nguLyndal Rowlands, I-Arhente yeendaba ze-Inter Press Service
– Abasithoba kwabalishumi abaphezulu behlabathi abathumela izixhobo ngaphandle baza kuhlala kwiBhunga lezoKhuseleko le-UN phakathi kombindi wowama-2016 ukuya phakathi ku-2018.
Abasithoba baquka amalungu amane ajikelezayo - iSpain, iUkraine, iItali kunye neNetherlands - evela eYurophu, kunye namalungu amahlanu asisigxina ebhunga - iChina, iFransi, iRashiya, iUnited Kingdom kunye neMelika.
Ngokutsho kwe2015 idata evela kwiStockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), la mazwe alithoba ngawona alishumi ahamba phambili ekuthengiseni izixhobo ngaphandle elizweni. IJamani ibekwe kwinombolo yesi-5, yiyo kuphela i-10 ephezulu ethumela ngaphandle engelolungu lamva nje, langoku okanye elilindelekileyo lebhunga elinamalungu ali-15.
Nangona kunjalo, uPieter Wezeman, uMphandi oMkhulu kwiNkqubo yeNkcitho yeArms kunye neMilitary kwi-SIPRI uxelele i-IPS ukuba "akazange akhwankqiswe kwaphela" ukubona abaninzi abathumela izixhobo ngaphandle kwebhunga.
“Enyanisweni ngumsebenzi njengesiqhelo: amalungu amahlanu asisigxina eBhunga lezoKhuseleko ngokuqinisekileyo ngeendlela ezininzi ngawona magunya asemkhosini awomeleleyo,” utshilo uWezeman.
Amalungu amabini nje asisigxina, i-United States kunye neepesenti ze-33 kunye neRashiya kunye neepesenti ze-25, zibalelwa kwipesenti ze-58 zeepesenti ze-2015 ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kweengalo zehlabathi, ngokutsho kwedatha ye-SIPRI. I-China kunye neFransi zithatha indawo yesithathu neyesine kunye nezabelo ezincinci kakhulu ze-5.9 yeepesenti kunye ne-5.6 ekhulwini ngokulandelanayo.
Ubume bamalungu amaninzi eBhunga lezoKhuseleko ajikelezayo njengabathumeli bezixhobo ngaphandle ngelixa "unomdla", ubukhulu becala bunokuba "ngengozi," wongeze watsho uWezeman.
Iingxwabangxwaba ezikhoyo eYemen naseSyria zenza imizekelo eyahlukileyo yempembelelo enayo amalungu eBhunga lezoKhuseleko njengabathengisi bezixhobo ngaphandle.
"Ezinye zeengxaki ezinkulu iBhunga lezoKhuseleko elijongene nazo ngoku, ngakumbi iYemen ngokomzekelo, ubukhulu becala ziye zaziswa malunga nezenzo zamalungu alo ekuthengiseni izixhobo kumaqela angquzulanayo," uAnna Macdonald, uMlawuli wezoLawulo lwezixhobo uxelele i-IPS. .
"Besisoloko sibiza ngokuqhubekayo unyaka ngoku ukuba ukuhanjiswa kwezixhobo eSaudi Arabia kunqunyanyiswe kwimeko yengxaki yaseYemen, ngenxa yenqanaba elibi lokubandezeleka kwabantu okukhoyo nangenxa yendima ethile yokudluliselwa kweengalo. edlala kuyo.”
UMacdonald uthi ukuhanjiswa kwezixhobo eSaudi Arabia ukuze zisetyenziswe eYemen kukwaphula umthetho wobuntu kunye neSivumelwano soRhwebo lweArms.
Uxinzelelo lwasekhaya oluvela kwimibutho yoluntu, nangona kunjalo, luye lwabangela amazwe athile aseYurophu, kuquka iSweden eya kujoyina iBhunga lezoKhuseleko ngoJanuwari 2017, ukukhawulela ukuthengiswa kweengalo eSaudi Arabia, utshilo uWezeman. ISweden, eza kubamba isihlalo kwibhunga ukusuka ngoJanuwari 2017 ukuya kuDisemba 2018, ingena njengenani le-12 lokuthumela ngaphandle izixhobo kwihlabathi.
Nangona kunjalo ukuthunyelwa kwezixhobo ezithunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle kumalungu eBhunga lezoKhuseleko ayingomthombo obalulekileyo wezixhobo kungquzulwano oluthathelwa ingqalelo libhunga.
Ngokomzekelo, amalungu ebhunga aye abonisa ithemba lokuvalwa kweengalo ngokuchasene neSudan yaseSudan ixesha elide le-2016, nangona kunjalo izixhobo ezisetyenziswe eSouth Sudan azihlobene ngokusondeleyo nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kumalungu eBhunga lezoKhuseleko.
“ISouth Sudan lilizwe elifumana izixhobo ezilula nezilula. Ayifuni itanki yamva nje, inokwenza netanki eneminyaka engama-30 okanye engama-40,” utshilo uWezeman.
Ngokutsho kukaWezeman, kusenokwenzeka ukuba uqwalaselo lwezobupolitika kunokuba lube nefuthe kwizigqibo zamalungu eBhunga lezoKhuseleko ngokuphathelele uthintelo lwezixhobo, ekubeni ingeniso evela kwiintengiso zezixhobo “ilinganiselwe xa ithelekiswa noqoqosho lwawo lulonke.”
"Uninzi lwamazwe aphantsi kwe-UN embargo yezixhobo zihlala zingamazwe ahlwempuzekileyo apho iintengiso zayo nantoni na, kubandakanya nezixhobo, azinkulu kakhulu," wongeze watsho.
Lilonke, nangona kunjalo uMacdonald uthi amalungu eBhunga lezoKhuseleko anoxanduva olulodwa ekugcineni uxolo nokhuseleko lwamazwe ngamazwe, kwaye oku kunabela kuxanduva lwawo njengabathengisi bezixhobo kumazwe angaphandle.
“Ngokucacileyo singacaphula iNqaku lesi-5 le-UN: khuthaza ukugcinwa koxolo nokona kuphambukiswa kwezixhobo kuncinci,” utshilo.
“Singaxoxa ukuba i-1.3 yetriliyoni enikezelwe kwinkcitho yasemkhosini ngoku ayihambelani nomoya okanye ileta yomqulu we-UN,” wongeze watsho, ephawula ukuba oku kungaphezulu kakhulu kunokubiza ukuphelisa intlupheko egqithisileyo.
