UTrump kunye neBiden's Secret Afghanistan Air Campaigns Zityhiliwe

Phantse i-800 eyayikade iyimfihlo ye-airstrikes yase-US e-Afghanistan ngo-2020 kunye no-2021 ityhiliwe, njengoko umkhosi wase-US uchaza idatha.

Ukukhutshwa kweerekhodi ezicwangcisiweyo zokuhlaselwa kweenqwelomoya zakutsha nje zase-US e-Afghanistan kutyhile ngaphezulu kwe-400 yezenzo ezingachazwanga ngaphambili kwiinyanga zokugqibela zomongameli kaDonald Trump - kwaye ubuncinci abangama-300 ngaphezulu kogwayimbo oluyalelwe lulawulo lukaJoe Biden.

Nasemva kokuba i-United States kunye neTaliban batyikitye isivumelwano soxolo esisebenzayo ngoFebruwari 2020, i-US yaqhubeka ngasese ibhombuza iTaliban kunye ne-Islamic State ekujoliswe kuyo, idatha ibonisa. Kwaye ngo-2021 - njengoko iTaliban yayiqhubeka nokuhlasela imikhosi karhulumente wase-Afghan, kwaye iqhubela phambili eKabul - ngaphezulu kweembumbulu ezingama-800 zagxothwa uninzi lweenqwelomoya zase-US.

Idatha ebalulekileyo yenyanga ye-Afghanistan ngu Umkhosi woMmandla woMphakathi womyalelo, okanye i-AFCENT, yamiswa ngo-Matshi 2020 emva kokuba ulawulo lukaTrump luvumile ukusebenza isivumelwano sokuphelisa imfazwe kunye neTaliban. Olo kukhutshwa luluntu lubonise ukuba zingaphi uhlaselo lwase-US kunye namaqabane ayo aphesheya olwenziwe e-Afghanistan kunye neenkcukacha zezixhobo ezigxothiweyo, kwaye bezikhutshwe inyanga nenyanga phantse ishumi leminyaka ngaphambili.

Ngelo xesha i-US Air Force wathi bekumisa ukukhutshwa ngenxa yeenkxalabo zezozakuzo, "kubandakanya indlela ingxelo enokuthi ibe nefuthe elibi ngayo kwiingxoxo eziqhubekayo kunye neTaliban malunga neentetho zoxolo zase-Afghanistan".

The idatha esanda kuchazwa yongeza intembeko ku izityholo Ngexesha apho iUnited States inokuthi inyuse ngokufihlakeleyo uqhankqalazo e-Afghanistan ukuze ibeke uxinzelelo kwiTaliban ngexesha lothethathethwano olwaluqhubeka eQatar, ngamanye amaxesha lube nefuthe elibi ebantwini.

Ngelixa iZizwe eziManyeneyo zazibonakala ziqinisekile ukuba uqhankqalazo lwase-US luyekile, iTaliban utyholwa I-US yokwaphula imiqathango yesivumelwano "phantse yonke imihla." Loo mabango ngoku kunokwenzeka ukuba athatyathwe nzulu.

“Ezi datha zibalisa ibali lomzabalazo waseMelika wokuphelisa eyona mfazwe inde,” uGraeme Smith weQela leNgxaki yeHlabathi uxelele iAirwars.

Imfazwe yomoya engazange iphele

I-US kunye neTaliban basayine into ebizwa ngokuba 'ilungiselelo loxolo nge-29 kaFebruwari 2020. Oku akuzange kuzinikele ngokucacileyo i-US ukuba iphele ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ibandakanya i-Taliban ngokusebenzayo ukuba ingahlaseli imikhosi yaseMelika e-Afghanistan ngexesha elicetywayo leenyanga ezili-14 zokurhoxiswa kwe-US.

Kwakhona kwakucingelwa ukuba ugwayimbo lwase-US luza kuphela ngokuphawulekayo, kwaye lugxile ikakhulu kumanyathelo okuzikhusela. Nangona kunjalo idatha esanda kukhutshwa ye-AFCENT ibonisa ukuba uhlaselo lwase-US aluzange luphele, kunye ne-413 ye-airstrikes 'yamazwe ngamazwe' phakathi kuka-Matshi noDisemba ka-2020 kuphela.

Idatha ye-AFCENT engachazwanga iveze phantse ama-800 oqhankqalazo lwenqwelomoya olungazange luchazwe ngaphambili olwenziwe e-Afghanistan ngo-2020 nango-2021.

Ukulandela isivumelwano sase-US-Taliban ngoFebruwari ka-2020, iingxoxo ezisemthethweni zokuyeka umlilo zaqala e-Doha ngoSeptemba waloo nyaka phakathi kweTaliban kunye noRhulumente wase-Afghan. Kwangaloo nyanga inye, ngoku siyazi, i-US isaqhuba ngokufihlakeleyo ii-airstrikes ezingama-34.

Izenzo eziqhubekayo zase-US zihambelana nohlaselo lweTaliban ngaphandle kwedolophu yaseKandahar naseLashkar Gah. AbakwaTaliban baxoxa ukuba olu hlaselo, kumkhosi wase-Afghan kuneyaseMelika, alwaphulanga isivumelwano kodwa i-US ayizange ivume, utshilo uSmith. Yiyo loo nto ubona ukunyuka okubukhali kwi-airstrikes ukusuka ngo-Okthobha ka-2020 njengoko abantu baseMelika bebezama ngamandla ukukhusela ezo dolophu zamaphondo,” utshilo.

I-Amnesty International iphawulwe mva nje into ekholelwa ukuba luhlaselo lwase-US eKunduz ngoNovemba ka-2020 olwabulala abafazi ababini abangabemi, uBilqiseh bint Abdul Qadir (21) kunye noNouriyeh bint Abdul Khaliq (25), kunye nendoda enye, uQader Khan (24). Iingceba zezixhobo zokudubula zafunyanwa kwindawo yexhwayelo zabonisa ngokucacileyo kuqhankqalazo lwase-US. Ngoku kucacile ukuba i-United States yenza ngokufihlakeleyo i-69 e-Afghanistan ngaloo nyanga kuphela.

Ukusukela oko wathatha i-ofisi ngasekupheleni kukaJanuwari ka-2021, uJoe Biden waqala wajonga ukuhla okuncinci kogwayimbo ngaphambi konyuso olukhulu, njengoko iminyaka engama-20 yokuhlala e-US yaphela ngesiphithiphithi kunye nokurhoxiswa okubuhlungu.

Kwiinyanga ezintathu zokugqibela zobukho base-US, izixhobo ezingama-226 zadutyulwa kwii-airstrikes ezingama-97 yinqwelomoya yase-US (kwaye ngokunokwenzeka ehlangeneyo) ngeenjongo zokumisa umbane weTaliban. Uninzi lwezo zenzo kusenokwenzeka ukuba ibilugwayimbo lwenkxaso yomoya ekufutshane enceda imikhosi yoMkhosi weSizwe wase-Afghan kwiindawo zasezidolophini, ebezityhutyha. Umngcipheko owaziwayo wokwenzakala okuphezulu koluntu ukusuka izenzo ezinjalo kudala zaziwa.

Ngeentsuku zokugqibela zemfazwe, uninzi lwabemi kunye nabasebenzi basemkhosini abali-13 baseMelika basweleka kuhlaselo lokuzibulala lwe-ISIS-K njengoko imikhosi yase-US yazivalela ngaphakathi kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya saseKabul kwaye abantu base-Afghan bathontelana ukuya kwindawo ngethemba lokubaleka ilizwe.

Kwaye kuhlaselo lokugqibela lokuhlasela kwe-US, abahlali be-10 babulawa xa abaqhubi be-drone baseMelika bebhidanisa utata obuyela kwikhaya lakhe kunye nomnqolobi we-Islamic State. Kwiveki ephelileyo, i I-Pentagon ibhengezwe akukho nyathelo loluleko liya kuthathwa kolo qhankqalazo.

IZizwe Ezimanyeneyo zikhohlisiwe?

Ukuyeka ukukhutshwa kwedatha ye-airstrike yenyanga ekuqaleni kuka-2020 kubonakala ngathi kuqinisekisile iZizwe eziManyeneyo ukuba i-US ayisaqhubeki nohlaselo olubalulekileyo.

Kuzo zombini i2020 ingxelo yonyaka malunga nokwenzakala kwabantu e-Afghanistan nakwindawo yayo Ingxelo yenyanga ezi-6 kwisiqingatha sokuqala sika-2021, i-United Nations Assistance Mission e-Afghanistan (UNAMA) idlale phantsi impembelelo ye-US kunye nehlabathi jikelele - ikholelwa ukuba iphelile.

Ngexesha lika-2020 i-UN yagqiba, ngaphezulu kwe-3,000 yabemi base-Afghan babulawa kumlo oqhubekayo phakathi kweTaliban kunye norhulumente wase-Afghan ngelo xesha, exhaswa yimikhosi yamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokutsho kwe-UNAMA, abantu abangama-341 babulawa ngaloo nyaka ngoqhankqalazo lweenqwelomoya - apho ibeke ityala lokufa kwabantu abangama-89 kwimikhosi yamazwe ngamazwe.

Ukanti ingxelo yonyaka ka-2020 ye-UNAMA yathi emva kwesivumelwano se-29 kaFebruwari phakathi kwe-US ne-Taliban "umkhosi wamazwe ngamazwe ukunciphise kakhulu ukusebenza kwawo emoyeni, phantse kungabikho ziganeko ezinjalo ezibangela ukwenzakala kwabantu kude kuphele unyaka ka-2020."

Amagosa e-UN kamva axelele ii-Airwars ngexesha lenkcazo-ntetho ukuba bakholelwa ukuba uqhankqalazo loMkhosi woMoya wase-Afghan ngoku lunokuba noxanduva phantse kubo bonke abantu ababhubhileyo kwi-airstrikes. Ukukhutshwa kwedatha ehlelwe ngaphambili kwi-AFCENT iwutshintsha kakhulu loo mfanekiso. Phakathi kuka-Matshi noDisemba ka-2020, iinyanga zika-Trump zokugqibela e-ofisini, i-US eneneni iqhube i-airstrikes engama-413 - kangangonyaka wonke ka-2015 umzekelo.

Kwisiqingatha sokuqala sika-2021, i-UNAMA nayo yenze uqikelelo olufanayo malunga namanani aphantsi ogwayimbo lwase-US kunye namazwe aphesheya, iphawula ukuba "xa kuthelekiswa nesiqingatha sokuqala sika-2020, inani lilonke labemi ababuleweyo nabonzakeleyo kuqhankqalazo lomoya lonyuke ngeepesenti ezingama-33. Iingxwelerha zabemi abasuka kwiAfghan Air Force ziye zaphindaphindeka kabini njengoko imikhosi yomkhosi wamazwe ngamazwe iqhube inqwelomoya embalwa kakhulu. "

Ngapha koko, ngoku siyazi, ngaphezulu kwama-370 uqhankqalazo 'lwamazwe ngamazwe' lwenziwa ngo-2021, olwathi phakathi kwabo lwawisa iimbumbulu ezingaphezu kwama-800.

I-UNAMA ayizange iphendule ngokukhawuleza kwimibuzo malunga nokuba i-UN ngoku iya kuphonononga iziphumo zayo zamva nje, emva kokukhutshwa kwedatha ye-AFCENT.

Biden phantsi koqwalaselo

Isityhilelo samakhulukhulu okuhlasela kweenqwelomoya zase-US ebezikade ziyimfihlo e-Afghanistan kwiinyanga zokuqala zikaJoe Biden e-ofisini zibonakalisa ukuba ngelixa izenzo zase-US bezikwirekhodi ephantsi kwezinye iithiyetha ezifana ne-Iraq neSomalia, ubunzulu bemfazwe yeminyaka engama-20 e-Afghanistan yaqhubeka de kwasekupheleni. .

Ngaphezulu kwezihlandlo ezihlanu zoqhanqalazo lwase-US lwaqhutywa e-Afghanistan ukusuka ngoJanuwari ukuya ku-Agasti ka-2021 kunokuba bekubhengezwe kuzo zonke ezinye iithiyetha zase-US zidityanisiwe unyaka wonke, uhlalutyo lwe-Airwars lubonisa.

"Ii-Airwars ziye zaba isilumkiso ixesha elithile ukuba amanani okuhlasela kwe-Airwars akutsha nje e-Afghanistan - ukuba atyhiliwe - angabonisa imisebenzi emininzi yasemkhosini yase-US phantsi kukaJoe Biden kunokuba abaninzi babecinga, "utshilo umlawuli we-Airwars uChris Woods. "Le datha isanda kukhutshwa - ebingafanelanga ukuba ibekwe kwindawo yokuqala - ikhomba imfuneko engxamisekileyo yokuphononongwa kwakhona kwezenzo zase-US e-Afghanistan, kubandakanya abantu abangxwelerhekileyo."

Idatha yase-Afghanistan iyeka ngokukhawuleza ngo-Agasti ka-2021. Ibhengeza ukukhululwa kogwayimbo lwangaphambili oluyimfihlo kunye namanani eembumbulu kwi-Pentagon press corps emva kwemini ngoLwesihlanu, isithethi esiyintloko seDoD uJohn Kirby. xelele i intatheli: "Akukhange kubekho moya e-Afghanistan okoko ukurhoxa kugqityiwe."