Ukuthandwa kovavanyo lokubhaliswa kuyakhula. Amanani abafundi abathatha inxaxheba kunye nezikolo ezonyukayo. Uninzi kufuneka luthathe uviwo ngelixa iziphumo zabelwana ngazo nabaqeshwa ngaphandle kwemvume yomzali.
NguPat Elder
Idatha ekhutshwe liSebe lezoKhuselo ngo-Agasti u-1st ibonisa ukuba umkhosi ubhale uviwo lwe-3-iyure kubafundi abaphantse babe ngu-700,000 kwizikolo eziphakamileyo ze-12,000 kunyaka wesikolo we-2013-14, kunyuswe i-2% kunyaka ongaphambi kwalowo.
Umkhosi wokuNgenelela koMkhosi (i-MEPCOM) uqhuba uviwo, olwaziwa ngokuba yi-Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery, (ASVAB). Iziko ledatha lafunyanwa ngesicelo soMthetho weNkululeko woLwazi.
Uviwo lwedatha luphakamisa imiba enzulu ngokubhekisele kwimfihlo yabantwana kunye nokunyaniseka kwenkqubo yovavanyo lwabafundi kwizikolo zaseMelika. Uvavanyo lweyure ezintathu kukunxibelelana nenkqubo yokugaya abafundi esekwe ePentagon kwaye ibonelele nge-MEPCOM sisixhobo esixabisekileyo ekucoceni abagqatswa kubhaliso lomkhosi. Abafundi bayacelwa ukuba banikezele ngeenkcukacha zedemokhrasi eneenkcukacha kunye neenombolo zabo zokhuseleko lwentlalo ngaphambi kokuhlala uviwo.
Ngokwedatha, i-81% yeJuniors kunye nabadala abathathe i-ASVAB kunyaka wesikolo we-2013-2014 baneziphumo zabo zithunyelwe kubaqeshi ngaphandle kwemvume yabazali. Amagosa esikolo ukuvimbe ukukhutshwa kweziphumo zovavanyo kubaqeshi kwi-19% eseleyo.
I-ASVAB ibonelela ngolwazi olunqwenelekayo kubaqeshi ngokubhekisele kubuchule bokuqonda okunokubakho. Abaqeshi sele beneefayile ezineenkcukacha ezineenkcukacha zobuqu kulutsha lwaseMelika, olufunyenwe ngamanqaku abathengisi beenkcukacha zorhwebo kunye neeyure ezingenakubalwa ezihamba kwiindawo zosasazo zasekuhlaleni kunye namagumbi okuxoxa. Umzekelo, abaqashi bayazi ukuba uJohnny unomdla kwimvumi yelizwe uRae Lynn, odlala iMortal Kombat, osebenza eJiffy Lube, odlala umdlalo wokuzikhusela, kunye noomatshini bokushicilela bebhenki abayi-180. I-ASVAB ibonisa ukuba uJohnny ulwa ne-Algebra I kwaye kwinqanaba lokuqonda lokufunda le-8th grader. I-ASVAB igcwalisa i-dossier exabisekileyo ebonakalayo encedisa abagayozi ngaphambi kokudibana kuqala. Ukuqesha kwakhona emkhosini yinto efuna ingqondo.
Idatha ekhutshwe yi-DOD ichonga izikolo ze-900 ukuba zifuna abafundi benze uvavanyo, nangona inani lilona likhulu kakhulu. Umzekelo, iNorth Little Rock High School yavavanya i-680, phantse bonke abafundi bayo abadala kunye nabadala. Yonke idatha yathunyelwa kubaqeshi ngaphandle komama notata kwiluphu, ngelixa iziko ledatha lePentagon linika ingxelo yokuba abafundi bathathe uvavanyo ngokuzithandela. (Iipesenti ezingama-70 zabafundi bahlelelekile kwezoqoqosho, kwaye isikolo ngama-89% ambalwa.) I-Alief Early College High School eHouston yavavanya abadala abangama-500. Isikolo sincinci ngama-97%. Isiseko sedatha sithi uvavanyo belungafuneki. Bakwazi njani ukufumana ulutsha olungama-500 ngokuzithandela ukuba luthathe uvavanyo lomkhosi?
Ngo-2013 IKomiti ye-UN yamaLungelo oMntwana yabeka ityala lokuba kunyanzelekile ukuba kuvavanywe emkhosini kukwaphula umthetho olandelwayo onganyanzelekanga kwiNgqungquthela yamaLungelo oMntwana ekubandakanyeni abantwana kwimpikiswano. IKomiti ifumanise ukuba “abazali nabantwana bahlala bengayazi imeko yokuzithandela yovavanyo lwe-Armed Services Vocational Battery (ASVAB) olucwangciswe ezikolweni okanye amakhonkco alo emkhosini kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, kuthiwa abafundi baxelelwe ukuba uvavanyo kunyanzelekile. ” Kwimpendulo yayo, i-US iyikhanyele imeko yovavanyo enyanzelekileyo.
Ngo-Matshi 2016, uShannon Salyer, umphathi wenkqubo yesizwe yenkqubo yokuvavanywa kwesikolo i-ASVAB, uxelele iVeki yezeMfundo, "Ihlala isenziwa ngokuzithandela."
Ngo-1974 i-Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) yema endleleni ye-DoD yokufikelela ngokungagungqiyo kwiirekhodi zemfundo yabafundi. Umthetho, osasebenza nanamhlanje, ufuna ingxelo esayiniweyo yokukhululwa komzali ngaphambi kokuba "iirekhodi zemfundo" zikhutshwe kubantu besithathu. IPentagon ithi iziphumo ze-ASVAB ziirekhodi zomkhosi kuneerekhodi zemfundo, ezivumela idatha yovavanyo ukuba ikhutshwe ngaphandle kwemvume yabazali okanye ulwazi.
Ngenxa yoko, iziphumo ze-ASVAB kuphela kolwazi malunga nabafundi abaphuma kwizikolo zaseMelika ngaphandle kokubonelela ngemvume yabazali. Okwangoku, amagosa e-DoD ahlamba izandla zabo kumcimbi wabucala. "Nokuba igosa lesikolo lifuna okanye lifuna imvume yabafundi okanye yabazali okanye yabagcini, kuxhomekeke kweso sikolo, kwaye asinanto yakuthetha ngaloo nto," utshilo uCurtis Gilroy, uMlawuli woMgaqo-nkqubo weAccess ngaphambili. Ngexesha lodliwanondlebe lwe-NPR ngo-2010.
I-MEPCOM ithengisa i-ASVAB kwizikolo eziphakamileyo njengenkqubo yokuhlola umsebenzi ngaphandle kokuchaza ukubophelela kwayo emkhosini okanye umsebenzi wayo ophambili njengesixhobo sokuqesha. Abacebisi bezikolo nabalawuli bakhuthaza abafundi ukuba bathathe uvavanyo lokuba amabango amaninzi anceda abafundi ngokuthelekisa izakhono zabo kunye neendlela ezithile zomsebenzi.
Nje ukuba uvavanyo lufunyenwe, umyalelo wokugaya uthumela abagadi ezikolweni ukuba badibane nabafundi ukuze baxoxe "ngamakhondo omsebenzi."
Kwi-2010 uMaryland waba lilizwe lokuqala lokuwisa umthetho owalela ukukhutshwa kwedatha ye-ASVAB kubaqeshi ngaphandle kwemvume yomzali. Ngokukodwa, umthetho ubongoza izikolo ukuba zikhethe i-ASVAB Khupha i-Option 8, ethintela ukuhanjiswa kolwazi lwabafundi kwiinkonzo zokugaya abasebenzi ngaphandle kokusayina umama notata. IHawaii neNew Hampshire zinemithetho efanayo.
UDavid McGuire, umlawuli wethutyana olawulayo weAmerican Civil Liberties Union yeConsticut, uthimba umbono wabameli bamalungelo oluntu malunga novavanyo lwe-ASVAB. Uye wathi, "Abafundi abashiyi amalungelo abo kumgaqo-siseko xa bangena kumnyango wesikolo. Abafundi nabazali e-Connecticut bafanelwe ukukhuselwa olungcono lolwazi olubuthathaka oluqokelelwa kuvavanyo lwe-ASVAB. Siyathemba ukuba le datha intsha iza kukhuthaza ilizwe lethu ukuba lenze utshintsho oluqinisekileyo ukukhusela ulwazi lwabucala lwabafundi. "
Isitshixo sedatha ye-ASVAB kuyo yonke i-US
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2012-2013 2013-2014
Itotali yovavanyo 678,248 691,042
Zizonke iZikolo 11,741 11,893
# Ukhetho lwabafundi 8 * 105,222 113,976
% Ukhetho 8 15.51 18.74
# Ukhetho lweZikolo 8 2408 2575
# Izikolo eziGunyazisiweyo 938 908
* Iziphumo ezingathunyelwanga kubaqeshi
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Kuqulunqwe uMdibaniso weSizwe ukukhusela ubumfihlo babafundi kwidatha
zinikezwe yiOfisi kaNobhala Wezomkhosi
Inkululeko yeNkcazelo yoLwazi ye15-F-1532
IOfisi yenkululeko yoLwazi 1155 Defense Pentagon
Idatha efumanekayo kwi: www.studentprivacy.org
