NguJohn LaForge, I-Grassroots Cinezela
“Ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezingama-60 ukusuka kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya saseBrussels,” iKleine Brogel Air Base yenye yeendawo ezintandathu zaseYurophu apho iUnited States isagcina izixhobo zenyukliya ezisebenzayo, uWilliam Arkin wabhala kwinyanga ephelileyo. Umcebisi wezokhuseleko welizwe le-NBC News Investigates, u-Arkin walumkisa ukuba ezi bhombu "ziyayiphepha ingqalelo yoluntu kangangokuba ukuhlaselwa kwenyukliya emva kokuhlaselwa kweBelgium kuyenzeka ngaphandle kokuba iibhombu zikhankanywe."
Kwisiseko seKleine Brogel, kuqikelelwa ukuba iibhombu zenyukliya ze-B20 zase-US ziqikelelwa kwi-61 ukuba zithwalwe kwaye zihanjiswe ziijethi zokulwa ze-F-16 zoMkhosi woMoya waseBelgian. Ukanti ezi zixhobo “azizange zivele kwiindaba ezilandela [ngoMatshi 22] iziqhushumbisi ze-Islamic State eBrussels,” u-Arkin wabhalela iNewsVice. I-B61s ayizange ikhankanywe kwiingxelo zokufa kokudubula komlindi we-nyukliya waseBelgium, u-Arkin uthe, okanye kumabali malunga nokhuseleko lwe-lax kwii-reactors zamandla zaseBelgium.
Namhlanje, kuphela i-180-ngaphandle kwe-7,000 ye-nukes yase-US kanye isetyenziswe eYurophu-isagcinwe ilungile: eBelgium, eJamani, eItali, eNetherlands naseTurkey. UArkin uthi: “Kwaye izixhobo zenyukliya zaseSoviet ziye zasuswa eMpuma Yurophu.” Ukuba "izixhobo zenyukliya zinokususwa kwi-Peninsula yaseKorea, ngokuqinisekileyo akuyomfuneko ukuba zibekho ngokwasemzimbeni eYurophu," watsho. "Amanye amahlakani enyukliya e-NATO ayekile inyukliya. Ngo-2001, izixhobo zenyukliya zokugqibela zarhoxiswa eGrisi. Izixhobo zenyukliya zase-US zade zarhoxiswa eBritani ngowama-2008.”
Ezinye iingcali zikwayibonile into ethathwa ngundaba-mlonyeni njengeemeko zobugrogrisi. UHans M. Kristensen, ongumalathisi weProjekthi yeNyukliya yeNyukliya yeFederation of American Scientists, ulumkise kwinyanga ephelileyo esithi, “Abarhanelwa abarhanelwa babeke iliso labo kwesinye seziseko zaseItali [ezimbini kuzo apho iibhombu zase-US B61], kunye nesona sikhulu senyukliya. Impahla eYurophu [i-90 US B61s e-Incirlik] iphakathi kwemvukelo yabahlali eTurkey engaphantsi kweekhilomitha ezingama-70 ukusuka eSyria edlakazwe yimfazwe. Ngaba ngokwenene le yindawo ekhuselekileyo yokugcina izixhobo zenyukliya?” Impendulo ithi Hayi, Ngokukodwa ngokuqwalasela ukuba ukususela kwi-9 / 11 abashokobezi baye babetha eBelgium kathathu, iJamani kunye ne-Italiya kanye, kunye neTurkey ubuncinane ngamaxesha e-20-kwaye onke amaqabane amane e-NATO angaphandle kwe-B61 yangoku.
Amashishini amakhulu emva kweebhombu ezintsha ze-H
Uninzi lwabantu baseYurophu, abaphathiswa abadumileyo be-NATO kunye neenjengele, kunye nezigqibo zepalamente yaseBelgium kunye neJamani zonke zifuna ukususwa ngokusisigxina kwee-B61s. I-holdup ayiloluvo loluntu, iimfuno zokhuseleko okanye ithiyori yokuthintela kodwa ishishini elikhulu.
I-Nuclear Watch New Mexico ibika ukuba i-US National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) ifumana malunga ne-7 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngonyaka ukugcina kunye "nokuphucula" izixhobo zenyukliya. I-Air Force ifuna ukuba kwakhiwe i-400-500 entsha ye-B61-12, i-180 ecwangciselwe ukubuyisela iinguqulelo ezikhoyo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-B61-3, -4, -7, -10, kunye -11 ngoku eYurophu. Kwi-2015, i-NNSA iqikelele iindleko zokutshintsha i-B61s kwi-8.1 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwiminyaka eyi-12. Ukunyuswa kwebhajethi kufunwa minyaka le.
Iilebhu zethu zezixhobo zenyukliya zikhuthaza kwaye zitya kulo loliwe wegravy, njengoko iNuclear Watch NM iphawula, ngakumbi iSandia National Lab (inkampani ephantsi kweLockheed Martin Corp.) kunye neLos Alamos National Lab, zombini eNew Mexico, eyongamela uyilo, ukwenziwa kunye novavanyo lwe-B61-12.
UWilliam Hartung, onguMntu kwiZiko loMgaqo-nkqubo waMazwe ngaMazwe, unika ingxelo yokuba iikontraka eziphambili zezixhobo ezifana neBechtel kunye neBoeing zifumana inzuzo enkulu kuhlaziyo lwezixhobo. U-Lockheed Martin "ufumana izibilini ezimbini kwi-apile," u-Hartung uthi, kuba ikwayile kwaye yakha ibhomu ye-F-35A, "eya kufakwa ukuthwala i-B61-12, njengoko kuya kwenza i-F-15E (McDonnell Douglas), F-16 (General Dynamics), B-2A (Northrop Grumman), B-52H (Boeing), Tornado (Panavia Aircraft) kunye nabahlaseli beebhombu kwixesha elizayo.”
Nangona iUnited States ithembise ukuba ayizukwakha izixhobo zenyukliya ezitsha, uKristensen, kunye noMatthew McKinzie, umlawuli weNkqubo yeNyukliya kwiBhunga lezoKhuselo lweNdalo, banika ingxelo yokuba “[T] amandla e-B61-12 entsha ... kubonakala ngathi kuqhubeka ukwanda. ’ Olu tshintsho luntsonkothileyo lwezixhobo zenyukliya ludla imali eninzi yerhafu. Kwaye imali ihlala isiza ngenxa yokuba iyatshisa kwaye ivuza amandla abonwayo kunye nodumo abasebenzi bezixhobo zenyukliya baqhubela phambili kwinkampani, imfundo, umkhosi kunye nezopolitiko.
Uqhanqalazo olude lwehlobo luyaqhuba eBüchel Air Base, ikhaya kwiibhombu ezingama-20 zase-US
Iqela laseJamani i-Nuclear-Free Büchel isungule i-19 yayoth Uthotho lwezenzo zonyaka ezichasene neziqhushumbisi ezingama-20 ze-B61 ezifakwe kwi-Büchel Air Force Base eNtshona-mbindi waseJamani. Isikhalo salo nyaka somsitho othathe iiveki ezingama-20: “I-Büchel Ikuyo Yonke Indawo.” Umsebenzi waqala nge-26 kaMatshi-isikhumbuzo sesigqibo se-German Bundestag sika-2010 esibiza ukuhoxiswa kwe-B61s-kwaye iyaqhubeka nge-9 Aug., Usuku lweNagasaki. Ngaphandle nje kwesango eliphambili, iibhena ezinobukhulu obungaphezulu, iiplacards kunye nomsebenzi wobugcisa ukhumbula inzame eyimpumelelo kwiminyaka engama-30 eyadlulayo eyakhupha imijukujelwa yeCruise eyi-96 yase-US evela eHunsrück, eJamani: Ngo-Oct. 11, 1986, abantu abangaphezu kwe-200,000 bamatsha apho ngokuchasene ne-NATO. uceba ukusebenzisa iziqhushumbisi zenyukliya ngaphakathi eJamani ngokuchasene nohlaselo lweWarsaw Pact, oko kukuthi, ikrelekrele lomkhosi lokutshabalalisa iJamani ukuze liyisindise. Kubonakala ngathi izinto ziya kutshintsha ...
