By Jon Mitchell, April 10, 2018
ukusuka KwiPortside
Ngethuba lokuhlala kwe-10-day, amalungu Prutehi Litekyan: Gcina iRitidian - Monaeka Flores, uStasia Yoshida noRebheka Garrison-bathatha inxaxheba kwimiboniso yokuhlala kwaye banikela uluhlu lwezifundo ezichaza ukufana phakathi kweGuam ne-Okinawa.
Isikhundla saseJapan saseOkinawa sisingatha kwii-base zakwa-31 zase-US, ezithatha iipesenti ze-15 zesiqithi esiqingqileyo. Kwintsimi yase-US yaseGuam, iSebe lezoKhuseleko linalo ipesenti ze-29 zesiqithi - ngaphezu koorhulumente wengingqi, ene-19 kuphela. Yaye ukuba umkhosi wase-US uhamba ngendlela yawo, isabelo sawo siya kukhula kungekudala.
Okwangoku, oorhulumente baseJapan no-US baceba ukufudukela kwii-4,000 eziselwandle ukusuka eOkinawa ukuya eGuam - ukuhamba, abaphathi bathi, okuya kunciphisa umthwalo wempi ku-Okinawa. ITokyo iye yaqala ukubuyisela umhlaba njengasetyenziswa yimikhosi yase-US - kodwa kuphela ukuba izakhiwo ezintsha zakhiwa kwenye indawo kwisiqithi.
Ngethuba lokundwendwela eJapan, abahlali abathathu baseGuam babonwa ngabona iingxaki abahlala kuzo.
Isidingo esihlangeneyo
Kwiindawo ezincinci zaseTakae - abantu abahlala nge-140 - badibana nabemi be-Ashimine Yukine no-Isa Ikuko, bachaza ukuba ubomi bufana nobomi be-Jinle Warfare Training Center, isikhungo se-35 square kilometer esiye savavanywa Agent Orange kunye kamva lawulwa nguOliver North.
Kwi-2016, ichaza abahlali, iTokyo ihlanganise malunga ne-800 yamapolisa ekuphoqeleleni ukunyusa i-helipads entsha yase-US kuloo ndawo.
"Isiqithi sonke isikolo somqeqeshi," kuchaza Isa. "Kungakhathaliseki ukuba sininzi kangakanani kucela urhulumente waseJapan ukuba atshintshe izinto, akukho nto iguquka. Ii-helikopta zempi zase-US kunye ne-Ospreys zinyuka emini emini nasebusuku. Abemi basuka. "
Kwi-2017, kukho Iingozi zeenqwelo zomkhosi ze-25 zase-US eJapan - ukusuka ku-11 kunyaka odlulileyo. Zininzi zezi zinto zenzeke e-Okinawa. Ngoku kutshanje ngo-Oktobha wokugqibela, i-helicopter ye-CH-53E yatshitshiswa yatshiswa kufuphi neTakae.
Abahlali baseGuam ba tyelela uHenoko, apho urhulumente waseJapan uqalise umsebenzi wokuqala kwi-installed enkulu yamandla e-US ukuze athathe indawo yase-US yase Futenma, eGinowan. Isiseko siya kwakha i-Oura Bay, indawo yezinto eziphilayo ezininzi.
Abahlali basekuhlaleni baye baboniswa malunga nesicwangciso malunga neminyaka eyi-14. Abahlali abathathu baseGuam bajoyina ama-Okinawa ngexesha lokuhlala kwabo imihla ngemihla ngaphandle kwendawo yesiseko esitsha.
"Ndiyabahlonela abantu abadala ase-Okinawan abakhulayo abaya eHenoko ukuba bahlale ngaphakathi. Batshatyalaliswa ngokomzimba ngamapolisa angamarhaxa kathathu ngosuku, "kuchaza uYosda. "Ngandlela-thile, ndandizixolisa ngamapolisa anqume ukuba asuse aba base-Okinawa asebekhulile abanesibindi abaneminyaka eyaneleyo yokuba ngabazala nomkhulu."
Iindwendwe zaseGuam zaza zajoyina izakhamuzi zaseTakae eTokyo, apho zingenise ingxelo edibeneyo kwiSebe lezoKhuseleko laseJapan kunye neMicimbi yezoPhandle. Ukufuna ukuphela kokwakhiwa kwezixhobo ezintsha ze-USMC kwiziqithi ezimbini, le ngethuba lokuqala isaziso esinjalo sifakiwe.
Imbali Ebiwe ...
Kamva, kwintlanganiso e-Tokyo University of Science, abahlali baseGuam nase-Okinawa bachaza ukufana phakathi kweziqithi ezimbini.
Kwiminyaka emva kweMfazwe yeBini yeMfazwe, i-Pentagon yayibamba umhlaba kwiziqithi zombini ukwakha iziseko zezempi.
KuGuam, umzekelo, umkhosi uthatha umhlaba kwiRitidian, uthatha impahla kwiintsapho zikaFlorres. Kwi-Okinawa kwi-1950s, abangaphezu kwe-250,000 abahlali - ngaphezu kwesithathu kwisibalo sabantu besiqithi- ukuxothwa ngumhlaba. Ininzi yaloo mhlaba isalokhu igxothwe ngumkhosi wase-US okanye i-Japan Self-Defense Forces bases.
Kwiminyaka emibini, ezi ziqithi ziye zonakaliswa yimisebenzi yempi.
E-Okinawa, amanzi okusela okufutshane IKadena Air Baseuye wangcoliswa yi-PFOS, into efumanekayo kwimilenze yokulwa nomlilo edibene nomonakalo ophuhliso kunye namanomdlavuza. E-Guam yase-Andersen Air Base, i-EPA ibone imithombo emininzi yokungcola, kwaye kukho iinkxalabo zokuthi amanzi okusela amanzi esiqithi angasengozini.
Amaqhawe ase-United States athi iziqithi zombini nazo zifumana ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kwe-Agent Orange-izimvo ze-Pentagon ziphika.
"Silahlekelwe ezininzi iinkokheli ebusheni ngenxa yobunobunzima," u-Flores watshela abaphulaphuli baseTokyo, ecacisa amazinga aphakamileyo omhlaza wesifo kunye nesifo sikashukela.
... kunye ne-Shared Present
Ukuhlambuluka kweMpi eGuam kubonakala kukubi kakhulu ngokufika kwamawaka eenqwelwandle. Kukho izicwangciso ukwakha uluhlu olutsha lomlilo kufuphi nesiphephelo sezilwanyana kwiRitidian. Ukuba kuqinisekiswe, indawo iya kuba yinqambi ngqi kelelo lwe-7 yezigidi zamabutho ngonyaka-kunye nayo yonke inqamaniso yayo yokuhamba kunye neepetroli.
Ezopolitiko, nazo zombini ziqithi ziye zadlulelwa kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni.
Ngexesha lokuhlala kwe-Okinawa (i-1945-1972) yase-United States, abahlali babelawulwa ngumveleli wamasosha wase-US, kwaye namhlanje iTokyo iyakunyanzelisa iimfuno zendawo zokuvalwa. KuGuam, nangona abahlali banama-passports ase-US kwaye bahlawula irhafu ye-US, bafumana inkxaso-mali kuphela, abanakho ukuvota kwiCongress, kwaye abanako ukuvota kukhetho lonyulo lukazwelonke.
"Siphathwa njengabahlali beklasi lesibili ezweni lethu. Asinayo ilizwi kwinkqubo yokuthutha iinqanawa eGuam, "kuchaza uMercres.
Ibanjwa, elalivela eCalifornia, liyazi ingozi yempi kuphela. Watshela abantu baseTokyo ukuba umkhulu wakhe wayilwa njani e-Battle of Okinawa kwaye wahlulwa yi-PTSD ngenxa yoko. Emva kokubuya kwakhe e-States, waba ngumnxila kwaye wafa iminyaka emininzi kamva.
"Sifanele simele kuzo zonke iziqithi zase-siqulini ezihluphekayo," watsho.
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UJon Mitchell is a correspondent for Okinawa Times. In 2015, he was awarded the Foreign Correspondents’ Club of Japan Freedom of the Press Award for Lifetime Achievement for his reporting about human rights issues — including military contamination — on Okinawa
