamiso oluhambelana notshintsho lwemozulu lusaqhubeka,” wabhala, “ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20, iziphumo ezibi zotshintsho lwemozulu kwiindlela zokuhamba kwabantu kunye nokungaxhomekeki kunokubangela umdla, mhlawumbi ngaphambili. Ukuba bekungakhange kucingelwe, banokuthoba isibonelelo sikarhulumente kunye nezixhobo. " Walumkisa ukuba ilizwe linokujamelana “nokungazinzi okukhulu kwezopolitiko” okunxibelelene notshintsho lwemozulu, kwaye, "kwezona meko ziqatha, abasemagunyeni banokuwohloka ngokuyinxenye okanye ngokupheleleyo."

Ngomhla ka-Agasti ka-2019 ikholeji yomkhosi wamajoni yakhupha uhlalutyo lwayo malunga nale mingcipheko, ikhalaza ngesiqhelo sento yothethwano ngeenguqu kwezopolitiko, yafumanisa ukuba “njengombutho ongomthetho, ongenguye owabandakanyekayo, iSebe. Ezomkhosi azilungelanga mpela ukhuseleko lwesizwe lokutshintsha kwemozulu oluye nefuthe kwimingeni yokhuseleko lwehlabathi. ” Isifundo, esinesihloko Iziphumo zoTshintsho lweMozulu kuMkhosi wase-US, Lumkisa ngelithi "iimpembelelo zemozulu efudumeleyo enemozulu egqubayo ifikelela ngendlela engathethekiyo," kwaye inika nzulu "kwinguqu yemozulu kwilizwe elinye," iBangladesh. Ababhali basikhumbuza ukuba i-Bangladesh, ilizwe elinabemi abasibhozo eSiriya apho iimeko zemozulu zakutshanje ziye zabangela imfazwe yamakhaya ngeziphumo zamazwe jikelele, zikhona ngenxa yemfazwe phakathi kwe-Indiya nePakistan, amagunya amabini omkhosi ngoku anamandla enyukliya. “Njengokuba iilwandle zikhuphuka kunye neendawo ezinkulu zaseBanglikana zingabinakho ukuhlala, amashumi ezigidi zabantu abashiyekayo eBangadis? Ukufuduswa kwabantu abaninzi kule ndawo kuya kuluchaphazela njani ukhuseleko lwehlabathi kwindawo enamalunga nama-40% yabemi behlabathi kunye negunya leenyukliya? ”

Umzekelo weKholeji yoMkhosi oMkhosi ufikelela entliziyweni yokoyika kweMozulu yePentagon: ukufuduka kwabantu. Kwincwadi yakhe ka-2017 Ukuqhekeza udonga: Ukutshintsha kwemozulu, ukufuduka, kunye nokhuseleko lwasekhaya, intatheli ephandayo uTodd Miller icacisa ngokuqhushumisa kukoyika korhulumente malunga nokufuduka okwenzekileyo kumashumi ambalwa eminyaka adlulileyo. "Kwakukho iingcingo ezili-16 zemida xa udonga lwaseBerlin lwawa ngo-1988," utshilo uMiller, "ngoku zingaphezulu kwama-70 kwihlabathi liphela," kubandakanya, "Umda omtsha 'waseTurkey kunye neSyria, [ene] nqaba nganye eyi-1,000 XNUMX iinyawo ezinenkqubo ye-alam yeelwimi ezintathu kunye 'nendawo zokudubula ezizenzekelayo' exhaswa kukuhamba kwe-zeppelin drones. "

UMiller ucebisa ukuba inqaku kwi the Atlantic ukusuka 1994, Ukuza kwesiphithiphithi ube nefuthe elingaphandle ekubumbeni umgaqo-nkqubo wokufuduka korhulumente ngeli xesha. Isincoko esenziwe nguRobert Kaplan sithi, njengoko uMiller esitsho, "ngumxube omangalisayo we-rancid Malthusian nativism kunye nokuqikelela ukuwa kwendalo," apho uCaplan echaza ngamanani alinganayo kwaye ahlonele "iqela" lolutsha olunxaxhileyo eNtshona. Izitshisi zase-Afrika kunye neminye imimandla ye-Global South njengoko bejoyina amaqela emigulukudu kwaye bethimba imimandla ngaphandle komthetho. “Zininzi kakhulu izigidi” ulumkisa uKaplan, ejonge kwicala lama-21^st Kwinkulungwane, "amandla ayo angcolileyo kunye neminqweno iya kuthintela umbono wabantu abaphambili, ukubuyisela ikamva libe yinto entsha eyoyikisayo." Umbono kaKaplan ngekamva eliqaqambileyo wamkelwa ngokukhawuleza njengesiprofetho kwelona nqanaba liphezulu likarhulumente wase-US, efekselwa ngumnxibelelanisi welizwe u-Tim Wirth kubo bonke abameli base-US kwihlabathi liphela, wanconywa nguMongameli Clinton obize u-Kaplan "[beacon] ngokuba nemvakalelo entsha ku ukhuseleko kwindalo esingqongileyo. ” Kwangalo nyaka, uMiller uphawula ukuba, "Umkhosi wase-US oNqola baseMelika babesebenzisa imingxunya yokufaka umdaka ukusuka kwimfazwe yaseVietnam nePersian Gulf ukwakha udonga lokuqala lomda eNogales, eArizona," eyinxalenye yomgaqo kaClinton omtsha wothintelo. Umgaqo-nkqubo wokungena kwelinye ilizwe. Kunyaka olandelayo, ii-Border Patrol agents zenza "indawo ezihlekisayo zokufudukela e-Arizona apho abathunywa babeka khona ii-corrone zecingo apho bathi 'bazisa' abantu ngentshukumo yexesha likaxakeka, emva koko bazilayisha kwiinqwelwana zebhasi ezazihambisa kumaziko okubanjwa.

Kule minyaka ukusukela kwisincoko sikaKaplan, inani lexesha elizayo le-dystopian yohlobo olufanayo lubekwe ziingcali zokhuseleko kwaye bacinga amatanki abongoza oorhulumente ukuba bazilungiselele ngokwabo ngefuthe lengxaki yemozulu. Ngokungafaniyo nemibutho yezenzululwazi enje ngePaneli yoTshintsho lweMozulu (i-IPCC) elithandabuza kakhulu ukuzimela kude kakhulu kwingqikelelo yexa elizayo hleze batyholwe ngolwazelelelo olunye, abo bakwishishini lokhuseleko lesizwe bayakhawuleza ukukhangela zonke iziphumo ezibonakalayo. yengxaki, hleze basilele ukulungiselela enye into. Umdibaniso wokujonga okungagungqiyo kwinyani yengxaki yemozulu kunye nokusilela kakhulu kokholo ebuntwini obuphawula ukuba la maxwebhu enza ufundisiso olungxamisekileyo.

Ngo-2003, itanki lokucinga lePentagon lakhupha ingxelo ebizwa Imeko yokutshintsha kwemozulu ngequbuliso kunye neziphumo zako kuKhuseleko lweSizwe lwase-United States. Ingxelo, eya kuthi kamva ibe lukhuthazo lwebolbuster yaseHollywood Ngapha kwangomso, liqwalasele ilizwe apho imeko yemozulu iya isiba mandundu yenza ukuba amazwe anobutyebi anjenge-US "azakhe iinqaba zokujikeleza amazwe abo, azigcinele ubutyebi," imeko ethi "ingakhokelela ekunikezelweni komnwe nasekugxekeni, njengelizwe elinobutyebi. Isebenzisa amandla angakumbi kwaye ikhuphe iiglue eluhlaza ngakumbi njenge CO2 emoyeni. Ababhali baphela ngenqaku lokungafani nezinto zaseMelika, beqiqa ngelithi "ngelixa i-US ngokwayo izakubangcono kwaye inamandla okuziqhelanisa nayo, iya kuzifumana kwilizwe apho iYurophu izakubanzima unxweme kunye neAsia ekwintlekele enkulu phezu kokutya namanzi. Ukuphazamiseka kungqubana nobomi. ”

Ngo-2007, iitanki ezimbini zokucinga zaseWashington, iZiko lobuChule kunye nezifundo zeZizwe ngeZizwe kunye neZiko loKhuseleko lwaseMelika eNtsha, zabeka ndawonye ingqokelela yoqikelelo kwingxelo egama elibhalwe igama Iminyaka yeziphumo. Iqela elisebenze kuxwebhu lwenziwe ngamagosa aphambili ePentagon kubandakanya noMphathi wabasebenzi kwi-Mongameli uJohn Podesta, owayesakuba nguMcebisi woKhuseleko kuZwelonke kwi-Sekela Mongameli u-Leon Fuerth (bobabini bazakusayina ileta yakhe ku-Trump). owayesakuba nguMlawuli we-CIA uJames Woolsey, kunye neenkokeli ezininzi “ezamkelwe kuzwelonke kwicandelo lesayensi yemozulu, imigaqo-nkqubo yezangaphandle, isayensi yezopolitiko, imbali yolwandle, imbali, kunye nokhuseleko lukazwelonke.” Ingxelo ijonge iimeko ezintathu zokufudumeza "ngaphakathi kolwazi lwesayensi," ukusuka "kulindeleke" ukuya "kwanzima" ukuya "kwintlekele." Imeko "elindelekileyo", ethi ababhali bayichaze njengelona "elincinci esifanele ukulilungiselela," isekwe kwiqondo eliphakathi le-1.3 C lokushisa kwamaqondo ngo-2040, kwaye ibandakanya "ukuphakama okungaphakathi kunye nomnqamlezo wobunzima obudalwe bubukhulu obukhulu. ukufuduka; ungquzulwano lubangelwe kukunqongophala kwezixhobo, "kunye" nokwanda kwezifo. " Imeko "eqatha" ichaza ilizwe elishushu ngokufika nge-2.6 ° C ngo-2040 apho "iziganeko ezinkulu ezingekho emgceni kwindalo yehlabathi zinika iziganeko zoluntu ezingadalwanga." Kwimeko yesithathu, "yentlekele", ababhali bacinga ngokufudumala kwehlabathi ngu-5.6 ° C nge-2100:

"Ubungakanani bempembelelo ezinokubakho ezinxulumene notshintsho lwemozulu-ikakhulu kubume obucacileyo kunye nakwindawo ezikude kakhulu-bayenza nzima ukuqonda ubukhulu kunye nobungakanani beenguqu ezinokubakho. Nokuba phakathi kweqela lethu lokudala nelizimiseleyo lababukeli abanamava, bekungumngeni ongathethekiyo ukucamngca notshintsho lwehlabathi. Ubushushu behlabathi bonyuka ngaphezu kwe-3 ° C kwaye inqanaba lolwandle lonyuke lilinganiswe kwiimitha (ikamva elinokuthi livavanywe kwinqanaba lesithathu) libeka umda omangalisayo womhlaba wonke kangangokuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ucinge onke amabakala obomi belizwe nakwelizwe jikelele ngokungenakuchaphazeleka. Njengoko omnye wabathathi-nxaxheba waphawula, 'ukutshintsha kwemozulu okungathintelwanga kulingana nomhlaba oboniswe nguMad Max, kushushu kuphela, kungekho mabheji, kwaye mhlawumbi kukho udubulo ngakumbi.' Ngelixa uphawu olunjalo lungahle lubonakale njengolugqithisileyo, uvavanyo olunononophelo kunye nolugqibeleleyo lwazo zonke iziphumo ezinokubakho ezinxulumene notshintsho lwemozulu yehlabathi luyaphazamisa kakhulu. Ukuwa nokudideka okunxulunyaniswa nexesha elizayo lokutshintsha kwemozulu kuya kuzinzisa phantse kuwo onke amabakala obomi banamhlanje. Amava kuphela onokuthelekiseka kwabaninzi kweli qela yayicinga ngento ebekuya kuba yiyo emva kwempembelelo yenyukliya yase-US naseSoviet ngexesha lokuphola kweMfazwe ebandayo. ”

Uphando lwakutshanje, olupapashwe yitanki yokucinga yase-Australia ngo-2019, izikhombisi Iminyaka yeziphumo kwaye inika umxholo ohlaziyiweyo, uphawula ukuba, ukuba sibeka “i-feedbacks yexesha elide kwekhabhoni,” ukuzibophelela okwenziwe kwiSivumelwano seParis sika-2015 kungakhokelela kwi-5 ° C yobushushu ngo-2100. Umngcipheko okhuselekileyo ohambelana noKhuseleko lweMozulu, Ivula ngokuchaza ingxelo ye-Senate yase-Australia efumanise ukuba utshintsho lwemozulu "lusongela ukuphela kobomi obukrelekrele boMhlaba okanye intshabalalo engapheliyo nenokubakho yokuphuhlisa okunokwenzeka kwixesha elizayo," kwaye ilumkisa ukuba isoyikiso isondele kwithuba eliphakathi. . " Ababhali baqaphela ukuba iBhanki yeHlabathi ithathela ingqalelo i-4 ° C yokufudumala okunokwenzeka "ngokungaphaya kokulungiswa." Icacile, le ngxelo iqukumbela ngelithi, ukukhusela impucuko yabantu, "ukudityaniswa okukhulu kwemithombo yehlabathi kuyafuneka kule minyaka ilishumi yokwakha inkqubo yokuphelisa imveliso kunye nokuqalisa ukubuyisela imeko-bume ekhuselekileyo. Oku kuyahambelana nesifo sexesha seMfazwe yesibini. ”

Sukuyenza impazamo, olona vavanyo lukhokelwe kwinqanaba lentlekele yemozulu liqikelela ukuba amashumi eminyaka ezayo azakubona amakhulu ezigidi zababaleki bemozulu abatsha bongezwe kumashumi ezigidi esele bebalekile ngenxa yengxaki. Nje ukuba samkele iinguqu ezingenakuphepheka, zenyikima ethembiswa yintlekele yemozulu kumashumi eminyaka ezayo, sijamelene nembono ezimbini zehlabathi. Kowokuqala, emva kokumelana nengxaki, abantu bayasebenzisana kwaye badibanise izixhobo ukuze baxhasane- inkqubo efuna ukujongana nokungafani okukhulu kubutyebi namandla. Eyesibini, ekhethwa ngabantu abakhethekileyo, ibandakanya ukuqina kokungalingani apho abo sele benemali engaphezulu kwemfuneko bathatha isigqibo sokuqhubela phambili ubutyebi kunye nokubiza nabani na odinga "isoyikiso kwezokhuseleko" ukulungiselela ukuthethelela, ubundlobongela obucwangcisiweyo. Uninzi lwabantu luya kuxhamla kumbono wokuqala ngelixa igcuntswana lixhamla okwesibini, kubandakanya abenzi bezixhobo abaphambili behlabathi abanjengoBoing, Lockheed Martin, noRaytheon, phantse zonke ezo zinto zinceda ukuxhasa imali kwiitanki zokucinga ezibonisa ikamva ziwa ngaphandle kwazo.

In Ukubetha udonga, UTodd Miller uhamba nenani leembacu zemozulu kuhambo lwabo olothusayo lokufuduka. Ufumanisa ukuba "umda wexesha le-anthropocene" uhlala "unamafama aselula angaxhobanga kwaye isivuno singaphumeleli ekufumaneni ukwanda kunye nokulawulwa kakhulu kwemida yolawulo, imipu kunye neentolongo." Ngokuchaseneyo neengxelo ezivela kumagosa ezokhuseleko, uthi amazwe kufuneka athabathe ababaleki bemozulu ngokuhambelana nembali yabo yokukhutshwa - oku kuya kuthetha ukuba i-US iyakuthatha i-27% yeembacu, i-EU 25%, i-China i-11% , kwaye nangokunjalo. Uthi, "Endaweni yoko, ezi zezona ndawo zinolwabiwo-mali olukhulu emkhosini. Kwaye ngawo la mazwe namhlanje akha iindonga ezinde zemida. ” Okwangoku, abo bahlala kumazwe angama-48 abizwa ngokuba "ngawona mazwe aphucukileyo," banamathuba ama-5 okusweleka kwintlekele enxulumene nemozulu ngelixa esenza ingxelo engaphantsi kwe-1% yokukhutshwa kwehlabathi. "Imfazwe yokwenene yemozulu," ubhale watsho uMiller, "ayiyiyo phakathi kwabantu abahlukeneyo balwa ngezixhobo ezinqabileyo. Kuphakathi kwabasemagunyeni kunye neengcambu; phakathi kwemeko yokuzibulala nethemba lenguqu ezinzileyo. Umda womkhosi sesinye sezixhobo ezisetyenziswa ngabo basemagunyeni. ” Kukule meko kuphela apho sinokuthi siqale ukubona ukuba imeko ephikisayo ebonakala ngathi iyaphikisana kunye nokuthanda imozulu kwabantu abafanayo bafana: zombini zimalunga nokugcina imeko - nokuba kungokunyanzeliswa kwenye into okanye ngokuthumela umkhosi kulindelwe izoyikiso amandla amiselweyo.

UMiller ubalisa ibali leqela elincinci athe, ethe wachukunyiswa yimpembelelo ekhulayo yokufudumala kwehlabathi kubomi babo, bagqiba ekubeni bahambe ngaphezulu kwe-1,000 2015 leemayile “kuhambo lwabantu” kwiNgqungquthela yeZulu laseParis ye-2013. Ulandela ezimbini zabahambi, u-Yeb no-AG, abazalwana abasuka kwiiPhilippines, ngo-6, babona iTyphoon Haiyan idiliza ikhaya labo. I-AG yasinda kancinane kwisiphango “sedidi 260” abanye abasichaza njenge- "78 yeekhilomitha ububanzi," kwaye bathwala izidumbu zamalungu angama-60 oluntu ngexesha lokuzama ukubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo. U-Yeb, owayengumnxibelelanisi wemozulu kwiPhilippines ngelo xesha, waphela waphulukana nomsebenzi wakhe emva kokugxothwa ngokweemvakalelo kwiNgqungquthela yezeMozulu yaseWarsaw ngelixa wayelindele ilizwi elivela kusapho. Ekuqaleni kohambo lweentsuku ezingama-XNUMX, bathi baxakwe yimiceli mngeni “yokwenyani, yokwenyani” elihlabathi elijongene nayo, kodwa xa babehamba bafumana intuthuzelo kumntu ngamnye omtsha obanike uhlobo oluthile lobubele kuhambo lwabo. Kukudibana 'nabantu bokwenyani,' batsho babamkela kwaye babanikeza iibhedi, ezazinika ithemba.

Ukufika kwabo eParis, bafumana amalungiselelo esixeko sokubamba ingqungquthela yemozulu sele iphoswa ziingxwabangxwaba ngoku ngoNovemba 13^th uhlaselo lunkwantyo. Kwiveki ephelileyo, "umbutho wobulungisa bemozulu udibene nezixhobo zokulwa nezoyikiso." Ngelixa urhulumente ebhengeza imeko yongxamiseko ukuba inqande yonke imbonakalo yemozulu ngaphandle kwengqungquthela, uMiller uxela ukuba kufutshane, iMilipol, itekhnoloji yezomkhosi, yavunyelwa ukuba iqhubeke njengoko bekucwangcisiwe nangona ibandakanyeka ngaphezulu kwabangama-24,000 ababekho xa behamba phakathi kwabathengisi ukuba bafundele kwaye phatha izixhobo. Indawo yokubonisa yayizaliswe ziidrophoni, iimoto ezixhobileyo, udonga lomda, ukubonwa "kwamadodosa enxibe iimpahla zomzimba, ngeemaski zerhasi nemipu yokuhlaselwa," kunye nabathengisi belumkisa ngokuchasene nabantu abazenza ngathi abaziimbacu.

UMiller ubhala ukuba ukunikela ubungqina ngeMilipol kunye nehambo yabantu kwakhanyisa umahluko phakathi kobulungisa bemozulu nokhuseleko lwemozulu: "inkolelo yangaphakathi ngokulunga kwabanye." “Eyona nto siyifunayo sisiseko sobumbano kunye nokubuka iindwendwe kwimida, nangayo yonke indibaniselwano” utshilo uYeb, “lo mbutho kufuneka uqiniswe kwaye wakhelwe nangona kunjalo iinkokheli zehlabathi. ” Kwiveki engqungquthela, apho kwakuza kubhalwa i-Climate Accord ePalamente, ngaphandle kokuvalwa umlomo ngurhulumente, abantu abayi-11,000 bazalisa izitalato ezijongana nerhasi kunye neeklabhu zamapolisa, kunye nabantu abangaphezu kwama-600,000 kwihlabathi liphela bejikeleza ngenkxaso. "Uzinzo ayisiyondlela yokonwaba," utshilo u-Yeb, ngelixa egqiba uhambo kwaye ebeka umngcipheko ekubanjweni ujoyine imiboniso yezobulungisa bezulu, "lithuba lethu kuphela."

UNathan Albright uhlala kwaye usebenza eMaryhouse Catholic Worker eNew York, kunye nokudibana “UMkhukula”.