Ngo-Pat Elder, ngo-Ephreli 27, 2020
ukusuka Ukuboniswa koMbutho
Inkqubo yokuphembelela umlilo kwinqwelomoya yenqwelomoya ikhuphe isixa esikhulu sogwebu lokucima umlilo olunamandla ukusuka eMarine Corps Air Station I-Futenma e-Okinawa nge-10 ka-Epreli.
I-foam inayo i-perfluoro octane sulfonic acid, okanye i-PFOS, kunye ne-perfluoro octanoic acid, okanye i-PFOA. Iisuds ezinkulu ezinamagwebu ezigalelwe emlanjeni wengingqi kunye namafu anamafu anjengamafu abonwa eshukuma ngaphezulu kweemitha ezilikhulu ngaphezulu komhlaba kwaye eza kuhlala kwiindawo zokuhlala.
Isigameko esifanayo senzeka ngoDisemba xa inkqubo yokucinezelwa komlilo ngempazamo yakhupha i-carcinogenic foam efanayo. Ukukhutshwa kwetyhefu kutshanje kuye kwayicaphukisa ingqumbo ka-Okinawan kurhulumente we-Japan kunye nomkhosi wase-US ngokuvuza rhoqo kweekhemikhali eziyityhefu ezisisiseko.
Ezi khemikhali ziyaziwa ukuba negalelo kumatyhalarha, isibindi, ibele kunye nomhlaza wamathumbu, kunye nezifo ezininzi zabantwana kunye nokuxhalabiseka kwesibeleko. Ukuveliswa kwazo nokungeniswa elizweni akunqatshelwe eJapan ukusukela ngo-2010. Amanzi okusela ase-Okinawa aqukethe amanqanaba aphezulu ezinto.
The Okinawa Times kwaye i Maxesha oMkhosi Xela ukuba i-143,830 yeelitha zogwebu ibalekile kwisiseko esiphuma kwi-227,100 yeelitha ezikhutshwe kwi-hangar. I Asahi Shimbun uxele ukuba i-14.4 yeelitha zisindile, akunakufane kuthathelwe ingqalelo ubukhulu bokukhutshwa.
Ngo-Epreli i-18 amagosa aseJapan avunyelwa ukufikelela kwisiseko, ukufikelela okokuqala kunikezelwe okoko kwabonelelwa ngesivumelwano esongezelelekileyo kwisivumelwano seJapan-US Isimo seMikhosi soMkhosi saqala ukusebenza ngo-2015. Isivumelwano sithi urhulumente waseJapan okanye oomasipala bengingqi. "Unokucela" imvume kwicala laseMelika lokwenza uphando.
Akukho nokuba oomasipala base-Okinawa bangaphantsi okanye oomasipala base-Ginowan abaqhagamshelwa ukuba bajoyine uphando. Xa bebuzwa ukuba kutheni amagosa ase-Okinawan ebengekho, umphathiswa wezomkhosi wase-Japan u Taro Kono uphendule wathi le yimpazamo kurhulumente kazwelonke wase Japan Asahi Shimbun
Igosa lase-Okinawan elisemthethweni ngaphambi kwexesha lavunyelwa ukuba lisebenze kwi-Futenma ngo-Epreli 21.
Umkhosi wase-US kunye nabasemagunyeni baseburhulumenteni baseJapan ngokucacileyo bafuna ukugcina uluntu olunomsindo wase-Okinawan ukuba lufumane umfanekiso opheleleyo woyilo lweenkqubo zokucinezelwa kwe-hangar.
Kwimeko yomlilo wenqwelomoya kwi-hangar, iimitha ezintlanu zelebhu ebulalayo zinokugubungela inqwelo-moya kwimizuzu emibini. Xa ikhulu lezigidi zeedola, elityalwe kwindiza enye lisemngciphekweni, akunzima ukuba nomfanekiso ngqondweni wezemali eziqhuba ngale ndlela ikhuselekileyo yokukhusela ipropathi. Igwebu, eliqukethe "iichemicals ezingapheliyo," liwucime ngokulula imililo esekwe ngepetroleum kodwa likwacoca amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, kunye neesistim zendlela yokuhambisa amanzi kumgangatho obulalayo xa ithe yakhutshwa kwi-hangar. Umkhosi wase-US uxabise abo balwela i-jet ngaphezulu kwempilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Okinawans kufuneka kuphela Bukela le vidiyo yenkqubo yokucinezelwa eMcGhee Tyson Air National Guard Base, eKnoxville, eTennessee ukuza kubona ubungqina bokuhlaselwa kolwaphulo-mthetho kuMama woMhlaba nakwizukulwana ezizayo zeentlobo zethu.
Amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba kwisiseko seTennessee iinyawo ezingama-60 ngaphantsi komhlaba kwafunyaniswa ukuba iqulethe i-7,355 ppt yeentlobo ezi-6 ze-per- kunye ne-poly fluoroalkyl izinto, (PFAS), ezodlula nezikhokelo zeArhente yoKhuselo lweNdalo. Amanzi aphezu komhlaba kwisiseko esine-828 ppt ye-PFOS kunye ne-PFOA. Le Foam ye-carcinogenic iye yavunyelwa ukuba ingene kumatshini wesiphango kunye neendlela zococeko zogutyulo. Amanqanaba afanayo e-carcinogens afunyenwe e-Okinawa. Ngamazwi nje, umkhosi wase-US ugcina izitya zangasese eziyityhefu ezinobuthi ezindleleni zamanzi eTennessee, Okinawa, kunye namakhulu ezinye iindawo emhlabeni jikelele.
UTomohiro Yara, ummeli weNational Diet wase-Okinawa, ubonakalisa isimo sengqondo sabantu base-Okinawan xa wathi, "Urhulumente wase-US kufuneka athathe uxanduva olupheleleyo lokucoca umhlaba kunye namanzi kulo naliphi na icandelo lezomkhosi phesheya. Kufuneka sikhusele indalo esingqongileyo kuwo wonke umntu osemhlabeni. ”
Urhulumente ophambili waseJapan, okwaziyo ukuphembelela isimilo saseMelika, ulele ngesondo ngokungaphumeleli ukubuza ukuba kutheni umkhosi wase-US ungagungqi ekusebenziseni amagwebu abulalayo xa kufakwa izinto endaweni efanelekileyo kwaye zisetyenziswa kwihlabathi liphela.
U-Kono uthe amagosa ase-US ayaqhubeka nokujonga ukuba kuvuza njani na, ngokungathi abantu baseMelika abaqinisekanga. Siva ezi zibakala zingenangqondo rhoqo ngalo lonke ixesha bekhulula ubuthi babo kwihlabathi lethu.
Ngeli xesha, amagosa karhulumente waseJapan adlala kanye kunye nomdlalo we-DOD we Ukwenza ngathi ndikhangela izisombululo zokucima umlilo xa sele zikho.
U-Kono wenze umgca wase-US xa wathi kusenokuba lixesha ngaphambi kokuba kufunyanwe enye into engeyiyo ye-PFAS, esithi urhulumente waseJapan kuye kufuneke acele iinkampani zaseJapan ukuba zenze enye into. . Ngaphandle kokuqonda umkhosi okhaliphile wase-US, abantu abaninzi eJapan banokukholelwa kuye.
Yonke le yinxalenye yephulo lokusasaza i-DOD. Bavelisa ukungancedi okunje, Iingcali zeLebhu yoPhando ngeNqanawa yokuKhangela iFo-Fire -ighting Fire Foam. I-DOD isasaza ingxelo malunga "nokhangelo lwabo," kuba ibango lokuba amagwebu angenalo ulwelo ngoku ekhoyo kwintengiso ayizizo iindlela ezizezinye zokwenza i-carcinogenic foams abayisebenzisayo ngoku ukuziqhelanisa nokuqhuba.
Umkhosi wase-US uyazi ukuba le michiza inetyhefu kwizizukulwana ezibini. Baye bangcolisa ukushukuma okukhulu komhlaba ngelixa uzisebenzisa, kwaye ziya kuqhubeka nokuzisebenzisa de zanyanzeleka ukuba zime. Uninzi lwehlabathi luhambile ngaphaya kweentsiba ezibangela umhlaza kwaye sele luqalisile ukusebenzisa amagwebu angenawo umgubo ngaphandle komkhosi ngelixa i-US inamathela kwi-carcinogens yayo.
Umbutho wamazwe angaphandle weArhente yokuHamba ngeNdiza ivume amagwebu angenantlanzi (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-F3) ukuba athi ayalingana nokusebenza kwegagasi lokwenza ifilimu elinamanzi (AFFF) elisetyenziswa ngumkhosi wase-US. I-F3 foams zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizikhululo zeenqwelomoya ezinkulu kwihlabathi, kubandakanya iihabhu ezinkulu zamanye amazwe afana neDubai, Dortmund, Stuttgart, London Heathrow, iManchester, Copenhagen, neAuckland Koln, kunye neBonn. Zonke izikhululo zeenqwelo moya ezinkulu e-Australia zitshintshele kwi-F27 foams. Iinkampani zecandelo labucala ezisebenzisa i-F3 foams zibandakanya i-BP kunye ne-ExxonMobil.
Nangona kunjalo i-DOD iyaqhubeka nokonakalisa impilo yabantu, ukulungiselela bona. Kutshanje bapapashe a Ingxelo yeNkqubela phambili yoMsebenzi wePFAS, I-orchestrated ukudanisa uluntu ngelixa iqhubeka nokusebenzisa izinto eziyingozi. Babanga ukuba baneenjongo ezintathu: (1) ukunciphisa kunye nokuphelisa ukusetyenziswa kwethambo lesifo somzimba; (2) ukuqonda iimpembelelo ze-PFAS kwimpilo yabantu; kunye (3) nokwenza umsebenzi wazo wokucoca onxulumene nePFAS. Yinto eninzi.
I-DOD ayibonisanga nkqubela phambili “ekupheliseni nasekupheliseni” ukusetyenziswa kwogwebu. I-Pentagon iyityeshela isayensi ngasemva kokufakwa endaweni ngelixa inika amandla inkqubo eqinileyo yokuphuhlisa amagwebu akhuselekileyo. Baye bayiqonda imiphumo emibi kwimpilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo kwizukulwana ezibini. Umkhosi wase-US uhlambulule kuphela iqhezu elincinci lezinto ezimbi abazenzileyo kwihlabathi liphela.
Ukuba abaphathi baseFutenma babenomdla onyanisekileyo wokukhusela impilo yabantu kunye nokucoca i-PFAS e-Okinawa, bebeya kuvavanya amanzi esiqithi sonke, kubandakanya amanzi esichotho kunye namanzi amdaka avela kwiindawo ezinesifo. Banokuvavanya i-biosolids kunye ne-sludge yedolophu. Kwaye baya kuvavanya ukutya kwaselwandle kunye nemveliso yezolimo.
Ingxelo yeNkqubela phambili yePentagon ihlolisise umgaqo-nkqubo okhoyo wokucocwa kwendalo phesheya kweDOD kwaye yamisela ukuba iDoD "ithatha inyathelo ngokukhawuleza kwisiseko ukulungisa iimpembelelo ezinkulu kwimpilo yabantu nakukhuseleko ngenxa yemisebenzi yeDoD nokuthobela izivumelwano zamazwe jikelele." Akumangalisi apho. I-DOD ihlala izinika amanqaku aphezulu kubuphathi bendalo.
Ngelishwa, asinakho ukujonga kwiCongress ukubonelela ngokubekekileyo malunga nokuziphatha ngokungakhathali kwe-DOD. Cinga ngale 2020 UMthetho woGunyaziso woKhuseleko kuZwelonke enika umkhosi umkhosi inkululeko yokusebenzisa amagwebu abulalayo ngokungenasiphelo.
Ekuqaleni kuka-2023 Umkhosi wamanzi kufuneka uphuhlise i-arhente engacimi mlilo (xa ingacimiyo imililo sele isetyenzisiwe) kuzo zonke izixhobo zomkhosi kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba iyafumaneka ngo-2025. Ifuba elingenaglasi liza kuba likhona. ifuneka kuzo zonke izixhobo zomkhosi zase-US emva koSeptemba 25, 2025. Nangona kunjalo, umkhosi usenokuqhubeka nokusebenzisa amagwebu asesidumbu ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwawo kuthathwa njengento efanelekileyo yokukhusela ubomi nokhuseleko. I-NDAA ayichazi ngokuthe gca ukuba buphila kabani kukhuseleko nobomi babo. Ngokujonga indlela yabo yehlabathi, umntu unokuthatha ukuba baxhalabile kuphela "bubomi nokhuseleko" lwamalungu enkonzo yaseMelika kunye nabantu abaxhomekeke kubo. Abakhuseli nobomi kubuntu babo kwi-PFAS.
Umkhosi kufuneka ubonelele kwiCongress "uhlalutyo lwabantu abanokubakho abachukunyiswe ngokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwamanzi amdaka enza iflaya" kwaye kutheni izibonelelo zokuqhubeka kokusetyenziswa kwezisongelo zibangela ifuthe elibi kuluntu olunje. Akufanelanga ukuba nzima kakhulu emkhosini ukuvelisa ingxelo enjalo, oko kuthetha ukuba ama-Okinawans kunye nenzala yabo banokulindela ukuba babe ne-foam ngokungapheliyo. I-PFAS kwi-foams inokutshintsha iDNA.
Ukongeza, i-NDAA iya kuqhubeka nokuvumela ukukhutshwa kwe-AFFF ukulungiselela iimpendulo zexesha likaxakeka kunye nokuvavanywa kwezixhobo okanye ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi, "ukuba indawo epheleleyo, ukubanjwa, kunye neendlela ezifanelekileyo zokulahla zikho ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba akukho AFFF ikhutshelwa indalo. ” Inokwenzeka njani loo nto, ukuba iphunyezwe ngeenkqubo zokucinezelela ngaphezulu okulahla iilitha ezingama-227,000, XNUMX zegwebu kwimizuzu embalwa?
Intshukumo yomhlangano kunye nesitampu serabha se-PFAS Task Force ukuqinisa isimo se-cavalier esivezwe nguDavid Steele, umphathi weFutenma Air Base, owathi, ngokubhekisele kwelona khululo lakutsha nje lesithambisi somzimba e-Okinawa, "Ukuba kuyanetha, iya kudamba."
Enkosi kuJoe Essertier ngokuhlelwa kwakhe kunye nengcaciso.
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