I-X ebomvu ibonisa uMmandla woQeqesho loMlilo kwiLabhorethri yoPhando lweNaval - I-Chesapeake Bay Detachment. I-X eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yindawo yembatyisi evavanywa yiDolophu yaseChesapeake Beach.
NguPat Elder, Imikhosi yePhatywayo yeMfazwe, Agasti 12, 2021
Idolophu yaseChesapeake ikhuphe iziphumo zovavanyo ezothusayo ngo-Agasti 10, 2021 zePFAS kwioyster, intlanzi, kunye nodaka lwelindle. I-1,060 esezantsi kunokuba ilindelwe ye-PFAS echazwe kwi-oyster yayiyothusa kuba i-bivalves evavanyiweyo yayisuka kwindawo eyi-23 yeemayile kude, kwenye yezona ndawo zicocekileyo ze-Chesapeake Bay. Okwangoku, i-perch ibanjwe i-1,000 iinyawo ukusuka kunxweme lwe-Naval Research Laboratory - i-Chesapeake Bay Detachment (NRL-CBD) yafunyanwa iqulethe i-9,470 ppt ye-poisons, ngelixa i-rockfish ine-concentrations ye-2,450 ppt. Amazwe amaninzi anciphisa i-PFAS emanzini okusela ukuya kwi-20 ppt, nangona iMaryland ingazilawuli izinto.
Ukutya okuncinci kwe-pan-fried perch esuka kwi-Chesapeake Bay inobunzima bee-ounces ezi-4 okanye i-113 grams. Ukuba ifayile yentlanzi iqulethe iinxalenye ezingama-9,470 ngetriliyoni nganye ye-PFAS, ziinxalenye ezisisi-9.47 kwibhiliyoni nganye, elingana ne-9.47 nanograms ngegram. (ng/g)
Ngoko ke, 9.47 ng/gx 113 g = 1,070 ng. I-4-ounce ukukhonza iqulethe i-1,070 nanograms ye-PFAS. Siza kuthi ii-ounces ezi-4 zale ntlanzi inencasa inikwa umntwana oneminyaka emihlanu obunzima obuziiponti ezingama-50.
I-European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) ibeke i-Tolerable Weekly Intake (TWI) yomntwana obunzima beepounds ze-50 (22.6 kilos) kwii-nanograms ze-100 ngeveki ezine ze-PFAS iikhemikhali, kuquka i-PFOS.
Ii-ounces ezine zeperch equlethe i-1,070 ng ye-PFAS iphindwe ka-10 ngaphezu kweYurophu. ngeveki umda kumntwana wethu. I-perch yityhefu. Ayinakumbulala umntwana, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba imgulise ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Isebe lezempilo laseMaryland alinangxaki nokuba abantu baseMaryland batya le tyhefu ingako kwinxalenye encinci yentlanzi. Abasetyhini abakhulelweyo okanye abanokuthi bakhulelwe akufuneki batye i-perch ebanjwe kufutshane neLabhoratri yoPhando lweNaval-iSebe leChesapeake Bay. Kuyacaca ngokukhawuleza ukuba akufuneki batye nayiphi na intlanzi naphina echwebeni – kwaye akufanelekanga nabani na ongomnye.
Iziphumo zovavanyo ezikhutshwe yiDolophu yaseChesapeake Beach zikwabonise ukuba amanzi amdaka “acociweyo” akhutshwa rhoqo kwibheyi esuka edolophini afunyenwe equlathe i-506.9 ppt “yemichiza yanaphakade”. I-Perfluoropentanoic Acid (PFPeA), i-surfactant yasemkhosini/yemizi-mveliso ibalelwe kungcoliseko oluninzi. I-Chesapeake Beach ikwafumana impembelelo kwiDolophu yaseNorth Beach, kunye nenxalenye encinci ye-Anne Arundel County. Zonke iintlobo zePFAS kucingelwa ukuba ziyingozi, ngelixa eyona ndlela iphambili yokungeniswa komntu kukutya ukutya kwaselwandle kumanzi angcolisekileyo.
Idolophu yaseChesapeake Beach ikhuphe le ngxelo:
“Ngomhla we-10 ku-Agasti, ngo-2021 (i-Chesapeake Beach, MD)- Idolophu yaseChesapeake Beach iyaqhubeka nokunxibelelana neSebe lezeNdalo laseMaryland kunye noMkhosi waManzi wase-United States malunga neenzame zokunciphisa kwiLebhu yoPhando lweNavy – iSebe laseChesapeake Bay.
NgoMeyi ka-2021, iDolophu yabhengeza ukuba amanzi okusela edolophu akanamkhondo we-per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Uvavanyo lwenziwa kuwo onke amaqula okusela aseDolophini, aphuma kwi-Aquifer Aquifer.
Ukongeza kuvavanyo lwamanzi okusela eDolophu, iDolophu ithathe amanyathelo ongezelelweyo okuvavanya amanzi okuqubha eDolophini, izidalwa zasemanzini zasekuhlaleni kunye namanzi amdaka eChesapeake Beach Water Reclamation (WRTP) kwizinto ezisetyenziswa kwi-per-kunye ne-polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS).”
Nangona idolophu ithi ivavanye "ubomi basemanzini bendawo", ingxelo ye-oyster elungiselelwe yi-Eurofins Environment Testing America, yomhla we-8/4/21, ibandakanya ulungelelwaniso lwe-GPS lwe-3842.084. 7630.601 esalatha kwindawo yebhayi ebekwe 23 miles SSE ukusuka Chesapeake Beach, 1 miles ukusuka St. John Creek on the Eastern Shore of Maryland, kufutshane Taylor's Island Wildlife Management Area. Le ndawo imalunga ne-5.5 empuma yeCove Point Light House kwaye ithathwa njengenye yezona ndawo zilungileyo zommandla weChesapeake. Bona i Ingxelo ye-Eurofins Oyster ikhutshwe yidolophu.
I-Rockfish kunye nePerch zaqokelelwa kwi-3865.722, 7652.5429, ebekwe malunga ne-1,000 yeenyawo kude nonxweme ukusuka kwi-NRL-CBD. Bona i I-Eurofins Fish Report ikhutshwe yidolophu.
Ngendlela engaqhelekanga, ingxelo yeembatyisi kunye neentlanzi ezilungiselelwe yi-Eurofins zenziwe egameni lomthengi:
ONtanga
8200 Bayside Rd.
Chesapeake, Maryland 20732
Attn: Holly Wahl
I-PEER imfutshane kuBasebenzi bakaRhulumente kuXanduva lokusiNgqongileyo, umbutho ohamba phambili wokusingqongileyo osekelwe eSilver Spring, eMaryland okhusela ama-whistleblowers kwaye ukhanyise ukukhanya kwizenzo zikarhulumente ezingekho mthethweni. UTim Whitehouse, uMlawuli oyiNtloko we-PEER uthe i-arhente yakhe "ayizange ibandakanyeke" ekumiseni ingxelo.
Idolophu yaseChesapeake Beach ithi "iyaqhubeka nokulungelelanisa kunye neSebe lezeNdalo laseMaryland kunye noMkhosi waManzi wase-United States malunga neenzame zokunciphisa kwiLebhu yoPhando lweNavy - iChesapeake Bay Detachment" kwaye oku kucace gca.
Ngelishwa, akukho mntu unciphisa iikhemikhali ezikungqongileyo. Endaweni yoko, bazama ukuthomalalisa iinkxalabo zoluntu malunga nokungcoliseka koMkhosi woMkhosi waseChesapeake Bay. Ukunciphisa iDOD ngumbono olayishiweyo. Ilayisenisi yetyhefu ifunyanwa ngobuxoki obunyanzelisayo, obuzinzileyo, nobusebenzayo.
Xa amanqanaba aphezulu ePFAS axelwa kumanzi eSt Inigoes Creek kufuphi neWebster Field Annex yePatuxent River Naval Station ngoFebruwari, 2020, Ira May, ngubani yongamela urhulumente ukucoca indawo kwiSebe lezeNdalo eMaryland, licebise ukuba ungcoliseko kumlambo, "ukuba lukhona", lunokuba nomnye umthombo. Iikhemikhali zihlala zifumaneka kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma, waphawula, kunye nakwi-biosolids nakwiindawo apho amasebe omlilo atshiza ugwebu.
I-landfill esondeleyo ekusebenziseni okuqhubekayo kwe-PFAS-laced i-foam yokucima umlilo kwisiseko i-11 yeekhilomitha kude ngelixa i-firehouse ye-closet i-5 miles kude.
“Ke, kukho imithombo emininzi enokubakho,” utshilo uMay. "Sisekuqaleni nje ukujonga zonke ezo." Kwaye basesekuqaleni.
Igosa eliphezulu lokusingqongileyo laseMaryland ligubungela iDOD. Umkhosi wamanzi emva koko wabika i-84,756 ppt ye-PFAS kumanzi aphantsi komhlaba kwi-Webster Field, isingise emfuleni.
Kukho ubungqina obongezelelweyo be-Maryland's obfuscation malunga ne-PFAS kubomi basemanzini baseChesapeake. NgoSeptemba ka-2020, iSebe lezeNdalo laseMaryland (MDE) lakhupha ingxelo enomxholo othi “ISt. Mary's River Pilot Study yePFAS eyenzeka kuManzi angaphezulu kunye neeOyster. (Isifundo sePilas Pilot) ehlalutye amanqanaba e-per-and poly fluoroalkyl izinto (PFAS) kumanzi olwandle kunye neembatyisi. Ngokukodwa, iPFAS Pilot Study igqibe kwelokuba nangona iPFAS ikho kumanzi olwandle eSt. Mary's River, ugxininiso "luphantsi kakhulu komngcipheko wokusekwa kwezolonwabo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweembatyisi."
Ngelixa ingxelo isenza ezi zigqibo zibanzi, iindlela zohlalutyo kunye nesiseko seendlela zokuhlola ezisetyenziswa yi-MDE ziyathandabuzeka, zikhokelela ekulahlekiseni uluntu, kwaye zibonelela ngengqondo yenkohliso kunye nobuxoki yokhuseleko.
Isiphelo seMDE ifikelela kakhulu kwiziphumo ezifanelekileyo ngokusekwe kweyona datha iqokelelweyo kwaye iyasilela kwimigangatho eyamkelekileyo yezenzululwazi kunye neshishini kwimiba emininzi. I-PFAS Pilot Study yavavanywa kwaye yanika ingxelo malunga nobukho be-PFAS kwi-oyster tissue. Uhlalutyo lwenziwa yi-Alpha Analytical Laboratory yaseMansfield, eMassachusetts.
Uvavanyo olwenziwe yi-Alpha Analytical Laboratory inomda wokufumanisa iimbatyisi kwi-microgram enye ngekhilogram (1 µg/kg) elingana ne-1 part per billion, okanye i-1,000 lamalungu kwitriliyoni nganye. (ppt.) Ngenxa yoko, njengoko ikhomponi nganye yePFAS ichongiwe ngabanye, indlela yohlalutyo esetyenzisiweyo ayikwazanga ukubona nayiphi na iPFAS ekhoyo kwisixa esingaphantsi kwe-1,000 yeengxenye zetriliyoni. Ubukho bePFAS bongeza; Ke, izixa zekhompawundi nganye zongezwa ukufikelela kwi-PFAS iyonke ekhoyo kwisampulu. Ugxininiso lunokugqithisa amawaka aliqela eenxalenye ngetriliyoni nganye yeetyhefu ezikwi-oyster ngelixa urhulumente ebika ukuba "Akukho Funa".
I-MDE igubungela uMkhosi waManzi ngelixa idolophu yaseChesapeake Beach ayinawo umthandazo nokuba igqibe ekubeni ngumdlali othembekileyo.
Ngezantsi ziziphumo ezivela kwi-oyster kunye nezifundo zentlanzi, zilandelwa luhlalutyo lwe-PFAS yi-Pace Analytical yamanzi amdaka asuka kwi-Chesapeake Beach Water Reclamation Treatment Plant, (WRTP). Amanzi amdaka agalelwa ebhayi emva kokuba ecociwe. Iikhemikhali zePFAS azisuswanga kumanzi amdaka kwinkqubo yonyango.
Oyster
PFOA – Perfluorooctanoic acid 180 ppt JB*
PFOS – Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid 470 ppt J
PFOSA –Perfluorooctanesulfonamide 410 ppt J
Iyonke 1,060
===========
I-Perch
PFOS - Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid 7,400 ppt
PFOA - Perfluorooctanoic acid) 210 ppt JB
PFNA Perfluorononanoic acid) 770 ppt
PFDA Perfluorodecanoic acid) 370 ppt JB
PFHxS Perfluorohexane sulfonate) 210 ppt J
PFUnDA Perfluoroundecanoic acid) 510 ppt J
Iyonke 9,470 ppt
==========
I-Rockfish (iBass enemigca)
PFOS - Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid 1,200 ppt
PFHxA – Perfluorohexanoic acid 220 ppt JB
PFOA - Perfluorooctanoic acid 260 ppt JB
PFDA – Perfluorodecanoic acid 280 ppt JB
PFOSA –Perfluorooctanesulfonamide 200 ppt J
PFUnDA – Perfluoroundecanoic acid 290 ppt J
Iyonke 2,450 ppt
===============
J - ugxininiso lixabiso eliqikelelweyo; B-ikhompawundi ifunyenwe kwindawo engenanto kunye nesampuli.
Isixeko saseChesapeake Beach Water Reclamation Treatment Plant
Iziphumo zoMdaka wePFAS
Amanzi Aqokelelwe 06/10/2021
Isantya Sohlalutyo
I-Chesapeake Beach, MD
IsiShwankathelo soHlahlelo lweSampulu PFAS nguMxumi we-Isotope Dilution
PFAS Uxinzelelo
PFPeA – Perfluoropentanoic acid 350 ppt
PFBA – Perfluorobutyrate 13
PFBS – Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid 11
PFHxA – Perfluorohexanoic acid 110
PFHpA – Perfluoroheptanoic acid 6.4
PFHxS – Perfluorohexane sulfonate 2.3
PFOA – Perfluorooctanoic acid 11
PFOS-Perfluorooctanesulfonic 3.2
Iyonke 506.9 ppt
==============
NgoMeyi ka-2021, uMkhosi waManzi wabhengeza ukuba indawo ye-NRL-CBD inamanqanaba ePFAS kumhlaba ongaphantsi komhlaba ongaphezulu kwezigidi ezisi-8 zeenxalenye ngetriliyoni, mhlawumbi awona manqanaba aphezulu naphi na emhlabeni. Umthamo wosulelo ngokuqinisekileyo uqinisekisa ukuqhubeka nokungcoliseka kommandla kangangamawaka eminyaka. Umlambo oshiya isiseko ufunyenwe ukuba une-5,464 ppt yetyhefu ngelixa amanzi aphantsi komhlaba afunyenwe kwi-concentration ye-171,000 ppt. Ukungcoliswa komhlaba, amanzi angaphezulu, kunye namanzi aphantsi komhlaba ayephantse avela kwiPFOS, ngokungathandabuzekiyo ezona ntlobo zibulalayo zePFAS. I-Wisconsin yeSebe lezeNdalo ithi impilo yabantu isengozini xa amanzi angaphezulu edlula i-2 ppt ye-PFOS, ngenxa yendalo ye-bioaccumulative ye-PFOS kwiintlanzi. Amazwe amaninzi anciphisa amanqanaba amanzi aphantsi komhlaba ukuya kwi-20 ppt, nangona kungenjalo eMaryland.
