Uphando lwaseBritane: UGaddafi wayengazukubabulala abantu; Iziqhushumbisi zaseNtshona zenza ukuba ubuSilamsi bubabe bubi ngakumbi
NguBen Norton, show
Ingxelo entsha yePalamente yaseBhritane ibonisa ukuba imfazwe ye-2011 NATO eLibya yayisekelwe kubuxoki.
"I-Libya: Uvavanyo longenelelo kunye nokuwa kunye neenketho zomgaqo-nkqubo wexesha elizayo wase-UK," i uphando yiKomiti yeMicimbi yezaNgaphandle yeNdlu yeZizwe eziManyeneyo, igxeka kabukhali indima ye-UK kwimfazwe, eyathi yabhukuqa urhulumente wenkokeli yaseLibya uMuammar Qaddafi yaza yafaka ilizwe laseMntla Afrika kwisiphithiphithi.
“Asibonanga bungqina bokuba urhulumente wase-UK wenze uhlalutyo olufanelekileyo lwemeko yemvukelo eLibya,” itsho ingxelo. "Iqhinga lase-UK lasekwa kwiingcamango eziphosakeleyo kunye nokuqonda okungaphelelanga kobungqina."
IKomiti Yemicimbi Yangaphandle iqukumbela ngelithi urhulumente waseBritani “akazange aqonde ukuba isisongelo esijoliswe kubemi sasibaxiwe nokuba abavukeli baquka inxalenye ebalulekileyo yamaSilamsi.”
Umbuzo waseLibya, owasungulwa ngoJulayi 2015, usekelwe ngaphezu konyaka wophando kunye nodliwano-ndlebe kunye nezopolitiko, izifundiswa, iintatheli kunye nokunye. Ingxelo, eyakhutshwa ngoSeptemba 14, iveza oku kulandelayo:
- U-Qaddafi wayengacebi ukubulala abantu. Le ntsomi yabaxwa ngabavukeli noorhulumente baseNtshona, ababesekela ukungenelela kwabo kubukrelekrele obuncinane.
- Usongelo lwama-Islamist, olunempembelelo enkulu ekuvukeleni, lwalungahoywa - kwaye ibhomu ye-NATO yenza esi sisongelo sibi nakakhulu, ukunika i-ISIS isiseko eMntla Afrika.
- IFransi, eyaqalisa ukungenelela komkhosi, yayikhuthazwa yiminqweno yezoqoqosho nezopolitiko, kungekhona ezobuntu.
- Uqhankqalazo - olwalunobundlobongela, lungenaxolo - ngelungakhange luphumelele ukuba belungekho ukungenelela kunye noncedo lomkhosi wangaphandle. Amajelo eendaba angaphandle, ngakumbi iAl Jazeera yaseQatar kunye neAl Arabiya yaseSaudi Arabia, nawo asasaza amarhe angenasihlahla malunga noQaddafi kunye norhulumente waseLibya.
- Uqhushumbo lwe-NATO lwafaka iLibya kwintlekele yobuntu, yabulala amawaka abantu kwaye yagxotha amakhulu amawaka ngaphezulu, iguqula iLibya kwilizwe lase-Afrika ngowona mgangatho uphezulu wokuphila waba lilizwe elidlakazwe yimfazwe.
Intsomi yokuba uQaddafi angabulala abantu kunye nokungabikho kwengqondo
"Nangona intetho yakhe, isiphakamiso sokuba u-Muammar Gaddafi wayeyalele ukubulawa kwabantu e-Benghazi ayizange ixhaswe bubungqina obukhoyo," iKomiti yeMicimbi yezangaphandle ichaza ngokucacileyo.
"Nangona u-Muammar Gaddafi ngokuqinisekileyo wayesoyikisa ngobundlobongela kwabo bathatha izixhobo ngokuchasene nolawulo lwakhe, oku akuzange kuguqulele kwisisongelo kuye wonke umntu waseBenghazi," iqhubeka ingxelo. "Ngamafutshane, ubungakanani besoyikiso kuluntu lwaziswe ngesiqinisekiso esingenasihlahla."
Isishwankathelo sale ngxelo sikwaphawula ukuba imfazwe “ayizange isekelwe kubukrelekrele obuchanileyo.” Yongezelela ngelithi, “kubikwa ukuba amagosa ezobuntlola eUnited States akuchaza oku kungenelela ‘njengesigqibo esingenabukrelekrele.’”
Oku kubhabha ebusweni bamanani ezopolitiko athi akhokelela kuqhushumbo lwe-NATO. Emva koko uqhanqalazo olunobundlobongela kwaqhambuka eLibya ngoFebruwari, kwaye iBenghazi - isixeko sesibini ngobukhulu eLibya - yathathwa ngabavukeli, abantu abachasayo abagxothiweyo njengoSoliman Bouchuiguir, umongameli weLibya-based League yaseLibya yamaLungelo oLuntu,zifunyenwe ukuba, ukuba uQaddafi wasithatha kwakhona isixeko, "Kuya kubakho uphalazo-gazi lokwenene, ukubulawa kwabantu abaninzi njengoko sasibonile eRwanda."
Ingxelo yePalamente yaseBhritane, nangona kunjalo, iphawula ukuba urhulumente waseLibya wazithatha kwakhona iidolophu kubavukeli ekuqaleni kukaFebruwari 2011, ngaphambi kokuba i-NATO iqalise iphulo logwayimbo lomoya, kwaye imikhosi kaQaddafi ayizange ihlasele abantu.
Ngomhla we-17 ka-Matshi i-2011, ingxelo ibonisa - iintsuku ezimbini ngaphambi kokuba i-NATO iqale ukuqhuma ibhomu - u-Qaddafi watshela abavukeli base-Benghazi, "Lahla izixhobo zakho, njengokuba abazalwana bakho base-Ajdabiya nakwezinye iindawo benza. Bazibeka phantsi iingalo zabo kwaye bakhuselekile. Asizange sibasukele konke konke.”
IKomiti yeMicimbi yezangaphandle yongeza ukuba, xa imikhosi karhulumente waseLibya iphinda ithatha idolophu yase-Ajdabiya ngoFebruwari, ayizange ihlasele abantu. UQaddafi "ukwazama ukukholisa abaqhankqalazi eBenghazi ngokubanika uncedo lophuhliso ngaphambi kokuba athumele amajoni ekugqibeleni," yongeza ingxelo.
Komnye umzekelo, ingxelo ibonisa ukuba, emva kokulwa ngoFebruwari nangoMatshi kwisixeko saseMisrata - isixeko sesithathu ngobukhulu eLibya, esasikhe sathinjwa ngabavukeli - malunga ne-1 ekhulwini labantu ababulawa ngurhulumente waseLibya ngabasetyhini okanye abantwana.
“Umahluko phakathi kwamaxhoba angamadoda nabasetyhini ucebise ukuba imikhosi yolawulo lukaGaddafi ijolise kumajoni angamadoda kwimfazwe yamakhaya kwaye ayizange ihlasele abantu ngokungakhethiyo,” itshilo le komiti.
Amagosa aphezulu aseBritani avumile kuphando lwePalamente ukuba awazange acinge ngezenzo zokwenyani zikaQaddafi, kwaye endaweni yoko acela ungenelelo lomkhosi eLibya ngokusekwe kwintetho yakhe.
NgoFebruwari, uQaddafi wanika ubushushu intetho besoyikisa abavukeli ababethabathe izixeko. Uthe "bambalwa abambalwa" kwaye "bambalwa abanqolobi," kwaye wababiza "iimpuku" "eziguqula iLibya ibe yi-emirate yaseZawahiri kunye neBin Laden," ebhekisela kwiinkokeli ze-al-Qaeda.
Ekupheleni kwentetho yakhe, uQaddafi wathembisa “ukucoca iLibya, intshi nge-intshi, indlu ngendlu, ikhaya nekhaya, indledlana ngendledlana,” kwaba bavukeli. Amajelo osasazo amaninzi aseNtshona, nangona kunjalo, achaza okanye axela ngokucacileyo ukuba intetho yakhe yayithethwa njengesisoyikiso kubo bonke abaqhankqalazi. Intatheli yakwaSirayeli yandiswa lo mgca ngokuwujika ube yingoma ethi "Zenga, Zenga" (igama lesiArabhu elithi "alleyway"). Ividiyo kaYouTube enentetho exutyiweyo yasasazwa kwihlabathi liphela.
IKomiti yeMicimbi yezaNgaphandle iphawula kwingxelo yayo ukuba, ngelo xesha, amagosa aseBritane "ayeswele ubukrelekrele obuthembekileyo." UWilliam Hague, owayesebenza njengonobhala welizwe laseBritani kwimicimbi yangaphandle kunye nemicimbi yoluntu ngexesha lemfazwe yaseLibya, wabanga kwikomiti ukuba uQaddafi wayethembise "ukuya kwindlu ngendlu, igumbi ngegumbi, ukuziphindezela kubantu baseBenghazi; ” ecaphula kakubi intetho kaQaddafi. Wongeze wathi, "Abantu abaninzi babeza kufa."
“Ngenxa yokunqongophala kobukrelekrele obuthembekileyo, bobabini uLord Hague kunye noGqr Fox baqaqambise ifuthe lentetho ka-Muammar Gaddafi xa bethatha izigqibo,” iphawula le ngxelo, iphinda ibhekisele kuNobhala weLizwe wezoKhuselo uLiam Fox.
UGeorge Joffé, isifundiswa kwiYunivesithi yaseKing's College yaseLondon kunye nengcali kuMbindi Mpuma nakuMntla Afrika, uxelele iKomiti yeMicimbi yezaNgaphandle ngophando lwayo ukuba, ngelixa uQaddafi ngamanye amaxesha wayesebenzisa intetho eyoyikisayo ethi "ibiyigazi," imizekelo edlulileyo ibonise ukuba. inkokeli ekudala yaseLibya "yayilumke kakhulu" ukunqanda ukwenzakala kwabantu.
Ngesinye isihlandlo, uJoffé wathi, “kunokuba azame ukususa izisongelo kurhulumente wasempuma, eCyrenaica, uGaddafi wachitha iinyanga ezintandathu ezama ukuthomalalisa izizwe ezazilapho.”
U-Qaddafi "ubenokulumka kakhulu kwimpendulo," utshilo uJoffé kwingxelo. "Uloyiko lokubulawa kwabantu abaninzi lwalugqithiswa kakhulu."
U-Alison Pargeter, ugxa ophambili wophando kwiRoyal United Services Institute kunye nengcali kwiLibya ekwadliwano-ndlebe naye kuphando, uvumelene noJoffé. Uxelele ikomiti ukuba akukho “bungqina bokwenyani ngelo xesha bokuba uGaddafi wayelungiselela ukubulala abantu bakhe.”
"U-Émigrés ngokuchasene no-Muammar Gaddafi wasebenzisa kakubi izidubedube eLibya ngokugqithisa isoyikiso kubantu kunye nokukhuthaza amagunya aseNtshona ukuba angenelele," iphawula ingxelo, ishwankathela uhlalutyo lukaJoffé.
UPargeter wongeze ngelithi abantu baseLibya ababechasa urhulumente bayibaxa indlela uQaddafi asebenzisa ngayo “amajoni”-igama ababedla ngokulisebenzisa njengesithethantonye kubantu baseLibya abasuka kwi-Sub-Saharan. UPargeter wathi abantu baseLibya bamxelele, “Abemi baseAfrika bayeza. Baza kusitshabalalisa. Ukuthumela kukaGaddafi ezitalatweni amaAfrika. Babulala iintsapho zethu.”
“Ndicinga ukuba oko kwandiswe kakhulu,” utshilo uPargeter. Le ntsomi eyandisiweyo yakhokelela kubundlobongela obugqithisileyo. Abantu baseLibya abaMnyama babecinezelwe ngogonyamelo ngabavukeli baseLibya. I-Associated Press umbiko ngoSeptemba 2011, "imikhosi yabavukeli kunye nabemi abaxhobileyo baqokelela amawaka abantu baseLibya abamnyama kunye nabafuduki abavela e-Afrika engaphantsi kweSahara." Yathi, "Phantse onke amabanjwa athi angabasebenzi abangenatyala abafudukayo."
(Izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho ezenziwa ngabavukeli baseLibya abantsundu ziya kuba mbi ngakumbi. Ngo-2012, kwabakho iingxelo zokuba amaLibya amnyama zifakwe ezikhejini ngabavukeli, nokunyanzelwa ukuba batye iindwe. Njengoko iSalon yenza echazwe ngaphambili, iHuman Rights Watch nayolumkisa kwi-2013 "yokunyhashwa kwamalungelo oluntu okumandundu nokuqhubekayo ngokuchasene nabemi bedolophu yaseTawergha, abajongwa ngokubanzi njengabaxhasa uMuammar Gaddafi." Abemi baseTawergha ubukhulu becala inzala yamakhoboka amnyama kwaye babengamahlwempu kakhulu. IHuman Rights Watch inike ingxelo yokuba abavukeli baseLibya “bafuduse ngenkani abantu abamalunga nama-40,000, ukubavalelwa ngokungekho mthethweni, ukungcungcuthekiswa nokubulala kuxhaphakile, kucwangcisiwe kwaye kucwangciswe ngokwaneleyo ukuba lulwaphulo-mthetho olunxamnye noluntu.”)
NgoJulayi 2011, isithethi seSebe likaRhulumente uMark Toner yavuma ukuba uQaddafi “ngumntu ozinikele kwiintetho ezigqithileyo,” kodwa, ngoFebruwari, oorhulumente baseNtshona bayixhobisa le ntetho.
IKomiti yeMicimbi yezangaphandle iphawula kwingxelo yayo yokuba, nangona ukungabikho kobukrelekrele, "uRhulumente wase-UK ugxininise ngokukodwa kungenelelo lomkhosi" njengesisombululo eLibya, ngoyaba iindlela ezikhoyo zokuzibandakanya kwezopolitiko kunye nediplomacy.
Oku kuhambelana ingxelo yiThe Washington Times, eyafumanisa ukuba unyana ka-Qaddafi uSaif wayenethemba lokuthethathethana ngokuphelisa imfazwe norhulumente wase-US. USaif Qaddafi wavula ngokuzolileyo unxibelelwano kunye neeNtloko zaBasebenzi eziManyeneyo, kodwa uNobhala welizwe uHillary Clinton wangenelela wacela iPentagon ukuba iyeke ukuthetha norhulumente waseLibya. “Unobhala uClinton akafuni kuthethathethana konke konke,” igosa lezobuntlola laseMelika lixelele uSaif.
NgoMatshi, uNobhala uClinton wayenayo ebizwa UMuammar Qaddafi "isidalwa" "esingenasazela kwaye siya kugrogrisa nabani na ngendlela yakhe." Clinton, owayedlala a Indima ephambili ekutyhaleni ibhombu ye-NATO waseLibya, wathi uQaddafi uza kwenza "izinto ezimbi" ukuba akanqandwa.
Ukusukela ngoMatshi ukuya ku-Okthobha ka-2011, i-NATO yenza iphulo lokuqhushumba ngokuchasene nemikhosi karhulumente waseLibya. Yayisithi iphumeza iphulo lokunceda uluntu lokukhusela abantu. Ngo-Okthobha, u-Qaddafi wabulawa ngokungenalusini - enziwe i-bayonet ngabavukeli. (Emva kokuva iindaba zokufa kwakhe, uNobhala uClinton wachaza, uhlala kwiTV, "Size, sabona, wafa!")
Ingxelo yeKomiti yeMicimbi yezangaphandle ibonisa, nangona kunjalo, ukuba, ngelixa ukungenelela kwe-NATO kwathengiswa njengomsebenzi wobuntu, injongo yayo ebonakalayo yafezwa ngosuku olunye.
Ngomhla wama-20 kuMatshi ka-2011, imikhosi kaQaddafi yahlehla malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-40 ngaphandle kwe-Benghazi, emva kokuba iinqwelomoya zaseFransi zihlasele. "Ukuba eyona nto iphambili yokungenelela kumdibaniso yayiyimfuno engxamisekileyo yokukhusela abantu e-Benghazi, ke le njongo iphunyezwe ngaphantsi kweeyure ezingama-24," itsho ingxelo. Ukanti ungenelelo lomkhosi lwaqhubeka kangangeenyanga ezininzi.
Le ngxelo icacisa "ungenelelo olulinganiselweyo lokukhusela abantu luye lwawela kumgaqo-nkqubo wokutshintsha urhulumente." Olu luvo luye lwacelwa umngeni, nangona kunjalo, nguMicah Zenko, umlingani ophezulu kwiBhunga lezoBudlelwane baNgaphandle. UZenko wasebenzisa izixhobo ze-NATO bonisa ukuba "ungenelelo lwaseLibya lwalumalunga nokutshintsha kolawulo kwasekuqaleni."
Kuphando lwayo, iKomiti yeMicimbi yezaNgaphandle icaphula i-Amnesty International kaJuni ka-2011 umbiko, ephawule ukuba "uninzi lweendaba ezisasazwayo zaseNtshona zibonise umbono ocalanye kakhulu wengqiqo yeziganeko, ebonisa umbutho woqhanqalazo njengonoxolo ngokupheleleyo kwaye ngokuphindaphindiweyo uphakamisa ukuba imikhosi yezokhuseleko yaseburhulumenteni yayibulala ngokungenazimpendulo abaqhankqalazi abangaxhobanga nabangakhange babonise ukhuseleko. umngeni.”
Inqaku lokuqala lifunyenwe kwiSalon: http://www.salon.com/2016/09/16/uk-parliament-report-details-how-natos-2011-war-in-libya-was-based-on-lies/ #
