NguDavid Swanson
Ukuba kukho nayiphi na ingxoxo ngoku kwimithombo yeendaba enkulu yase-US malunga nokuvuthela abantu ngemijukujelwa evela kwiidrones, imalunga "nokungafihli" (ingxelo esemthethweni malunga nokuba ngubani obuleweyo) okanye amanani okufa kwabo bantu bachongwe njengabemi. Kodwa ngaphandle kokuba iidrones ziyindlela nje yokukhupha umsindo, okanye ukwenza inzuzo ngabavelisi beedrone, zifana-njengeemfazwe ezibanzi eziyinxalenye yazo-ekumele ukuba zisebenze injongo ethile.
Nangona ubunqolobi buqhubeka bukhula ngexesha leMisebenzi ye-Overseas Contingency Operations Eyayisaziwa njengeMfazwe yeHlabathi yoBunqolobi, ngokwethiyori imfazwe imele (1) ingabi bubugrogrisi ngokwayo, kwaye (2) inciphise ubunqolobi okanye ibuphelise. Ngelixa ndicinga ukuba imeko eyomeleleyo inokwenziwa ukuba akukho nanye kwezi meko zikhe zahlangatyezwa okanye zaze zahlangatyezwa, kwaye nanjengoko unyango oluninzi okanye i-economic catalyst yonke into igwetyelwe ukungaphumeleli, i-drones sisiqwenga sayo esiqalisileyo. zibonwe njengento engafanelekanga.
Kwi ithisisi yenkosi ukusuka kumfundi kwiYunivesithi yaseGeorgetown, kushwankathelwa a nqaku yakutshanje, U-Emily Manna uthathe idatha yobugrogrisi ePakistan phakathi kwe-2006 kunye ne-2012 I-Global Terrorism Database kunye nedatha yogwayimbo lwedrone apho yaqinisekiswa ngabo bobabini Isiseko esitsha saseMelika kwaye i I-Bureau of Journalism yophando. UMana wafumanisa ukuba emva kokuba iUnited States iqalise ukuhlasela iphondo ngeedrones, ubunqolobi buyanda apho.
Kwiminyaka emithathu eyadlulayo, umfana waseYemen owayelali yakhe yahlaselwa yidrone yase-US kwiveki ephelileyo, ngqinela phambi kweCongress. UFarea Al-muslimi uthe, njengogwayimbo oluninzi olwaziwayo lwe-drone, ekucingelwa ukuba bekujoliswe kuyo yindoda eyaziwayo ebinokubanjwa ngokulula. U-Al-muslimi uthe xa abamelwane bakhe becinga ngeMelika, bacinga “ngoloyiko abaluvayo ngenxa yeedrones ezijikeleza phezu kweentloko zabo zilungele ukudubula imijukujelwa nangaliphi na ixesha. Oko abaqhankqalazi abanogonyamelo abangazange baphumelele ngaphambili, uqhankqalazo olunye lwedrone lwafezwa ngephanyazo. Ngoku kukho umsindo omkhulu ngokuchasene neMelika. "
Umongameli uBarack Obama wayeqhele ukubamba iYemen njengomzekelo wemfazwe eyimpumelelo yedrone. Oko kwakungaphambi kokuba uhlaselo lwedrone lube negalelo ekudaleni imfazwe ebanzi, nangaphambi kokuba imfazwe ebanzi eyayiqhutywa yiSaudi Arabia kunye ne-United States yomeleza ngakumbi i-al Qaeda eYemen.
Ingxelo yeChicot isanda kugxininisa into yokuba uNdunankulu uTony Blair waxwayiswa ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa kwe-Iraq ukuba kuya kwandisa ubugrogrisi kwaye kungabangela, njengoko kwenzekile, kwinto efana ne-ISIS. Urhulumente wase-US wayenokuqonda okufanayo, kwaye wayenokulindela okufanayo kwisiphithiphithi esinokwenzeka eSyria ukuba urhulumente wakhe waye wabhukuqwa, ngaphambi kokuba aqalise ukusebenzela oko kubhukuqwa. Kamva u-Obama wabuza i-CIA ukuba inike ingxelo malunga nokuba ngaba iiproxies zokuxhobisa zikhe zasebenza. I-CIA ekufutshane kakhulu inokuza kwityala eliyimpumelelo yayiyi-1980s Afghanistan. Ngaba ndifuna ukucacisa ukuba yintoni edaliweyo? (Ewe, u-Obama uqhubele phambili kwi-proxies eSiriya nangona kunjalo.)
A Ingxelo yeCIA ilumkisa ukuba ugwayimbo lwedrone lunokunyusa ubunqolobi:
“Imiphumo emibi enokubakho . . . kuquka ukwandisa inqanaba lenkxaso yabavukeli […], ukomeleza amaqhina eqela elixhobileyo nabemi, ukuguqula ngokungqongqo iinkokeli eziseleyo zeqela labavukeli, ukudala umsantsa apho anokungena khona amaqela aqaqadekileyo.”
Owayesakuba ngunozakuzaku wase-US ePakistan u-Anne Paterson's iintambo ezipapashwe yi-WikiLeaks wathi ugwayimbo lwe-drone "lubeka umngcipheko wokuzinzisa ilizwe lasePakistan, lubahlukanisa norhulumente wabahlali kunye neenkokeli zomkhosi, kwaye lubangele ingxaki yolawulo ePakistan ngaphandle kokufikelela injongo ekugqibeleni."
NgokukaMark Mazzetti, "Umphathi wesikhululo seCIA e-Islamabad wayecinga ukuba i-drone yabetha kwi-2005 kunye ne-2006-eyathi, ngelixa yayingaqhelekanga ngelo xesha, yayihlala isekelwe kubukrelekrele obubi kwaye yakhokelela kwiingxwelerha ezininzi zabantu - ayenze kancinci ngaphandle kwenzondo yamafutha. eUnited States ngaphakathi kwePakistan kwaye ibeke amagosa asePakistan kwimeko engathandekiyo yokuxoka malunga nogwayimbo. "
Owayesakuba nguMlawuli woBuntlola beSizwe uDennis Blair wathi ukuba ngelixa "uhlaselo lwe-drone luye lwanceda ukunciphisa ubunkokeli be-Qaeda ePakistan, baye bandisa inzondo ngeMelika."
Omnye umcebisi ka-Obama, uMichael Boyle, uthe ugwayimbo lwedrone “luneziphumo ezibi ezingakhange zilinganiswe ngokufanelekileyo ngokuchasene neenzuzo zobuchule ezinxulumene nokubulala abanqolobi ... Inkqubo ePakistan, Yemen nakwamanye amazwe.
Ukanti omnye, uGen. James E. Cartwright, owayesakuba ngusekela-sihlalo we-Joint Chiefs of Staff, uthe, ngokutsho ENew York Times, ukuba "Iphulo elinobundlongondlongo laseMelika lokugwayimba i-drone linokuthi lijongele phantsi iinzame zexesha elide zokulwa ne-extremism. 'Sibona lo mkhwa. Ukuba uzama ukubulala indlela yakho yokufumana isisombululo, nokuba uchane kangakanani na, uya kubacaphukisa abantu nokuba akujoliswanga ngabo.’”
UMika Zenko kwiBhunga lezoBudlelwane baNgaphandle uye wafumanisa ukuba "Kubonakala ngathi kukho ulungelelwaniso oluqinileyo eYemen phakathi kokunyuka kwabantu ekujoliswe kubo ukusukela ngoDisemba ka-2009 kunye nokwandisa umsindo kwi-United States kunye novelwano okanye ukunyaniseka kwi-AQAP ... e-US ekubulaweni okujoliswe kuzo kwaxoxwa ukuba 'uhlaselo lwe-drone luphawu nje lokuzikhukhumeza oluya kunyuka ngokuchasene neMelika ... Ihlabathi eliphawulwe kukwanda kweedrones ezixhobileyo ... Ngenxa yoncedo lwendalo lwedrones ngaphezu kwamanye amaqonga ezixhobo, amazwe kunye nabadlali abangekho phantsi korhulumente banokusebenzisa amandla abulalayo ngokuchasene ne-United States namahlakani ayo.”
URobert Grenier, owayenguMlawuli we-CIA's Counter-Terrorism Centre ukusuka ngo-2004 ukuya ku-2006, ubuze: "Bangaphi abantu baseYemeni abanokuthi bafuduselwe kwixesha elizayo kubundlobongela obugqithileyo ekuphenduleni ugwayimbo lwe-missile olujoliswe ngokungakhathali, kwaye bangaphi abahlaseli baseYemeni abanee-ajenda zendawo. Ngaba iya kuba ziintshaba ezizinikeleyo zaseNtshona ekuphenduleni izenzo zomkhosi wase-US ngokuchasene nabo? "
Nantsi impendulo. Owayesakuba nguSekela-Mongameli weMishini yase-US e-Yemen, uNabeel Khoury, ulumkise ngelithi "i-US ivelisa malunga namashumi amane ukuya kwamashumi amathandathu eentshaba ezitsha kuye wonke umsebenzi we-AQAP obulewe ziidrones."
Ubungeke ukwazi oku kuninzi ENew York Times iingxelo, kodwa a ENew York Times Uhleli iyayicacisa into yokuba: "Ewe, sele sisazi ukuba intuthumbo kunye nogwayimbo lwe-drone lubeka isoyikiso esinzulu kukhuseleko lwelizwe laseMelika kunye nokhuseleko lwabemi baphesheya."
Kodwa ukuba kunjalo "ngokuqinisekileyo" ukuba i-drones isibeka emngciphekweni kunokuba isikhusele, kwaye ixabisa intywenka yemali, kwaye yonakalisa indalo, kwaye ibulala amawaka abantu, kwaye yonakalise inkululeko esisiseko yoluntu, kwaye yenza iimfazwe ezincinci eziphuhlayo. kwiimfazwe ezinkulu ekulula kakhulu ukuziqala, kwaye ukwanda kwazo kwezinye izizwe ezininzi kuya kuba yintlekele, kutheni kunjalo?
Ewe kunjalo, uphando oluninzi luya kwenziwa, uninzi lwalo luxhaswe ngemali ngabazuzi bedrone. Kodwa ngaba sasiyifuna ngokwenene? Khawufan’ ucinge nje okomzuzwana ukuba ibhombu eyayisetyenziswa ngamapolisa ekuqhushumbiseni indoda eDallas, eTexas, kule nyanga yayiyinto eqhelekileyo, ukuba ezi bhombu zaziqhushumba kuzo zonke izixeko zaseU.S. babeneselfowuni yomntu owayebonakala ekrokra, ukuba bajolise kwabo bangxamele ukuya kunceda amaxhoba ogwayimbo lwangaphambili, ukuba iidrones zokuhambisa iibhombu zazisoloko zingxola njengesoyikiso esihlala sikhona kangangokuba abazali babesala. ukuba bavumele abantwana babo baphume ngomnyango baye esikolweni. Khawube nomfanekiso-ngqondweni wakho, uze uzibuze enoba ubani unokucaphuka kusini na.
Kufuneka sizithintele iidrones ezinezixhobo: http://banweaponizeddrones.org
