Akukho nto idibeneyo malunga neNtwana ehlambulukileyo

NguPatrick T. Hiller

Imifanekiso enomsindo wesithathu ubudala Aylan Kurdhi ukufuzisela yonke into engalunganga ngemfazwe. Landela #KiyiyaVuranInsanlik (ukuhlanjululwa kwabantu e-ashore) kuyintlungu ebuhlungu kunye noko abanye abangakubiza ngokuba ngumonakalo owenzela umonakalo wemfazwe. Xa sibheka imifanekiso yale ncinane ngezinyembezi kwamehlo ethu, lixesha lokulungisa ezinye iingcamango ngeemfazwe. Ngaba asiqhelekanga ukuva nokukholelwa ukuba imfazwe yinxalenye yobuntu buntu, iimfazwe zilwa nenkululeko kunye nokukhusela, iimfazwe zingenakugwema, kwaye iimfazwe zilwa phakathi kwezempi? Ezi nkolelo malunga nemfazwe yomsindo zibuhlungu kakhulu xa umntwana esele elele phantsi elunxwemeni, efile, ekude nekhaya lakhe apho kufuneka ukuba adlale kwaye ahleke.

Iimfa zisekelwe kwaye zilungelelaniswa ngoluhlu lweengcali. Sisekude apho isayensi yezoxolo kunye nokukhuthaza ikwazi ukuphikisa ngokucacileyo zonke izizathu ezenzelwe imfazwe.

Ngaba i-Aylan kufuneka ife ngenxa yokuba iimfazwe ziyingxenye yoluntu? Hayi, imfazwe yakha inzululwazi, kungekhona imfuneko yendalo. Kwi INgxelo yeSeville kwiZigonyamelo, iqela leengcali zongcali zengqondo zichasa "imbono eququzelele ubundlobongela babantu izimisele ngokuyilo." Kanye njengoko sinakho ukulwa nemfazwe, kufuneka sibe nokuthula. Sisoloko sinokukhetha. Enyanisweni, ubuninzi bexesha lobutyebi babantu buye lwasemhlabeni, asizange sibe nemfazwe kwiindawo ezininzi. Ezinye iindibano azizange zikwazi ukulwa kwaye ngoku sineentlanga eziye zazi imfazwe kwaye zashiya ngasemva ngenxa yokudibanisa.

Ngaba u-Aylan kufuneka afe ngenxa yemfazwe eSiriya? Ngokuqinisekileyo akunjalo. Imfazwe eSiriya yinkqutyana eqhubekayo, eyinkimbinkimbi yobundlobongela obushushu obuye bakhokelela kubuninzi beentlungu. Ukuthetha ngokubanzi, kwakusungulwe kwisomiso (inqaku: imo iyatshintsha), ukungabikho kwemisebenzi, ezopolitiko zobungqina, ukuphakanyiswa kwamacawa, ukunyanzeliswa kwangaphakathi nguRhulumente, ukubhikisha okungekho mthethweni, ukukhuthazwa ngabaxhasi bemfazwe, kwaye ekugqibeleni ukuthathwa kweengalo ngamanye amaqela. Ewe, amagunya asekuhlaleni nakwamanye amazwe afana ne-Saudi Arabia, iTurkey, i-Iran, okanye iUnited States baye badlala indima eyahlukeneyo ngokwexesha elifaniyo kuxhomekeke kwiminqweno yabo. Ukulwa okuqhubekayo, ukuhamba rhoqo kwezixhobo, kunye nemikhosi yempi ayinanto yokwenza nokukhusela.

Ngaba u-Aylan kufuneka afe ngenxa yokuba imfazwe yinto yokugqibela? Uphando olutshanje lubonisa ukuba abantu bacinga kwaye balindele ukuba izigqibo zokusebenzisa amandla zenziwe xa kungekho zikhetho ezikhoyo. Nangona kunjalo, akukho mfazwe unako ukwanelisa imeko yexesha lokugqibela. Kukho rhoqo iindlela ezininzi ezingcono kunye nezisebenzayo ezingaphelelanga. Ngaba baphelele? Akunjalo? Ewe. Ezinye iindlela ezisetyenziswayo eSiriya ziyimpembelelo yeengalo, inkxaso kwi-civil society yaseSyria, ukulandela ukudibanisa okubalulekileyo, ukunyanzeliswa kwezoqoqosho kwi-ISIS kunye nabalandeli bayo, kunye nokungenelela okungekho nto. Amanyathelo amade athatha ixesha elide aquka ukuhoxiswa kwemikhosi yase-US, ukuphela kweoli ephuma ngaphandle kwimihlaba, kunye nokupheliswa kobugrogasi kwiingcambu zayo. Imfazwe nobundlobongela kuya kuqhubeka nokukhokelela ekufeni kwabantu abaninzi kunye nokunyuka kweengxaki zababaleki.

Ngaba umonakalo we-Aylan wenzelwe kwimfazwe phakathi kwemikhosi? Ukucaca, ukuhlambulula ingcamango ethile into efana nokufa ngokungenabulungisa kwabantu abangabamsulwa kwimfazwe kunye nomonakalo wexesha lobugcisa elibhaliweyo lalinokuthi lichazwe ngokufanelekileyo "i-anti-term" kwiphepha leendaba laseJalimane iDer Spiegel. Uxolo olukhuthaza uKelly Kelly luye lwafumana imimandla yemfazwe kwaye yabonisa ukuba "ukuphazamiseka kwabantu ababenokungafani, okujoliswe kwaye kungabonakali." Kukho ubungqina obuninzi obonakalisa ukuba imfazwe yanamhlanje iyabulala abantu abaninzi kunamajoni. Oku kuya kuba yinyani ngakumbi xa sigxotha iingcamango ezinjenge-"ukucoca" kunye "nokucoceka" imfazwe kwaye sihlolisise ukufa okuthe ngqo nokungafihlisiyo okubangelwa kukutshatyalaliswa kwezibonelelo, izifo, ukungondleki, ukungabi namthetho, amaxhoba okudlwengulwa, okanye abantu abafudukela ngaphandle. Ngokudabukisayo, ngoku kufuneka sidibanise uluhlu lwabantwana abahlambulukileyo elwandle.

Ewe, kukho abo bathi ihlabathi jikelele liba yindawo engcono. Iingcali ezifana USteven Pinker kwaye UJoshua Goldstein bayaziwa ngomsebenzi wabo ochonga ukuhla kweemfazwe. Enyanisweni, ndiphakathi kwabo baphefumlelwe ngcamango yokuguquka Inkqubo Yoxolo Yomhlaba apho uluntu lusemgangathweni wenguqu yoluntu, utshintsho olwakhayo, kunye nentsebenziswano yehlabathi. Njengo-Pinker noGoldstein, ndisoloko ndigxininisa ukuba akufanele senze iphutha kwiimpawu zentsimi efana nelokuba sikhathazeke ngombuso wehlabathi. Ngokuchasene noko, simele sisebenze ngokunyanzela ukuqinisa iintlobo ezintle ezenza buthathaka kwinkqubo yemfazwe. Ngaloo ndlela ke siya kuba nethuba lokuphepha iintlekele ezifana ne-Aylan zilale phantsi phantsi elunxwemeni eTurkey. Ngaloo ndlela ke unyana wam oneminyaka emibili nesigxina ubudala unokufumana ithuba lokudibana kunye nokudlala nomfana onjenge-Aylan. Baya kuba bahlobo abakhulu. Babengazi ukuba banzondana njani. Oko kwenzeka kuphela xa sibafundisa indlela yokwenza.

UPatrick. T. Hiller, Ph.D. NguMlawuli weNkqubo yokuLawulwa kweMfazwe yeJubitz Family Foundation kunye nokudibanisa PeaceVoice. Ungumfundi woTshintsho lwezoNgxabano, uNjingalwazi, kwiBhunga eliLawulayo loMbutho woPhando lwaMazwe ngaMazwe, kwiKomiti yoLungelelaniso World Beyond War, kunye nelungu leQela labaXhasi boXolo noKhuseleko.