I-US State of Maryland Yamkela "ukungcoliseka okukhulu" ngumkhosi wase-US eChesapeake Beach

by  Pat Umdala, Ityhefu yomkhosi, NgoMeyi 18, 2021

UMark Mank, osisithethi seSebe lezeNdalo eMaryland (MDE) uvumile "ungcoliseko olukhulu" olwenziwe kukusetyenziswa komkhosi kwe-PFAS kwiLebhu yoPhando lweNavy - Chesapeake Bay Detachment eChesapeake Beach, eMaryland kwintlanganiso ye-RAB yomkhosi wamanzi ngoMeyi 18, 2021.

Umntu uphendule kumbuzo obuza ukuba ngaba naphi na emhlabeni onamazinga aphezulu kunendawo ezingama-7,950,000 zeetriliyoni (ppt) zePFOS ezifumaneka emhlabeni eChesapeake Beach. U-Mank akawuphendulanga ngokuthe ngqo lo mbuzo kodwa uphendule ngelithi amanqanaba eChesapeake Beach "aphakame kakhulu." Uthe abahlali banezizathu zokuba nexhala. “Siza kuqhubeka nokucinezela uNavy. Hlala umamele, ezinye zizakulandela, ”utshilo.

Ii-PFAS zizinto nganye kunye nepolor flualkalkyl izinto. Zisetyenziswa kumagwebu okulwa umlilo kuqeqesho oluqhelekileyo lomlilo kwisiseko kwaye zisetyenzisiwe kwiziko ukusukela ngo-1968, ixesha elide kunaphi na emhlabeni. Iikhemikhali ziwungcolise kakhulu umhlaba, amanzi aphantsi komhlaba kunye namanzi angaphezulu kommandla. I-PFAS ngeyona mali incinci inxulunyaniswa nokungaqhelekanga komntwana, izifo zabantwana, kunye nomhlaza omkhulu.

Amanqanaba axelwe kwi-3 kuphela yeekhemikhali ezili-18 ezivavanywe nguMkhosi wamanzi. Iilebhu zabucala zihlala zivavanya iintlobo ezingama-36 zeetoyiki. Kuninzi esingakaziyo.

Ukwamkelwa ngurhulumente kuvakala kuthembisa, nangona intetho engahambelaniyo nerekhodi elibi le-MDE. Kuze kube ngoku, i-MDE kunye neSebe lezeMpilo laseMaryland baye baba ngabadlali abakhulu be-Navy ngokukhanyela ukuvuma ingozi kwimpilo yoluntu eyenziwa yi-Navy ngokungakhethiyo kunye nokuqhubeka nokusetyenziswa kwezi khemikhali kwiziseko zayo kwilizwe. Uphuhliso eMaryland lubonisa indlela lo mbandela odlalwa ngayo kwilizwe liphela ilizwe apho ukwanda kwenkxalabo yoluntu kukhokelele iiarhente zikarhulumente ukuba ziqondise umsindo woluntu kwi-DOD.

Umkhosi waselwandle umisela umgaqo-nkqubo wokusingqongileyo eMaryland.

Ekuqaleni kwentlanganiso, uRyan Mayer, isithethi esiphambili somkhosi wamanzi kunye ne-Naval Facilities Engineering Systems Command (NAVFAC) eWashington, ubonise  izilayidi ezimfutshane. echonge amanqanaba ePFAS emhlabeni, emanzini aphantsi komhlaba, nakumanzi angaphezulu. Wankwantya amanani Ingqwalaselo ye-PFAS engaphantsi ngokutsho nje inani, kodwa hayi uxinzelelo. Izilayidi zamanzi zangaphambili zibonise amanqanaba kwiindawo ngetriliyoni ngoko kwakulula kuluntu ukuba lubhideke.

Uthe umhlaba ongaphantsi komhlaba wafunyanwa "kwi-7,950," nangona wayengahoyanga ukukhankanya ukuba ukugxalathelana komhlaba kukwizigidi ngezigidi, endaweni yeetriliyoni. Uluntu aluzange luthethe ukuba wayethetha i-7,950,000 yezigidi zeetriliyoni kwi-PFOS - uhlobo nje olunye lwe-PFAS kumxholo ongezantsi. UMayer akazange achonge i-ppb okanye i-ppt de kube nguDavid Harris, ongumnikazi weefama ezingama-72 ezingcolileyo kumazantsi esiseko, wabuza ngobuchule kwigumbi lokuncokola ukuze acaciselwe.

Ezi zingcolisi zifana nesiponji esikhulu somhlaza phantsi komhlaba esihlala sihlamba ukungcola komhlaba, amanzi aphantsi komhlaba kunye namanzi angaphezulu. I-Chesapeake Beach inokuba nesiponji esikhulu somhlaza ongaphantsi komhlaba. Inokuqhubeka nokutyhefa abantu iminyaka eliwaka.

Umkhosi wamanzi kufuneka upapashe lonke uvavanyo olwenzileyo apha, ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwendawo, yazo zonke iikhemikhali ezibulalayo kunye nokugxila kwazo. Okwangoku uMkhosi wamanzi ukhuphe iziphumo zeentlobo ze-3 ze-PFAS: PFOS, PFOA kunye ne-PFBS.  Iindidi ze-36 zePFAS inokuchongwa kusetyenziswa indlela yokuvavanya ye-EPA.

Kodwa uMayer, egcina incwadi yokudlala yomkhosi wamanzi, uthe uMkhosi wamanzi awuzukuchonga ubuthi obunobume kwindalo esingqongileyo kuba "imichiza lulwazi lobunini lomenzi." Ke ayisiyomkhosi wamanzi nje kuphela oyalela umgaqo-nkqubo wezendalo kwilizwe laseMaryland. Iinkampani zemichiza ezenza amagwebu, nazo.

I-Navy isebenzisa i-Chemguard 3% i-foam kwiindawo ezininzi zokufakela kwayo, njenge I-Jacksonville NAS ekwasuleleke kakhulu. Iphepha ledatha yoKhuseleko lwempahla, equlethwe kwingxelo yomkhosi waselwandle malunga nongcoliseko apho ithi izithako ezikwigwebu ziqulathe “i-proprietary hydrocarbon surfacants” kunye ne “proprietary fluorosurfacants.”

UChemguard umangalelwa Michigan, EFlorida,  Inew york, yaye New Hampshire, ukubiza izinto ezine zokuqala eziye zavela kukhangelo lukaGoogle.

Yintoni esiyaziyo eMazantsi eMaryland?

Siyazi ukuba uMkhosi wamanzi uzilahlile izixa ezikhulu zePFAS eWebster Field eSt. Mary's County kwaye sinokuchonga ngokuthe ngqo iikhemikhali ze-14 kwezo zinto zikhutshiweyo.

(IWebster Field kutshanje ichaze i-87,000 ppt ye-PFAS emanzini aphantsi komhlaba xa kuthelekiswa ne-241,000 ppt eChesapeake Beach.)

Ezi ntlobo ze-PFAS zifunyenwe kumlanjana kufutshane nonxweme lweWebster Field isihlomelo sePatuxent River NAS:

I-PFOA PFOS PFBS
I-PFHxA PFHpA PFHxS
I-PFNA PFDA PFUnA
I-N-MeFOSAA N-EtFOSAA FFDoA
I-PFTrDA

Zonke zisongela impilo yabantu.

xa iziphumo bakhululwa ngoFebruwari, 2020, isithethi se-MDE sathi ukuba i-PFAS ibikhona kumlanjana inokuba yavela kwindlu yomlilo kwiikhilomitha ezintlanu kude, okanye kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma iikhilomitha ezilishumi elinanye kude, endaweni yesiseko esikufutshane. Igosa eliphezulu lokunyanzeliswa kukarhulumente lafaka amathandabuzo kwiziphumo kwaye lathi i-MDE yayisekuqaleni kwenkqubo yokuphanda ukungcola.

Inkqubo elahliweyo. Ndandinamanzi kunye nokutya kwaselwandle kuvavanywa ngoososayensi abaphezulu besebenzisa imigangatho yegolide ye-EPA kwaye yonke loo nto yayixabisa, kodwa kwathatha nje iiveki ezimbalwa.

Iikhemikhali ze-PFAS zinokuchaphazela thina kunye nosana lwethu olungekazalwa ngeendlela ezininzi. Yinto entsonkothileyo. Ezinye zezi zinto zinokuchaphazela ubunzima bomntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa, kunye nempilo yokuzala. Abanye banokuchaphazela impilo yokuphefumla kunye nentliziyo. Ezinye zinempembelelo kwimpilo yamathumbu kwaye ezinye zinxulunyaniswa neengxaki ze-renal kunye ne-hematological. Ezinye zinokuchaphazela impilo ye-ocular, ezinye, impilo yesikhumba.

Uninzi lunefuthe kwinkqubo ye-endocrine yomzimba. Ezinye, njengePFBA, ezifumaneka koononkala baseMaryland, zinxulunyaniswa nabantu abasweleka ngokukhawuleza kwi-COVID. Ezinye zihamba emanzini ngelixa ezinye zingahambi. Abanye (ngakumbi i-PFOA) bahlala emhlabeni kwaye bangcolisa ukutya esikutyayo. Ezinye zinokuba nefuthe kumntwana okhulayo kwinqanaba elincinci, ezinye zisenokungabi njalo.

Kukho iindidi ze-8,000 zaba bantu babulala abantu kwaye kukho umlo ogqubayo kwiCongress kunye neqela elincinci elifuna ukumisela yonke i-PFAS njengeklasi, ngelixa uninzi kwiCongress luthanda ukuyilawula nganye ngexesha, ivumela abaxhasi bayo ukuba beze nePFAS ababambeleyo kumagwebu neemveliso zabo. (Ukuba asiyiguquli inkqubo yethu yenkxaso mali yomanyano, asizukuphumelela ekupheliseni izinto eChesapeake Beach okanye naphi na.)

Umkhosi wamanzi awufuni ukuba iintsapho zibabeke ityala okanye abo babambisene nabo ngokubango enkundleni ukuba uhlobo oluthile lwe-PFAS lufunyenwe kumanqanaba aphezulu egazini lomntu obathandayo xa besweleka kwisifo esithile. Inzululwazi iguquka ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba ukufunyanwa kwamanqanaba athile eentlobo ezithile zePFAS emzimbeni wesigulana kunokulandelwa kwiPFAS eyayivela kungcoliseko lomkhosi wamanzi waselwandle.

Umkhosi wamanzi kufuneka ukhulule ngoko nangoko lonke uvavanyo abalwenzileyo eChesapeake Beach, nakwiindawo kwihlabathi liphela, ukusuka eSan Diego ukuya eOkinawa, nokusuka eDiego Garcia ukuya eRota Naval Station, eSpain.

Ingxoxo yeAccifer

Ngelixa sixoxa ngokubeka esweni imithombo enzulu, isilayidi esihamba kunye nayo sabonisa ukufundwa kwe-17.9 ppt ye-PFOS kunye ne-10 ppt ye-PFOA kwisiseko esasiqokelelwe kwi-200 '- 300' ngaphantsi komhlaba. Eli linqanaba apho abahlali abakufutshane nesiseko bekha khona amanzi abo. Amanqanaba kwisiseko agqithe kwimida yamanzi aphantsi komhlaba kwi-PFAS kumazwe amaninzi.

Kodwa okona kubalulekileyo, uMkhosi wamanzi kunye ne-MDE bahlala bethetha ukuba amaqula asekhaya "akholelwa ukuba ayahlolwa kwiPiney Point Aquifer," kwaye oku kungaphantsi kweyunithi yokuvalelwa, "ekukholelwa ukuba iyaqhubeka kamva kwaye ivaleleke ngokupheleleyo."

Ngokucacileyo, akunjalo!

Kufuneka sifune iimpendulo kuMkhosi wamanzi. Uvavanye phi? Ufumene ntoni? Kufuneka sifune ukuba i-DOD icace gca kwaye iqale ukusebenza njengeziko elihloniphekileyo kuluntu lwentando yesininzi.

UDavid Harris uthe yayikukulwa ukuba uMkhosi wamanzi uzokuvavanya amanzi akhe ngoba nina nithi ungcoliseko luye kuphela emantla. UHarris wathi iPFAS yafunyanwa equleni lakhe. UMayer uphendule ngelithi ipropathi yaseHarris "yayingekabikho kwindawo yesampulu."

Ipropathi kaHarris ziimitha ezingama-2,500 XNUMX kumazantsi esiseko, ngelixa i-PFAS kukholelwa ukuba ihambile  Iimayile ezingama-22 kwimilambo  kunye nemifudlana evela ekukhululweni kwabo kwiSikhululo soMoya esiyiNavy-Joint Reserve Base uWillow Grove kunye neZiko loMlo woMkhosi woMoya, iWarminster ePennsylvania. Akunakulindeleka ukuba i-PFAS ihambe kude kube njalo eChesapeake Beach enamanzi angaphezulu athululela kwi-bay, kodwa i-2,500 iinyawo zisondele.

Uninzi lwabanini beqashiso kufutshane nesiseko lwalungekho kuyo nayiphi na indawo yesampulu. Ndithethile nabantu abahlala kuKaren Drive kude neDalrymple Rd., Ziimitha eziyi-1,200 nje ukusuka kumngxunya otshisayo kwisiseko kwaye babengazi nto malunga nePFAS okanye ukuvavanywa kakuhle. Yindlela uMkhosi wamanzi owenza ngayo izinto. Bafuna nje ukuba ihambe, kodwa ayizukuhamba eChesapeake Beach kuba uninzi lweedolophu luyayiqonda. Ngaba i-Chesapeake Beach ingaba yi-Navy's PFAS Waterloo? Masithembe njalo.

U-Peggy Williams we-MDE uphendule imibuzo emibini kwi Igumbi lokuxoxa le-NRL-CBD RAB.  “Uthi ufumene amaqula amathathu ngePFAS. (1) Ungaphikisana njani ukuba i-PFAS ayinakufikelela kumthombo wamanzi ongezantsi? (2) Ngaba i-MDE ayitsho ukuba umaleko wodongwe awunakuba uvale ngokupheleleyo? UWilliams wathi akubonakali ngathi iPFAS inokutyhutyha i-aquifer esezantsi, nangona uMkhosi wamanzi uxele imithombo emithathu ngaphandle kwe-PFAS. UDavid Harris uxele amanqanaba aphezulu, kwaye uMkhosi wamanzi nawo uxele amanqanaba kumanzi asezantsi.

UMayer uphendule kumbuzo malunga nokuhamba kwe-PFAS phakathi kwamanzi amdaka. "Sifumene ukufunyanwa okumbalwa kwaye baphantsi kwe-LHA," yimpendulo yakhe. UMayer ubhekisa kwiNgcebiso ngezeMpilo ye-EPA yeentlobo ezimbini zeekhemikhali: i-PFOS kunye ne-PFOA. Ingcebiso enganyanzelekanga yomanyano ithi abantu akufuneki basele amanzi aqukethe ngaphezulu kwe-70 ppt yetotali yezi zinto zimbini mihla le. Kulungile nge-EPA ukuba usela amanzi aqukethe isigidi sezigidi zeetriliyoni ze-PFHxS, i-PFHpA, kunye ne-PFNA, iikhemikhali ezintathu ezinengxaki zilawula phantsi kwe-20 ppt.

Abameli bezempilo boluntu bayalumkisa ukuba akufuneki sisebenzise ngaphezulu kwe-1 ppt yezi khemikhali emanzini okusela yonke imihla.

Indoda yomkhosi waselwandle yajolisa kwisilayidi esasinika isishwankathelo sodliwanondlebe olwenziwe ekuhlaleni ngehlobo lowama-2019. Umkhosi wamanzi wadlan 'indlebe nabantu abasithoba kwaye isivumelwano sasikukukhusela i-Bay kunye nedilesi yemithombo engekho nzulu. Kuyabonakala ukuba, akukho mntu wayebonakala exhalabile malunga nemithombo enzulu phantse wonke umntu ohlala kufutshane nesiseko anayo. Akukho mntu wayexhalabile ngokutyhefa ubomi bamanzi. Ezi zezona ndlela zimbini kunokwenzeka ukuba abantu babonakaliswe kwezi khemikhali. Ewe uMkhosi wamanzi uyakuqonda konke oku.

Kukho abantu abalungileyo kwiNqanawa yomkhosi waselwandle kunye neekhontrakthi zobunjineli bamanzi abakuqondayo oku kwaye bakhathazeke ngokunzulu. Kukho ithemba.

I-PFAS ayisiyiyo kuphela ingxaki yokungcoliseka eChesapeake Beach. Umkhosi wamanzi wasebenzisa uranium, i-uranium (DU) ephelileyo, kunye ne-thorium kwaye yaqhuba ngesantya esiphezulu kwizifundo zefuthe le-DU ekwakheni i-218C nakwisakhiwo sama-227. Umkhosi wamanzi unengxelo ende yokugcina irekhodi kwaye uye wangena ngaphakathi nangaphandle kokuthobela iKhomishini yoLawulo lweNyukliya. Iirekhodi zangoku kunzima ukuzifumana. Amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba aquka iAntimony, iLothe, iCopper, iArsenic, iZinc, 2,4-Dinitrotoluene, kunye ne-2,6-Dinitrotoluene.

Umkhosi wamanzi uthi iPFAS ayikhutshelwa kwindalo esingqongileyo eChesapeake Beach.

UMayer wabuzwa ukuba ngaba iPFAS isakhutshelwa kwindalo esingqongileyo namhlanje waphendula wathi, "Hayi." Uthe ezinye iisayithi zoMkhosi wamanzi sele zicociwe kuba zingaphambili kwinkqubo. UMayer uthe emva kokuba iifom ze-PFAS zisetyenzisiwe kwisiseko "bayathunyelwa ngaphandle kwesiza ukuze kulahlwe ngokufanelekileyo."

Isebenza njani ngokuchanekileyo, Mnu. Mayer? Inzululwazi yanamhlanje ayenzanga ndlela yokulahla i-PFAS. Nokuba uMkhosi wamanzi wamanzi uwungcwaba kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma okanye utshisa imichiza, baya kuthi ekugqibeleni batyhefe abantu. Izinto zithatha phantse ngonaphakade ukophuka kwaye azitshisi. Ukutshisa kutshiza nje iityhefu ngaphezulu kwengca kunye neefama. Iityhefu ziyaphuma ngaphandle kwesiseko kwaye ziya kuqhubeka zisenza njalo ngokungenasiphelo.

Umsebenzi weNkxaso yoMkhosi wamanzi-iBethesda, iNavy Academy, iZiko eliyiNtloko lokulwa iMfazwe yaseIndiya, kunye nePax River bonke bathumele imithombo yeendaba engcolileyo yePFAS ukuba itshiswe Isityalo seNorlite eCooes eNew York. Amagosa omkhosi wamanzi ngexesha lePax River RAB kwinyanga ephelileyo bakukhanyele ukuthumela izinto ezingcolileyo zePFAS ukuba zingcoliswe.

Akukho rekhodi loMkhosi wamanzi othumela iityhefu zePFAS ukuba zitshiswe zivela eChesapeake Beach.

Indawo yokunyanga yomkhosi wamanzi kuManzi waseChesapeake Beach ivelisa malunga neetoni ezili-10 ezimanzi / ngonyaka wamdaka owomileyo kwiibhedi zomoya zedaka. Izinto ezithunyelwayo zithunyelwa kwisikhululo sokufumana amanzi eselwandle iSolomons. Ukusuka apho, udaka lwangcwatywa kwindawo yokuGcwalisa iZibheno eCalvert County.

Urhulumente kufuneka avavanye amaqula kwiSibheno kwaye abeke iliso elibukhali kwindyikityha yokufa.

Idolophu yaseChesapeake Beach ephethwe ngamanzi amdaka ikhutshelwa kwiChesapeake Bay ngombhobho ongama-30-intshi onabela kwi-Bay ukuya kwindawo emalunga neenyawo ezingama-200 ukusuka elwandle. Zonke izibonelelo zamanzi amdaka zivelisa kwaye zikhulule iityhefu zePFAS. Amanzi afanele ukuvavanywa.

I-PFAS ingena kwizibonelelo zamanzi amdaka ezivela kurhwebo, emkhosini, kwimizi-mveliso, kwinkunkuma nakwimithombo yokuhlala ayisuswanga kumanzi amdaka, ngelixa zonke izixhobo zokucoca amanzi amdaka zihambisa nje i-PFAS kwilindle okanye emanzini amdaka.

I-Bay ifumana i-whammy ephindwe kabini yongcoliseko lwe-PFAS eChesapeake Beach. Nangona udaka olushiyekileyo lwedolophu luthuthwa lusiwa eQonce eLandfill eVirginia, udaka oluvela kwiPatuxent River NAS luthunyelwa kwiifama ezahlukeneyo eCalvert County. Kufanele ukuba siwazi amagama ezo fama. Umhlaba kunye neemveliso zezolimo kufuneka zithatyathwe. I-Navy, i-MDE, kunye ne-MDH ayizukuyenza nangaliphi na ixesha kungekudala. Qaphela into oyityayo eCalvert County, Maryland.

I-Chesapeake Beach Councilman u-Larry Jaworski uthe uyakuqonda ukukhutshwa kwesiseko kuyekile kwaye wakhuthaza uvavanyo olongezelelweyo. Kulungile ukuva umnxeba wovavanyo, nangona singenakuthembela kwiqela likaHogan / Grumbles ukuba lenze ngokufanelekileyo, siqwalasele fiasco yovavanyo lweembatyisi kunyaka ophelileyo waseSt. Umnumzana Jaworski usenokuba weva ukukhutshwa kwe-PFAS kwisiseko kuyekile, kodwa irekhodi licebisa ngenye indlela. Ngezigidi ezisi-8 zezigidi ngetriliyoni ubukhulu becala ze-PFOS kumhlaba ongaphantsi, abantu abahlala elunxwemeni banokuthi bajongane nezi tyhefu iminyaka eliwaka.

Iintlanzi / iiMbatyisi / oononkala

U-Mayer uthe isifundo se-oyster esilingekileyo se-MDE somlambo i-St Mary's sabonisa ukuba iimbatyisi zazingaphantsi kwenqanaba le-PFAS. Urhulumente wasebenzisa indlela yovavanyo ethathe kuphela amanqanaba ngaphezulu kwenxalenye yezigidigidi kwaye ukhethe ngokukhethekileyo amachiza athile ukuba anike ingxelo ngawo. Baye basebenzisa inkampani elahliweyo. Ukuvavanywa ngokuzimeleyo kusetyenziswa indlela esemgangathweni yegolide ye-EPA kubonise iPFAS kwiioysters eziqukethe I-2,070 ppt, ayicetyiswa ukuba isetyenziswe ngabantu.

E-United States yaseMelika, ngokungafaniyo neentlanga ezininzi, kuxhomekeke kuthi ngamnye ukulawula inani le-PFAS elingena kwimizimba yethu. Ukutya ukutya kwaselwandle okubanjiswe emanzini angcolileyo kunye nokusela amanzi anganyangekiyo zezona ndlela ziphambili zokusebenzisa ityhefu.

Umkhosi wamanzi ukhuphe idatha ebonisa i-5,464 ppt emanzini angaphezulu ashiya isiseko. (I-PFOS-4,960 ppt., PFOA-453 ppt., PFBS-51 ppt.). I-trout ebanjwe kufutshane neLoring AFB iqulethe ngaphezulu kwesigidi sezigidi ze-PFAS ebanjwe emanzini enezinga eliphantsi kunamanqanaba athululwa kwisiseko eChesapeake Beach.

Umbuso waseWisconsin uthi impilo yoluntu iyasongelwa xa I-PFAS ephezulu 2 ppt emanzini angaphezulu ngenxa yenkqubo yokuqokelelwa kwezinto.

Amanqanaba e-astronomical PFAS kumanzi angaphezulu kweChesapeake Beach anokulindeleka ukuba aqokelele iintlanzi ngeodolo ezininzi zobukhulu, ngelixa i-PFOS iyeyona inengxaki koku. Ezinye iintlanzi ezikufutshane nemingxunya yokutsha kweziseko zomkhosi zinezigidi ezilishumi zezigidi ngetriliyoni nganye yetyhefu.

UMark Mank uthe i-MDE iyayazi inyuka. Uye wongeza ukuba imiba yendlela malunga nokuvavanywa kwentlanzi inzima. Uthe, "Oku kulusizi kolu luntu lungcoliseko olukhulu." Umbuso waseMichigan ukhuphe iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-PFAS kwi-2,841 yeentlanzi kunye neentlanzi eziphakathi ziqukethe i-93,000 ppt ye-PFOS iyodwa, ngelixa ilizwe lilinganisela i-PFOS emanzini okusela ukuya kwi-16 ppt.

UJenny Herman okwi-MDE uthe akazi ngezifundo zentlanzi ezinkulu eChesapeake Beach. Kuyamangalisa, kuba i-MDE iya kuba liSebe likarhulumente welizwe ukuba lifune isifundo esinjalo. Uthe urhulumente uvavanya izicubu zentlanzi kwaye ezo ziphumo zinokuba zilungile ngoJulayi. UMark Mank ukwathe i-MDE ijonge iintlanzi. "Phambi kwesi sixhobo, kodwa ezinye iindawo." Emva kwexesha kule nkqubo, uWilliams wathi i-MDE izakuvavanya iintlanzi eChesapeake Beach ekwindla ka-2021. Ngethemba, i-MDE ayizukubiza u-Alpha Analytical ukuba baphinde benze uvavanyo lwabo. I-Alpha Analytical ivelise isifundo seoyster oyster. Babenjalo Ihlawuliswe i $ 700,000 ngenxa yokungcoliswa kakubi eMassachusetts.

UDavid Harris ubuze malunga nenyama yenyamazana engcolileyo kwaye u-Jenny Herman we-MDE uphendule wathi i-MDE “isekhona kwasekuqaleni kwinkqubo.” IMichigan ibikuyo iminyaka emininzi. Mhlawumbi i-MDE inokubabiza. UMkhosi woMoya unawo Inyama yenyamakazi engcolileyo ukuya kwinqanaba apho ukutya kuye kwavalwa kwiindawo. UMayer uthe akukho ndlela ye-EPA kwaye iilebhu zovavanyo zahlukile. Ngokuqinisekileyo izandi inzima.

U-Peggy Williams kunye ne-MDE wongeze ukuba i-PFAS ihlala ifumaneka kwimisipha yexhama, njengononkala, wachaza, i-PFAS ubukhulu becala kulusardard. Nangona wayethetha ukuba kulungile ukutya oononkala kuba ityhefu ivaleleke ku-mustard, le yayiyimpumelelo kuba yabonisa okokuqala ukuba igosa le-MDE livumile ubukho be-PFAS koononkala. Ndivavanye unonkala ndafumana i-6,650 ppt ye-PFAS ngasemva. Kuphindwe kathathu uxinzelelo lwe-PFAS kwiimbatyisi, kodwa sisinye kwisithathu samanqanaba e-rockfish ezantsi apha eSt.

UWilliams uxelele uMlambo iPatuxent NAS RAB kwiiveki ezimbini ezidlulileyo ukuba ungcoliseko lwenyamakazi yayingengombandela eSt Mary's County kuba amanzi asentwasahlobo asezantsi amtyuba kwaye iinyamakazi aziseli manzi amtyuba. Ewe kunjalo.

UBen Grumbles, unobhala weSebe leMicimbi yezeNdalo eMaryland, ebizwa ngokuba yi-oyster-2,070 ppt, crab - 6,650 ppt, kunye ne-rockfish-23,100 ppt ye-PFAS  ”Iyahlupha.” Siza kubona ukuba kuyasikhathaza ngokwaneleyo ukuba urhulumente athathe amanyathelo okukhusela impilo yoluntu.

Abasetyhini abakhulelweyo okanye abanokukhulelwa akufuneki batye ukutya okanye amanzi ane-PFAS.