I-Science Science Digest, Septemba 28, 2018.
Umxholo:
UNobhala-Jikelele weZizwe eziManyeneyo, u-António Guterres, ucela amalungu ukuba axhase imisebenzi yokugcina uxolo ye-UN kunye nezibophelelo ezinkulu zemali, izixhobo kunye nabasebenzi. ISayensi yoXolo ibonisa ukuba ukulwa kwemikhosi yokugcina uxolo kunokukhusela abantu kwixesha elifutshane kodwa kube neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
KwiiNdaba:
“Ukususela oko izigcina-ntloko zokuqala eziluhlaza zasetyenziswa ngowe-1948, ukugcinwa koxolo kuye kwenza amazwe ehlabathi ahlangabezana nezisongelo ezifanayo zoxolo nokhuseleko nokwabelana ngomthwalo phantsi kweflegi yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo. Kwiminyaka engama-70 edluleyo, abangaphezu kwesigidi esi-1 abagcini boxolo—abafazi namadoda, amajoni, amapolisa, nabemi abasuka kumazwe ngamazwe—baye basabela kuthotho lweengxwabangxwaba, yaye ukugcinwa koxolo ngokwako kuye kwahlengahlengisa ngokuthe rhoqo ukuhlangabezana nezi mfuno. IBhunga lezoKhuseleko leZizwe eziManyeneyo liye lathumela imisebenzi engaphezulu kwe-70 ukunceda ukugcina imilo phakathi kwamazwe, ukuphelisa iimfazwe zamakhaya ezithatha ixesha elide, ukukhusela abantu abasengozini kunye nokusindisa ubomi, ukuqinisa umthetho, ukuseka amaziko amatsha okhuseleko, kunye nokunceda amazwe amatsha, njengeTimor. Leste, ibekho. Kodwa ukugcina uxolo lishishini eliyingozi kakhulu. Amashumi amawaka abagcini boxolo namhlanje amiselwe apho kungekho xolo lungako. Kunyaka ophelileyo, abagcini boxolo abangama-61 babulawa kwizenzo zobutshaba, kwaye abagcini boxolo bethu bahlaselwa izihlandlo ezingaphezu kwama-300.- phantse kube kanye ngosuku. E-Mali naseCentral African Republic, ndazibonela ngokwam umsebenzi obalulekileyo owenziwe ngama-helmets aluhlaza imihla ngemihla-kungekhona nje ukugcina uxolo kodwa ukuxhasa ukuhanjiswa koncedo loluntu kunye nokukhusela abantu. Ndibeke izithsaba ezininzi kakhulu kubagcini boxolo abawileyo.”
“Senze amanyathelo amatsha okujongana nokunyuka kwabantu abaswelekayo, kwaye ndigunyazise ukuphononongwa kweqhinga elizimeleyo lomsebenzi ngamnye wokugcina uxolo. Kodwa kucacile kum ukuba asinalo naliphi na ithuba lokuphumelela ngaphandle kwenkxaso yehlabathi ecacileyo nengacacanga. Okulindelweyo kugcino loxolo ukodlula zombini inkxaso kunye nezixhobo... Leyo yimvelaphi yenyathelo lokuqala loXolo loXolo, elasungulwa ngoMatshi. Ijolise ekuceleni onke amazwe angamalungu e-UN kunye namanye amahlakani ukuba avuselele ukuzibophelela kwawo kwi-UN yokugcina uxolo ukuze siqhubeke siyiphucula kunye. Siye saba neengxoxo ezinzulu nezicacileyo zokuchonga iindawo apho kufuneka umzamo othe kratya kwaye senze isiBhengezo sokuZibophelela ekwabelwana ngaso kwiMisebenzi ye-UN yoXolo. Isibhengezo simele i-ajenda ecacileyo nengxamisekileyo yokugcina uxolo. Ngokuvuma isibhengezo, oorhulumente babonisa ukuzibophelela kwabo ekuqhubeleni phambili izisombululo zezopolitiko kwiingxabano, ekomelezeni ukukhuselwa kwabantu abasesichengeni abaphantsi kolawulo lwethu, nokuphucula ukhuseleko nokhuseleko lwabagcini boxolo bethu. Ngoku kufuneka siguqule ezi zibophelelo zibe yinkxaso ebonakalayo entsimini. Isibhengezo sifuna ukuba sonke siphucule imisebenzi yethu, ukwandisa ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabasetyhini kuzo zonke iinkalo zokugcina uxolo, ukuqinisa ubudlelwane kunye noorhulumente, kwaye sithathe amanyathelo okuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi bethu baphila kumgangatho ophezulu wokuziphatha kunye nokuziphatha. "
Ukuqonda kwiNzululwazi yoXolo:
- Ukugcinwa koxolo okuqinileyo, nangona kunokuphumelela ekukhuseleni abemi kwixesha elifutshane, kunemiphumo engalindelekanga enokuthi ibeke emngciphekweni ezinye iinjongo ezibalulekileyo kunye nomsebenzi obanzi wemishini ye-UN.
- Umkhosi omkhulu kunye nomkhethe obandakanyeka kugcino loxolo olomeleleyo unokubeka abantu emngciphekweni, kunye nabagcini boxolo, amanye amagosa e-UN, kunye nabadlali abazimeleyo boluntu, kwezinye iimeko banciphisa indawo yoluntu / ukufikelela.
- I-state-centrism equlethwe kukugcinwa koxolo okomeleleyo kusenokubeka esichengeni imiba ebaluleke ngakumbi yemishini ye-UN, ijongela phantsi amalungelo ayo oluntu, ukwakhiwa koxolo kunye nophuhliso, kunye nomsebenzi wezopolitiko kude kakhulu ngokuxhasa iinkxalabo zikarhulumente ngaphandle kokubandakanywa kwabanye.
- "Ukujika okuqinileyo" kwimisebenzi yoxolo ye-UN kunokubeka emngciphekweni ngokubanzi imigaqo yokugcina uxolo kunye nokuvumelana malunga nokugcinwa koxolo kwe-UN, kubangele ukwehla kweminikelo yamajoni evela kumazwe angamalungu e-UN, kwaye kuthintele intsebenziswano phakathi kwe-UN kunye nabadlali bezobuntu.
Ugcino loXolo oluqinileyo: Ukusetyenziswa komkhosi ngumbutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo ogcina uxolo kwinqanaba lobuchule, ngokugunyaziswa liBhunga lezoKhuseleko, ukukhusela igunya lalo ngokuchasene nabaphangi abamisebenzi yabo ibeka isoyikiso kubemi okanye umngcipheko ojongela phantsi inkqubo yoxolo.
(iZizwe eziManyeneyo. (2008) iMisebenzi yoXolo lweZizwe eziManyeneyo: Imigaqo neziKhokelo “Imfundiso eyiNtloko” eNew York: UNobhala weZizwe eziManyeneyo. http://www. un.org/en/peacekeeping/documents/capstone_eng.pdf.)
Iingxelo:
- "Abagcini boxolo abaxhobileyo bayabakhusela ngokwenene abantu - ngaphandle nje okukhulu" NguBrandon Prins & Anup Phaya for IMonkeyCage, iPosi yaseWashington. NgoJuni 14, 2018.
- I-Science Science Digest Umqulu 2, ushicilelo 2: “Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zokuSebenza koXolo lwe-UN "Eyomeleleyo".".
