I-US kunye ne-NATO Buildup eMpuma Yurophu kunye ne-Scandinavia kunye ne-US Basics Military kunye ne-Exercises e-Afrika

Ukunikezelwa kwe-VI Symposium ekuphelisweni kwamaZiko aseMkhosini angaphandle
Guantanamo, Cuba, ngoMeyi 4-6, 2019

Ngu-Colonel Ann Wright

Ndimele ndiqalise intetho yam ngokuxolisa kubantu baseCuba ngelizwe lam, iUnited States yaseMelika ehlala kumhlaba wobukhosi waseCuba kwiNavy Base yaseGuantanamo, isiseko sezomkhosi i-US ebisoloko siyibambe ixesha elide ngaphandle kwe-US kunye nezindlu zexesha elidlulileyo Iminyaka eyi-18 intolongo eyayidume kakubi apho.

Ndiyaxolisa ngenxa yezohlwayo ezinobungozi e-US eziye zazenza kubantu baseCuba iminyaka engaphezu kwe-50 njengobungqonge kwezoqoqosho kunye neendlela zokusongela nokuziphindezela ngenxa yokungafihlisi ngentando yase-US kwiminyaka eyi-61, ukususela kwi-Revolution yeCuban.

Ndiphinde ndixolise kuMongameli weCuban Institute for Friendship of the Peoples (ICAP) uFernando Gonzalez ngenxa yokuvalelwa kwakhe ngokungemthetho eUnited States nakwabanye abantu ababizwa ngokuba yiCuban Five ababengaboshwa ngokusemthethweni e-US

Ndifuna nokuxolisa kubantu baseVenezuela naseNicaragua ngendima ye-US kwilinge lokubhukuqa oorhulumente abakhethiweyo baye kumazwe abo kunye nezohlwayo e-US ezibeke kuloo mazwe. Ndicela uxolo nakubantu baseHonduras ngendima eyadlalwa yiMelika ekubhukuqeni urhulumente wabo. Okwangoku, ngesicelo sikaRhulumente waseVenezuela, abahlobo baseWashington, DC bahlala kwi-Embassy yaseVenezuela ukuthintela ukuzama ukubanjwa kukaJuan Guaido ekuhlaseleni isakhiwo soZakuzo.

Ngoku kuya kwinqaku kwintetho yam. 70^th isikhumbuzo soMbutho weSivumelwano seNyakatho yeAtlantic (i-NATO) wabanjwa eWashington, DC ngo-Epreli 3 no-4, 2019. Imibutho emininzi yeza eWashington ukuza kucela umngeni kwindlela yokuchasana neRussia eyenze iYurophu enye indawo yengxaki emva kweminyaka engaphezulu kwama-25 yeCold Imfazwe yaphela kwimbali.

Kule minyaka elishumi edlulileyo, i-US kunye ne-NATO baye bafumana izixhobo ezisemkhosini kwi-Baltic, eScandinavia naseMpuma Yurophu kwimida yaseRashiya.

E-Estonia, kukho i-NATO ibhola ekhokelwa yi-UK kwaye iqulunqwe ngamasosha ase-800 avela eDenmark naseFransi kunye ne-4 yaseJamani I-jipon jets eyenza i-Baltic "I-Air Policing".

KwiLatvia, kukho iqela lomntu we-1,200 okhokelwa yiCanada kwaye iqulunqwe ngabasebenzi base-Albania, e-Italy, ePoland, eSpain naseSlovenia.

E-Lithuania, ibutho le-1,200 ibanjwa yiJamani kunye nabasemkhosini baseBelgium, eCroatia, eFransi, eLuxembourg, eNetherlands naseNorway kunye ne-4 Dutch F-16 jet eyenza iBaltic "I-Air Policing".

Kuye kwaba nokwanda kwimali-mali yemikhosi yase-Estonia kunye neLatvia neLithuania ngokuphindaphinda kabini ibhajethi yayo yempi ngenxa yexinzelelo lwe-NATO.

EPoland, kukho i-US Aegis system-based based missile system kunye ne-4,000 yase-US ibetalon ephethe iinqwelo ezinkulu, kuquka i-250 tanks, i-Bradley Ukulwa Neenqwelo kunye nePaladin.

ERomania, i-US ifake i-Aegis kwinkqubo ye-missile yomhlaba, owokuqala eYurophu ukususela kwiMfazwe yeCold.

Ngasenyakatho yeYurophu eScandinavia, i-NATO eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu ekuqhubeni iMpi yeCold, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Trident Juncture 18, eyenziwa eNorway ukusuka ngo-Oktobha 25 ukuya kuNovemba 7, i-2018 kwinto ebonisa ngayo amandla amakhulu okwenzakalisa iRashiya.

Amajoni angama-50,000 31 asuka kumazwe angama-29-amazwe angama-XNUMX e-NATO kunye neSweden neFinland-bathatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi ehlelwe kumbindi weNorway yoqeqesho lomhlaba, kuMntla weAtlantic nakuLwandle lweBaltic kwimisebenzi yaselwandle, naseNorway, eSweden nase Isithuba somoya saseFinland.

Yimalunga namawaka ama-10,000 2002 amajoni kunakwindlela yokuQinisa ngeStrong ePoland ngo-11, eyadibanisa amalungu e-Alliance kunye namazwe ali-XNUMX amaqabane.

I-10,000 yezithuthi yathatha inxaxheba kwimithambo yomkhosi kwaye xa yayimiswe umgca wokuya esiphelweni, i-convoy yayiya kuba yi-92 yeekhilomitha okanye i-57 yeemayile ubude. Iinqwelomoya ezingama-250 kunye neenqanawa ezingama-60 zithathe inxaxheba, kubandakanywa umphathi wenqwelomoya ohamba ngenqwelo moya uUSS Harry S. Truman

Ngaphezulu kwama-20,000 24,000 omkhosi womhlaba, kunye nabasebenzi abangama-3,500 be-navy kubandakanya ama-US Marines, ama-1,000 abasebenzi bezomkhosi womoya, malunga ne-1,300 yeengcali kunye ne-XNUMX yabasebenzi abavela kuluhlu lwemiyalelo ye-NATO abathathe inxaxheba.

Amazwe amahlanu aphezulu abenegalelo yayiyiMelika, iJamani, iNorway, iBritane neSweden, ngokulandelelana.

Kwi-2017, ngaphandle koqhanqalazo oluqinileyo oluvela eRashiya, ama-330 ama-US Marines athunyelwa ngokujikeleza kwiziko loqeqesho laseNorway eVærnes embindini weNorway. I-US ifuna ukunyusa inani lamajoni ase-US ukuya kuma-700 kwaye ndiwamise ngasemantla eS Setermoen, kwiikhilomitha ezingama-420 ukusuka eRashiya. Isivumelwano sokuthunyelwa e-US siza kwandiswa ukusuka kwiinyanga ezi-XNUMX ezihlaziyiweyo ukuya kwiminyaka emihlanu.

Isihlomelo saseRussia eCrimea ngo-2014 sisiseko se-NATO esisetyenziselwa ukwandisa abasebenzi base-US / NATO kumbindi nakwimpuma yeYurophu. Urhulumente waseRussia uphindaphinde kwaye wagxeka kabukhali ukuthunyelwa kwemikhosi yase-US eNorway.

Ukususela ekuxhasweni kweRashiya eCrimea kwi-2014,  IPoland yinto ebalulekileyo yokwanda kwe-US eMpuma Yurophu, kuquka phinda ukuthunyelwa kweqela le-173rd Airborne Brigade Combat Team ukubonisa ukuququzelela ngokukhawuleza amabutho ase-US kunye ne-NATO. Ngo-Agasti, i-US Air Force yafakwa ezintlanu ze-F-22 Raptors kunye ne-40 airmen ePoland ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi edibeneyo apho.

I-US imemezele ukuba i-US Army yaseYurophu iya kwandisa ubukhosi bayo ngokufaka iijoni ze-1,500 kwimikhosi yayo eJamani.

Umkhosi wathi kuSeptemba 2018 ukuba isebenze entsha yunithi zicwangciselwe ukuqalisa kulo nyaka kwaye ukuba imikhosi kunye neentsapho zabo zifaneleke zonke kwiindawo zasezantsi eJamani ngoSeptemba 2020.

Kukho amajoni angama-35,220 ase-US eJamani kunye nama-64,112 omkhosi wase-US eYurophu:

Isindululo senkonzo yezokhuseleko yasePoland sidwelise imimandla yelizwe iBydgoszcz kunye neToruń njengeendawo ezinokubakho zecandelo laseMelika lokulwa. Ukongeza, iZiko loQeqesho loMkhosi oHlanganisiweyo le-NATO sele likwizikhundla zaseBydgoszcz.

Ubukho bempi yase-United States eYurophu kwafikelela kwinqanaba elingaphezu kwama-50 anamaqela angama-450,000 asebenza kwiindawo ezingaphezulu kwe-1,200. Emva kokuphela kweMfazwe yeCold yaseMzantsi United yaseYurophu ekhona eYurophu yancipha ngokukhawuleza kwi-213,000 servicemen, kwaye kamva kwi-1993 yancipha ngakumbi kwi-112,000 servicemen. Namhlanje kukho i-64, i-112 yamaMerika amabutho aseYurophu ayigxina ngokusisigxina. Iziseko zeMpi kunye ne-US Military eYurophu (i-EUCOM) ingahlelwa kwicandelo.

IIMPAWU ZAMASEBENZI E-US MILITARY

Izixhobo zoMkhosi https://southfront.org/military-analysis-us-military-presence-in-europe/

• Izixhobo eziphambili zokusebenza zifakelo ezinkulu ezinokukwazi ukufumana inani elincinci lemimandla egcinwe ngokusisigxina eneziseko ezizinzile.
• Amasayithi okuqhubela phambili ngokuyinhloko zisetyenziselwa ukujikeleza. Ezi zitshixo ziyakwazi ukulungelelaniswa ngokweemeko.
• Indawo zo khu seleko Ngokuqhelekileyo ayinayo imimandla yokumisa ngokusisigxina kwaye igcinwe yikontrakta okanye inkxaso yelizwe.

UMthetho waseYurophu wase-European, u-EUCOM, unoxanduva lokusebenza kwemikhosi, ukusebenzisana, ukuphuculwa ngokubanzi kwezokukhusela njengenxalenye ye-United States phambili phambili yokuzimela. I-EUCOM inamalungu amahlanu: ii-American Naval Forces Yurophu (NAVEUR), i-US Army yaseYurophu (USAREUR), i-US Air Force eYurophu (i-USAFE), i-US Marine Force yaseYurophu (EMARFOREUR), i-US Special Operations Command Europe (SOCEUR).

• Amaqonga aseMelika aseYurophu (NAVEUR) inikeza umyalelo wonke, ulawulo kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwazo zonke i-asethi zase-US ezisetyenziselwa iYurophu kwaye ziseNaples, eItali eyona nto ifumaneka kwi-Sixth Fleet.
• US Army Europe (USAREUR) iWiesbaden, eJamani. Kwinqanaba leMfazwe yongqingili i-US Army yayinamasosha angama-300,000 aseYurophu, namhlanje isiseko se-USAREUR senziwa ngamagosa amabini ahlangene kunye neenqwelo-moya eziseJamani nase-Italy.
• US Air Force eYurophu (USAFE)  Unesiseko esisibhozo esiyintloko eYurophu malunga ne-39,000 esebenzayo, indawo yokuhlala kunye nabasebenzi basekuhlaleni. I-USAFE isekela iindibano eziqhubekayo eYurophu yaye yayinomdla ngokukhawuleza ngexesha leengxaki eLibiya.
• I-US Marine Force yaseYurophu (UMARFOREUR)  yenziwa ngamashumi asibhozo angama-marine angama-200, namhlanje umyalelo usekwe eBöblingen, eJamani malunga namanxweme ama-1,500 abelwe ukuxhasa i-EUCOM kunye ne-NATO. UMARFOREUR wayesebenza kwiiBalkans, kwaye uqhutyelwa imikhosi ngokuqhelekileyo kwimikhosi yaseNorway.
• I-Special Special Operations Command Europe (SOCEUR) inikeza ukucwangcisa ixesha loxolo kunye nokulawulwa kokusebenza kwemimandla ekhethekileyo yokusebenza ngexesha lemfazwe engavumelekanga kwiindawo ze-EUCOM. I-SOCEUR ithathe inxaxheba kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yokwakhiwa kwamandla kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamandla okukhusela ngokukhethekileyo e-Afrika, inendima esebenzayo kwi-Balkans ngexesha le-90 kunye nokuxhaswa kwemisebenzi yokulwa ngexesha leemfazwe zase-Iraq ne-Afghanistan.

I-NUCLEAR WEAPONAR E-EUROPE

Ngaphandle kwamandla enyukliya aseFransi naseBrithani i-US nayo igcine inani elininzi leemfazwe zenyukliya kwiYurophu. Ngexesha leNkqubela yeMfazwe i-US yayinemibutho yamandla enyukliya ye-2,500 eYurophu, nangona emva kokuphela kweMfazwe yeCold kunye nokuwa kweSoviet Union, inani eliye lahla ngokukhawuleza. Namhlanje ngokwezinye iingqikelelo ezingabalulekanga, i-US ijikeleze i-150 kwiimfazwe ze-250 eziseItali, eTurkey, eJamani, eNetherlands naseBelgium. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ezininzi zezixhobo zikhululekile zeebhomu eziqhutywe yiinkampani zomoya.

Nangona ezininzi zezixhobo zenyukliya ziseNtshona Yurophu ingabikho nkunkuma kwaye ukukhutshwa kwezi mfazwe akunakwenzeka, ngokuqwalasela imeko e-Ukraine naseMbindi Mpuma. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeziseko ezisetyenziselwa ukugcina izixhobo zenukliya eYurophu: iinqununu zeMandla eNyukliya kunye neZiseko zoMoya kunye nezikhukhula zeNyukliya kwiimeko zokuncedisa.

I-Baskin Air Bases yiLakenheath (UK), iVolkel (Netherlands), uKleine Broggle (iBelgium), iBuchel (eJamani), uRamstein (eJamani), uGhadei Torre (Italy), uAviano (Italy) kunye no-Incirlik (Turkey).

Amaziko oMoya kunye nezixhobo zeNyukliya kwiimeko zokunakekela abantu baseNorvenich (eJamani), iAraxos (iGrisi), i-Balikesir (Turkey), i-Akinci (i-Turkey). IJamani inezixhobo ezininzi zenyukliya zase-United States ezinokugcina ubuninzi beebhomu ze-150. Zonke ezi zixhobo ziyakususwa kwaye zihanjiswe kwezinye iziseko okanye amanye amazwe ukuba zifunwa.

• Amaseko e-US ase-United Kingdom
  • Menwith Hill Air Base
  • IMildenhall Air Base
  • Alcon Bury Air Base
  • Croughton Air Base
  • KwiBlackford Base Base
• Amaziko ase-US aseJamani
  • USAG Hohenfels
  • USAG Weisbaden
  • USAG Hessen
  • USAG Schweinfurt
  • USAG Bamberg
  • USAG Grafenwoehr
  • USAG Ansbach
  • USAG Darmstadt
  • USAG Heidelberg
  • USAG Stuttgart
  • USAG Kaiserslautern
  • USAG Baumholder
  • ISpangdahlem Air Base
  • IRamstein Air Base
  • I-Panzer Kaserne (i-US Marine base)
• Amaseko e-US aseBelgium
  • USAG Benelux
  • USAG eBrussels
• Amaziko ase-US aseNetherlands
  • USAG Schinnen
  • Umkhosi oLawulayo
• Amanzi ase-US aseItali
  • I-Aviano Air Base
  • Caserma Ederle
  • Camp Darby
  • NSA La Maddalena
  • NSA Gaeta
  • NSA Naples
  • NSA Sigonella
• Iziseko eziseseSerbia / eKosovo
  • Camp Bondsteel
• Amaziko ase-US aseBulgaria
  • IGraf Ignatievo Air Base
  • Bezmer Air Base
  • I-Aitos Logistics Centre
  • Novo Selo Range
• Amaziko ase-US aseGrisi
  • NSA Souda Bay
• Amaziko ase-US aseTurkey
  • Izmir Air Base
  • I-Incirlik Air Base

Ukuxhaswa kwesiRashiya kweCrimea ngokucela abantu baseCrimea abavotelwe kwisihlomelo kwi-plebiscite, banike i-hawks-warks kwimibutho yase-US kunye ne-NATO imvakalelo abavakalelwa kukuba bayayinyusela ngokukhawuleza inani kunye namandla okuqhutyelwa komkhosi wempi IScandinavia kunye namazwe aseBaltic.

Ukongezelela, i-US neRussia imigaqo-nkqubo yezempi kunye neminye yangaphandle e-Syria naseVenezuela baye bavakalisa ukunyuswa kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwe-US, ngelixa urhulumente waseRashiya enexabiso-mali yeshumi kuphela kwisabelo se-US kwaye sincinci kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nebhajethi yemikhosi ehlangeneyo yelizwe lonke le-29-NATO.

EMILITARI YASE-US E-AFRIKA

Ndifuna ukukwazisa ngokunyuka okukhulu kwenani lezomkhosi wase-US kunye nabasebenzi kumazwe aseAfrika phantsi komyalelo wase-US obizwa ngokuba yi-AFRICOM. Ngokwophando olugqwesileyo olwenziwe nguNick Turse noSean Naylor obhalwe ngo-Epreli 19, 2019, obizwa ngokuba yi "The Footprint e-US e-Afrika," kukho ama-35 "abizwa ngegama" ikhosi yomkhosi wamajoni ase-US kumazwe ali-19.

IA ARMADA NGOKUBHALA: Inzame yoqwalaselo lwe-elektroniki ye-Navy ye-Navy eqhutywe kwiinqanawa ezisuka kunxweme lwaseMpuma Afrika, Armada Uza ixhasa imfazwe ye-drone yase-US kwingingqi.

Iisiseko ezisetyenziswayo: unknown

I-ECHO IKHASI: Lo msebenzi uhlanganisa uluhlu lwemisebenzi kwiRiphabliki yaseMntla Afrika. Kwaqala ngo-2013 njenge inkxaso imishini yeFrench kunye neAfrika eqhutyelwe kwiRiphabliki yaseCentral Afrika ekhuselekileyo ekujoliseni ukugcina uxolo kwaye yaqhubeka njengenjongo yokucebisa kunye nokuncedisa kulawo mabutho okugcina uxolo eNtshona Afrika. Nangona kunjalo, amabutho ase-US akahambisani namaqabane abo entsimini okanye abaqeqeshe ngokusemthethweni. Usebenziso lwalugxininise ukuqaliswa kweenkontrakthi kunye neeMarines ukukhusela i-Embassy yase-Bangui e-Bangui kunye nokuthunyelwa kwemisebenzi ekhethekileyo yase-United States ekuncedeni u-ambassador wase-United States kwimisebenzi yokulwa neNqaba yokuKhuselwa kweNkosi. Ngeentsuku zokuqala zomsebenzi, imikhosi yase-United States yahamba ngeempi zamabutho aseBurundi, iitoni zezixhobo kunye nangaphezulu kweenqwelo zezempi ezili-12 ukuya kwiCentral African Republic, ngokutsho Afrika. Umkhosi waseMelika waqhubeka ukuthutha amabutho aseFransi ngaphakathi nangaphandle kweRiphabhlikhi yaseCentral African, kwaye umsebenzi wawusekuqaleni kwe2018.

Isiseko esisetyenzisiweyo: Abeche, Chad

I-EXILE HUNTER: Omnye wentsapho efana neengqungquthela zokulwa kwamagqabantshintshi eyenziwa yi-US e-East Africa. I-Exil Hunter yayiyiprogram ye-127e apho ama-elite ase-United States aqeqeshelwa kwaye axhobisa amandla aseTopiya ekusebenzisweni kwamapolisa eSomalia. UBolduc uthi uyawuvala phantsi kwi-2016 kuba ulawulo lwaseTopiya lungenakukhathazeka malunga namandla angangeni phantsi komyalelo wayo. Nangona kunjalo, iSebe lezoKhuseleko lika-Februwari 2018 uluhlu ebizwa ngokuba yimisebenzi ibonisa ukuba uye wavuswa.

Iisiseko ezisetyenziswayo: Ikamp Lemonnier, Djibouti

JUKEBOX LOTUS: I-Jukebox Lotus lwaqala njengempembelelo yokuhlasela kukaSeptemba 2012 eBanghazi, eLibya, eyabulala i-ambassador yase-US uJohn Christophe Stevens kunye nabanye abantu baseMerika, kodwa baqhubeka bada besa besazi-2018. Inika iAfrika igunya elibanzi lokuqhuba imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo eLibya njengoko kuyimfuneko kwaye ingeyona nto ikhethekileyo kwimisebenzi ekhethekileyo okanye ukulwa nobugebengu.

Iisiseko ezisetyenziswayo: I-Faya Greatau ne-N'Djamena, iThadi; I-Base Base i-201, i-Agadez, i-Niger

IJONGO YEJUNI: Umgudu wokukhusela ulwandle eMzantsi weGuinea obandakanya amaqela asebhola ase-Afrika kunye ne-US Coast Guard asebenza kwii-US Navy iinqanawa okanye abo baseAfrika. Kwi-2016, amaqela e-hybrid aqhutywe Iibhodi ze-32, kubangelwa i-$ 1.2 yezigidi kwiintlawulo ezihlawulwe ngaphezu kwephulo le-50 elwandle, kunye nokubuyiselwa dizeli itanki elalibanjwe ngamatye. Kunyaka ophelileyo, ukusebenzisana ne-Senegal neCabo Verdean navies kubangele ubuncinane Iibhodi ze-40 - ubuninzi beenqanawa zokuloba kunye ne-$ 75,000 kwiintlawulo ezinikezelwe ukuphulwa kwezinto ezimbini zokuloba.

Isiseko esisetyenzisiweyo: Dakar, Senegal

UMSEBENZI WESUKU: A umgudu wokujonga e-Libya ukuba, njengenxalenye ye-2016 iphulo le-airstrikes ezikhundleni zakwa-Islamic State kwiSixeko saseLibya saseSirte, zanikezela ngamagosa adibeneyo oMsebenzi oPhethekileyo ukuba aququzelele i-asethi ukwenzela ukuphuhlisa ulwazi lokujolisa kulo phulo

Iisiseko ezisetyenziswayo: unknown

JUNIPER MICRON: Kwi-2013, emva kokuba uFransi iqalise ukungenelela emkhosini kumaSilamsi eMali ebizwa ngokuba ngu-Operation Serval, i-US yaqalisa ukusebenza Juniper Micron, ezibandakanya amajoni aseFransi kunye nezinto ezihambayo kwilo kolwandle lwaseFransi, ukuhamba ngeenqwelo ezihamba ngeenqwelo zokunceda ukuxhasa amaFrench, kunye nokuncedisa amabutho aseAfrika. UJuniper Micron wayeqhubeka ngo-Oktobha 2018, kunye izicwangciso zalo ukuba ziqhubeke kwilixa elizayo.

Iisiseko ezisetyenziswayo: Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Istres-Le Tube Air Base, Fransi; Bamako noGao, Mali; I-Base Base 201 (Agadez), Arlit, Dirkou, Madama kunye neNiamey, eNiger; Dakar, Senegal

IJUNIPER NIMBUS: Juniper Nimbus lusebenze ixesha elide elijoliswe ekuxhaseni umkhankaso wezempi waseNigeria olwaBoko Haram.

Iisiseko ezisetyenziswayo: Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; N'Djamena, iThadi; Arlit, Dirkou kunye neMadama, eNiger

JUNIPER SHIELD: Umsebenzi we-umbrella wenjongo eyabangela ukuxhomekeka okubulalayo eNiger, Juniper Shield yinto yokuqala ye-United States umgudu wokuphikisa kumntla-ntshona Afrika kwaye iquka Iintlanga ze-11: I-Algeria, iBurkina Faso, Cameroon, iThad, iMali, iMauritania, iMorocco, iNiger, iNigeria, iSenegal kunye neTunisia. Ngaphantsi kweJuniper Shield, amaqela e-US ajikeleza kwiinyanga ezintandathu ukuqeqesha, ukucebisa, ukuncedisa nokuhamba kunye nemikhosi yabalingani bendawo ukuqhuba imisebenzi emelene namaqela amaphekula, kuquka i-ISIS-West Africa, iBoko Haram kunye ne-al Qaida kunye nabalingane bayo.

Iisiseko ezisetyenziswayo: Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; I-Garoua neMaroua, Cameroon; EBangui, kwiRiphabliki yasePentral Afrika; I-Faya Greatau ne-N'Djamena, iThadi; Bamako noGao, Mali; Nema no-Ouassa, Mauritania; I-Base Base 201 (Agadez), Arlit, Diffa, Dirkou, Madama kunye neNiamey, eNiger; Dakar, Senegal

NIMBLE SHIELD: Umzamo ophantsi ojoliswe kuBoko Haram kunye ne-ISIS-West Africa

Iisiseko ezisetyenziswayo: Douala, Garoua neMaroua, Cameroon; EBangui, kwiRiphabliki yasePentral Afrika; N'Djamena, iThadi; Diffa, Dirkou, Madama kunye neNiamey, eNiger

I-OAKEN SONNET I-III: Uchungechunge lwezinto ezintathu ezenzekayo eMzantsi Sudan. Oaken Sonnet Ndinguye kunzima 2013 ukuhlangula abasebenzi base-US ukusuka kweli lizwe ekuqaleni kwemfazwe yombutho. I-Oaken Sonnet II yenzeke kwi-2014 no-Oaken Sonnet III kwi-2016.

Isiseko esisetyenzisiweyo: Juba, eSudan

OAKEN STEEL: Ukuqiniswa kwe-Embassy yase-US e-Juba, eSudan, ukukhusela abasebenzi baseSebe likaRhulumente ngexesha lempikiswano phakathi kwamaqela achasene naloo mfazwe, Usebenza Oaken Steel, elalibaleka Julayi 12, 2016, ukuya kuJan. 26, 2017, yabona imikhosi yase-US idlulisela e-Uganda ukulungiselela ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza kweengxaki ngexesha loxinzelelo.

Iisiseko ezisetyenziswayo: Ikamp Lemonnier, Djibouti; I-Moron Air Base, eSpain; Entebbe, Yuganda

Siceba ukuba nesethulo esidelele kwiziseko zase-US zase-Afrika kwi-symposium elandelayo.