Abenzi beArms base-US batyala imali kwiMfazwe eNtsha yeCold

Okukodwa: Emva kwengxokozelo yeendaba-kwezopolitiko yase-US ngeMfazwe entsha yeCold kunye neRussia lutyalo-mali olukhulu olwenziwe yi-Military-Industrial Complex "kwiitanki zokucinga" kunye nezinye iindawo zokusasaza, ubhala uJonathan Marshall.

NguJonathan Marshall, News Consortium

Umkhosi wase-US uphumelele imfazwe enye kuphela ukususela ekupheleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II (iMfazwe yaseGulf ka-1990-91). Kodwa iikontraka zomkhosi zase-US ziyaqhubeka nokuphumelela iimfazwe ezinkulu zohlahlo lwabiwo-mali kwiCongress phantse minyaka le, ebonisa ukuba akukho mandla emhlabeni anokumelana namandla abo okuphembelela kunye nezopolitiko.

Qwalasela umngcelele osingise kuloyiso lweyona nkqubo inkulu yezixhobo ezimbalini - ukuthengwa okucwangcisiweyo kweejethi ze-Lockheed-Martin F-35 zoMkhosi woMoya, uMkhosi wasemanzini, kunye neeMarines ngexabiso eliqikelelweyo. ngaphezu kwe $ 1 trillion.

Umkhosi wasemoyeni kunye neeMarines zombini zibhengeze ukuba iJoint Strike Fighter ilungele ukulwa, kwaye iCongress ngoku ifuna iibhiliyoni zeedola ngonyaka ukufumana oko kumiselwe ukuba ibe yinqwelo yeejethi ze-2,400.

Ukanti eyona bhombu ibiza imali eninzi ehlabathini ayikasebenzi ngokufanelekileyo kwaye isenokungaze iqhube njengoko ipapashiwe. Akunjalo "dezinformatsiya” evela kwiingcali zaseRashiya “zemfazwe yolwazi”. Lo ngumbono osemthethweni womvavanyi wezixhobo eziphezulu zePentagon, uMichael Gilmore.

Ku Agasti, 9 memo efunyenwe yiBloomberg News, uGilmore ulumkise amagosa aphezulu ePentagon ukuba inkqubo ye-F-35 “ayikho kwindlela eya empumelelweni kodwa isendleleni eya ekusileleni ukuzisa” amandla athenjisiweyo enqwelomoya. Uthe inkqubo "iphelelwa lixesha kunye nemali yokugqiba uvavanyo lwenqwelomoya olucwangcisiweyo kunye nokuphumeza izilungiso ezifunekayo kunye nohlengahlengiso."

Umphathi wovavanyo lwasemkhosini uxele ukuba iingxaki zesoftware kunye nokusilela kovavanyo "ziyaqhubeka nokufunyanwa ngesantya esikhulu." Ngenxa yoko, iinqwelo-moya zisenokungalandeli izinto ezijoliswe kuzo emhlabeni, zilumkise abaqhubi xa iinkqubo zotshaba zizibona, okanye zisebenzise ibhombu entsha eyilwe. Kwanompu we-F-35 usenokungasebenzi kakuhle.

Iimvavanyo eziphazamisayo

Uvavanyo lwangaphakathi lwePentagon yayiyeyona yamva nje kuluhlu olude lwe iimvavanyo ezibalulekileyo ezitshabalalisayo kunye nokusilela kuphuhliso lwenqwelomoya. Ziquka iziseko eziphindaphindiweyo zendiza ngenxa yomlilo kunye neminye imiba yokhuseleko; ukufunyanwa kokungazinzi kwenjini okuyingozi; kunye nezigcina-ntloko ezinokubangela i-whiplash ebulalayo. Inqwelomoya yade yabethwa ngokuvakalayo kubudlelwane obuhlekisayo kunye neF-16 endala kakhulu (kwaye inexabiso eliphantsi).

Kunyaka ophelileyo, i inqaku kwi-conservative Uhlolo lweSizwe waxoxa ngelithi "esona sisongelo sisesona sisoyikiso somkhosi wase-US kumashumi ambalwa eminyaka azayo ayingomjukujelwa obulalayo waseTshayina ochasene nenqanawa, okanye ukwanda kohlaselo lombane lwedizili olungabizi kakhulu, okanye iinkqubo ezichasene nesathelayithi zaseTshayina naseRussia. Esona sisongelo esikhulu sivela kwi-F-35. . . Kolu tyalo-mali lwetriliyoni yeedola kunye ne-dollar sifumana inqwelomoya ecotha kakhulu kune-1970s F-14 Tomcat, inqwelomoya engaphantsi kwesiqingatha soluhlu lwe-40 ye-A-6 Intruder. . . kunye nenqwelomoya eyayinikwe intloko yiF-16 kukhuphiswano lwamva nje lokulwa.”

Efanisa i-F-35 nenkqubo yejethi yokulwa yangaphambili engaphumelelanga, uColonel Dan Ward woMkhosi womoya odla umhlala-phantsi iqwalaselwe kunyaka ophelileyo, “Mhlawumbi eyona meko ilungileyo yeJoint Strike Fighter kukuba ilandele emanyathelweni e-F-22 kwaye ibonelele ngesakhono sokulwa esingenamsebenzi kwiimfuno zokwenyani zomkhosi. Ngaloo ndlela, xa yonke inqanawa imiswa ngenxa yesiphene esingasombululekiyo, impembelelo kwindlela esizikhusela ngayo iya kuba yinto engekhoyo.”

I-Lockheed's "I-Arhente yeNtengiso yokuhlawula-ukudlala"

Ukuza kukhuseleko lwenkqubo Kutshanje ibingumhlalutyi wezomkhosi uDan Goure, kwibhlog yemagazini ehlonitshwayo, Umdla weSizwe. UGoure wabajongela phantsi abagxeki kwi-Ofisi yoVavanyo lokuSebenza kunye noVavanyo lwePentagon “njengabantu bemihlo eluhlaza, njengeegoblins zikaGringot’s kuthotho lweHarry Potter.”

Echaza i-F-35 "njengeqonga loguquko," watsho, "ubuchule bayo bokusebenza bungakhange bubonwe kwindawo yomoya enobutshaba, ukuqokelela ulwazi kunye nokujolisa idatha kumoya wotshaba kunye nokujoliswe kuko komhlaba, ngaphambi kokuqalisa uhlaselo olothusayo lubonisa inzuzo eqinisekileyo kwiinkqubo ezikhoyo zezoyikiso. . . . . Inkqubo yovavanyo lweJoint Strike Fighter yenza inkqubela ngesantya esikhawulezileyo. Ngaphezu koko, nangaphambi kokuba igqibe ithempleyithi yokusebenza engqongqo ebekwe yi-DOT&E, i-F-35 ibonakalise amandla adlulayo nawuphi na umlo wangoku waseNtshona.

Ukuba oko kufunda kancinci njengencwadana yentengiso ye-Lockheed-Martin, qwalasela umthombo. Kwinqaku lakhe, uGoure wazichaza kuphela njengosekela mongameli weLexington Institute amatyala ngokwawo "njengombutho ongenzi nzuzo womgaqo-nkqubo woluntu okwikomkhulu eArlington, eVirginia."

Into angazange ayithethe uGoure - kwaye iLexington Institute ayichazi ngokubanzi - kukuba "ifumana iminikelo evela kwizigebenga zokhuselo iLockheed Martin, iBoeing, iNorthrop Grumman kunye nabanye, abahlawula uLexington ukuba 'agqabaze ngokhuselo,'" ngokutsho 2010 profile inPolitico.

Ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, Harper kaThixo umnikeli uKen Silverstein ebizwa itanki yokucinga ecatshulwe ngokubanzi "i-arhente yezokhuselo ehlawulayo ukuze idlale." Wongeze wathi, "Impahla efana neLexington ivelisa iinkomfa zabezindaba, amaphepha ezikhundla kunye nee-op-eds ezigcina imali yomkhosi ingena kwiikontraka zokhuselo."

Unxulumano olungathanga ngqo lukaGoure kunye noLockheed lunika ingcebiso yokuba kutheni iinkqubo ezifana ne-F-35 ziqhubeka ziqhuba kakuhle ngaphandle kokusilela ekusebenzeni, iindleko ezinkulu, kunye nokulibaziseka kweshedyuli ebinokuthi ibangele uphando lwengqungquthela kunye nokuvelisa imijelo yentetho enomsindo evela kubahlalutyi beFox News. malunga nokusilela kukarhulumente.

Ukukhuthaza iMfazwe eNtsha yeCold

Cinga amatanki afana neLexington Institute abahamba phambili ngasemva kwephulo lenkohliso lasekhaya lokuvuselela iMfazwe yoMlomo ngokuchasene nelizwe laseRussia elinciphileyo kunye nokuthethelela iinkqubo zezixhobo ezifana ne-F-35.

Njengoko uLee Fang ibonwe mva nje in Ukuthintela, "Intetho eyandayo echasene neRussian kwiphulo likamongameli wase-US iza phakathi koxinzelelo olukhulu lweekontraka zomkhosi zokubeka iMoscow njengotshaba olunamandla ekufuneka ibalwe ngokunyuka okukhulu kwenkcitho yasemkhosini ngamazwe e-NATO."

Ngaloo ndlela i-Lockheed-nkxaso-mali ye-Aerospace Industries Association lumkisa ukuba ulawulo luka-Obama luyasilela ukuchitha ngokwaneleyo "kwinqwelomoya, kwiinqanawa kunye neenkqubo zokulwa ezisemhlabeni" ukulungisa ngokwaneleyo "ubundlobongela baseRussia kumnyango we-NATO." I I-Lockheed- kunye ne-Pentagon-ixhaswa ngemaliIziko loHlalutyo loMgaqo-nkqubo waseYurophu likhupha umjelo we iingxelo alarmist ngezisongelo zomkhosi waseRashiya kwiMpuma Yurophu.

Kwaye iBhunga le-Atlantic enempembelelo kakhulu- Kuxhaswa ngemali nguLockheed-Martin, uRaytheon, uMkhosi waManzi wase-US, uMkhosi, uMkhosi woMoya, iiMarines, kunye neNkongolo yeHlabathi yaseUkraine - iyakhuthaza. amanqaku njengokuthi "Kutheni Uxolo lungenakwenzeka kunye noPutin" kunye wathi ukuba i-NATO kufuneka "izibophelele kwinkcitho enkulu emkhosini" ukujongana "neRussian revanchist."

Imvelaphi yoKwandiswa kwe-NATO

Iphulo lokubonisa iRussia njengesigrogriso, elikhokelwa ziingcali ezifumana inkxaso-mali kwikontraka kunye nabahlalutyi, laqala kamsinya nje emva kokuphela kweMfazwe Yomlomo. Ngo-1996, umphathi we-Lockheed uBruce Jackson isiseko iKomiti yase-US yeNATO, isaci sayo sasisithi “Yomeleza iMelika, Khusela iYurophu. Khusela Imilinganiselo. Yandisa i-NATO. "

Umsebenzi wayo wabaleka ngokuthe ngqo ngokuchasene thembiso ngolawulo lukaGeorge HW Bush lokungawandisi umanyano lomkhosi waseNtshona ukuya ngasempuma emva kokuwa kweSoviet Union.

Ukujoyina uJackson yayingookhetshe abanjengoPaul Wolfowitz, uRichard Perle kunye noRobert Kagan. Omnye we-neocon wangaphakathi obizwa ngokuba nguJackson - oqhubekile wafumana iKomiti yeNkululeko yase-Iraq - "i-nexus phakathi kweshishini lezokhuselo kunye neoconservatives. Usiguqulela kubo, nabo baguqulele kuthi.”

Iinzame zokuphembelela ezinzulu nezinempumelelo kakhulu zombutho azizange zibonakale. Ngowe-1998, i ENew York Times umbiko ukuba "abavelisi bezixhobo baseMelika, abamele ukufumana iibhiliyoni zeedola ekuthengiseni izixhobo, iinkqubo zonxibelelwano kunye nezinye izixhobo zomkhosi ukuba i-Senate iyakuvuma ukwandiswa kwe-NATO, benze utyalo-mali olukhulu kwii-lobbyists kunye negalelo lephulo lokukhuthaza injongo yabo eWashington. . . .

“Ishumi elinesibini leenkampani ezineshishini elikhulu lezixhobo zithululele abagqatswa ngeedola ezingama-32.3 ezigidi ukusukela oko kwawa ubuKomanisi eMpuma Yurophu ekuqaleni kweminyaka elishumi. Ngokwentelekiso, indawo yokusebenzela icuba yachitha ii-R26.9 zezigidi kwangelo xesha linye, ngowe-1991 ukusa kowe-1997.”

Isithethi sikaLockheed sithe, "Sithathe indlela yexesha elide yokwandisa i-NATO, siseka umanyano. Xa imini ifika kwaye loo mazwe ekwimeko yokuthenga iinqwelomoya zokulwa, ngokuqinisekileyo sizimisele ukukhuphisana.”

Ukuphembelela abantu kwasebenza. Ngo-1999, ngokuchasene nenkcaso yaseRashiya, I-NATO yafunxa iCzech Republic, iHungary nePoland. Ngo-2004, yongeza iBulgaria, i-Estonia, iLatvia, iLithuania, iRomania, iSlovakia neSlovenia. I-Albania ne-Croatia zingenelele ngo-2009. Eyona nto ixhokonxayo, ngo-2008 i-NATO yamema i-Ukraine ukuba ijoyine umanyano lwaseNtshona, ibeka isiseko songquzulwano oluyingozi phakathi kwe-NATO ne-Russia malunga nelo lizwe namhlanje.

Ubutyebi babenzi bezixhobo baseMelika banda. "Ngo-2014, amalungu alishumi elinesibini amatsha [NATO] athenge izixhobo zaseMelika ezixabisa i-17 yeebhiliyoni zeedola," ngokutsho kuAndrew Cockburn, “ngoxa . . . I-Romania ibhiyozele ukufika kwe-134 yezigidi zeerandi yokuqala ye-Lockheed Martin Aegis Ashore yokhuselo lwemijukujelwa elunxwemeni.”

Ukuwa kokugqibela, Ijenali yoShishino lwaseWashington umbiko ukuba “ukuba kukho nabani na ozuzayo ngokungazinzi phakathi kweRashiya kunye nehlabathi liphela, kuya kufuneka ukuba kube yiBethesda-based Lockheed Martin Corp. (NYSE: LMT). Inkampani ikulungele ukwenza ingeniso enkulu kwinto enokuba yinkcitho yezomkhosi kumazwe ngamazwe ngabamelwane baseRashiya.”

Icaphula ikhontrakthi enkulu yokuthengisa imijukujelwa ePoland, iphephandaba longeze ngelithi, “Amagosa asuka eLockheed akachazi gca ukuba uMongameli waseRussia uVladimir Putin e-Ukraine ulungele ishishini, kodwa akonqeni ukuliqonda ithuba iPoland. ukubabonisa njengoko iWarsaw iqhubeka neprojekthi enkulu yokuphucula izixhobo zomkhosi-eye yakhula ngokukhawuleza njengoko kugquba iingxwabangxwaba eMpuma Yurophu.

Umatshini weLobby ye-Lockheed

I-Lockheed iyaqhubeka nokumpompa imali kwinkqubo yezopolitiko yaseMelika ukuqinisekisa ukuba ihlala iyeyona ikontraki inkulu yelizwe. Ukususela 2008 ukuya 2015, yayo ukuphembelela inkcitho kudlule i-13 lezigidi zeerandi kuzo zonke ngaphandle konyaka omnye. IKHAMPANI ishishini elifefayo ukusuka kwinkqubo F-35 ukuya 46 uthi kwaye amabango ukuba ivelisa amashumi amawaka emisebenzi.

Phakathi kwamazwe ali-18 anandipha impembelelo yezoqoqosho engaphezulu kwe-100 yezigidi zeedola ukusuka kwijethi yokulwa yiVermont - yiyo loo nto i-F-35 ifumana inkxaso. nakwiSen. Bernie Sanders.

Njengoko waxelela enye indibano kwiholo yedolophu, “Iqeshe amakhulu abantu. Ibonelela ngemfundo yasekholejini kumakhulu abantu. Ke kum umbuzo awukho ukuba sinayo i-F-35 okanye hayi. Ilapha. Umbuzo kum ngowokuba ingaba ikwiBurlington, Vermont okanye iseFlorida.

Ngowe-1961, uMongameli Eisenhower waphawula ukuba “ukumanyana kweqela elikhulu lomkhosi neshishini elikhulu lezixhobo” kwakusele kuqalisile ukuba nempembelelo “kuzo zonke izixeko, zonke izindlu zikaRhulumente, zonke iofisi zorhulumente weSizwe.”

Kwintetho yakhe edumileyo yokuvalelisa isizwe, uEisenhower walumkisa ngelithi “kufuneka sikulumkele ukufunyanwa kwempembelelo engafanelekanga, nokuba iyafunwa okanye ayifunwa, ngumbutho wezomkhosi nowemizi-mveliso. Amandla okunyuka okuyingozi kwamandla angafanelekanga akhona kwaye aya kuhlala ehleli. ”

Wayenyanisile kangakanani. Kodwa nkqu no-Ike wayengenakucinga ngeendleko ezigqithisileyo kwisizwe sokusilela ukubamba obu bunzima-ukususela kwinkqubo yejethi yokulwa yezigidigidi zeedola ukuya kuvuko olungafunekiyo noluyingozi kakhulu lweMfazwe ebandayo kwikota yenkulungwane emva kokuba iNtshona iphumelele. uloyiso.