Ngetyala: Ashitakka
NguLawrence S. Wittner, World BEYOND War, Oktobha 10, 2022
Imfazwe yaseUkraine isinika elinye ithuba lokuqwalasela oko kunokwenziwa ngeemfazwe ezisaqhubeka zitshabalalisa ihlabathi.
Imfazwe yangoku yaseRussia yohlaselo iyoyikeka ngakumbi, ibandakanya uhlaselo olukhulu lomkhosi wesizwe esincinci, esibuthathaka, izisongelo zemfazwe yenyukliya, ukwanda kolwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe, kunye nobukhosi isihlomelo. Kodwa, yeha, le mfazwe yoyikekayo iyinxalenye nje encinane yembali yongquzulwano olunogonyamelo oluye lwabonakalisa amawaka eminyaka yobukho bomntu.
Ngaba ngokwenene ayikho enye indlela yokuya kule ndlela yokuziphatha yamandulo neyonakalisa kakhulu?
Enye indlela, ekudala yamkelwa ngoorhulumente, kukwakha umkhosi wesizwe ukusa kwinqanaba lokuba ukhusele oko abaxhasi balo bakubiza ngokuba “Uxolo Ngamandla.” Kodwa lo mgaqo-nkqubo unemida engqongqo. Ukwakhiwa komkhosi wesizwe esinye kubonwa zezinye iintlanga njengengozi kukhuseleko lwazo. Ngenxa yoko, ngokuqhelekileyo asabela kweso sisongelo ngokomeleza imikhosi yawo exhobileyo aze enze izivumelwano zomkhosi. Kule meko, umoya okhulayo woloyiko uyakhula odla ngokukhokelela kwimfazwe.
Kakade ke, oorhulumente abaphazamanga ngokupheleleyo ngembono yabo ngengozi, kuba amazwe anamandla amakhulu omkhosi ngokwenene ayaxhaphaza yaye ahlasela amazwe abuthathaka. Ngapha koko, balwa iimfazwe. Ezi zibakala zilusizi azibonakaliswa nje kuphela ngokuhlasela kweRashiya eUkraine, kodwa kukuziphatha kwangaphambili kwamanye “amagunya amakhulu,” aquka iSpeyin, iBritani, iFransi, iJamani, iJapan, iTshayina, neUnited States.
Ukuba amandla omkhosi ebezisa uxolo, imfazwe ibingayi kugquba ukutyhubela iinkulungwane okanye, ngenxa yoko, iyagquba namhlanje.
Omnye umgaqo wokuphepha imfazwe abathi oorhulumente baye babhenela kuwo ngamaxesha athile kukuzikhetha, okanye, njengoko abo bawuxhasayo maxa wambi besitsho, “ukunyamekela imicimbi kabani.” Ngamanye amaxesha, ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuzikhetha kugcina isizwe ngasinye sikhululekile kwimfazwe edlalwa zezinye iintlanga. Kodwa, ewe, ayenzi nto ekuthinteleni imfazwe—imfazwe enokuthi, ngokumangalisayo, iphele igubungele eso sizwe. Kwakhona, ewe, ukuba imfazwe iphumelele ngamandla, amandla okwandisa okanye umntu ozikhukhumalisayo ngenxa yoloyiso lwakhe lomkhosi, isizwe esikwanti sinokuba silandelayo kwi-ajenda yalowo ophumeleleyo. Ngale ndlela, ukhuseleko lwexesha elifutshane luthengwa ngexabiso lokungakhuseleki kwexesha elide kunye nokunqoba.
Ngethamsanqa, kukho enye indlela yesithathu-enye iingcinga eziphambili kwaye, ngamanye amaxesha, oorhulumente belizwe baye bayikhuthaza. Kwaye oko komelezwa ulawulo lwehlabathi. Inzuzo enkulu yolawulo lwehlabathi kukubuyisela isiphithiphithi samazwe ngamazwe kunye nomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. Kuthetha ukuthini oku kukuba, endaweni yelizwe apho isizwe ngasinye sijonge kuphela emva kweminqweno yaso-kwaye ke, ngokungenakuphepheka, siphela kukhuphiswano kwaye, ekugqibeleni, ukungquzulana nezinye izizwe - kuya kubakho ilizwe elilungelelanisiweyo malunga nentsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe, eyongamele. ngurhulumente okhethwe ngabantu bazo zonke iintlanga. Ukuba oku kuvakala kufana neZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, oku kungenxa yokuba, ngowe-1945, ngasekupheleni kweyona mfazwe yatshabalalisayo kwimbali yoluntu, intlangano yehlabathi yadalwa icinga ngolo hlobo.
Ngokungafaniyo “noxolo ngamandla” kunye nokuzahlula, inkundla yamatyala isengaphandle xa kufikwa kumba wokuba luncedo kweZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ngale migaqo. Ewe, ikwazile ukutsala izizwe zehlabathi ukuze zixoxe ngemiba yehlabathi kunye nokudala izivumelwano nemigaqo yehlabathi, kunye nokuthintela okanye ukuphelisa iingxabano ezininzi zamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokusebenzisa imikhosi ye-UN yokugcina uxolo ukwahlula amaqela abandakanyeka kwingxabano enobundlobongela. Ikwadale intshukumo yehlabathi kubulungisa boluntu, uzinzo lokusingqongileyo, impilo yehlabathi, kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwezoqoqosho. Kwelinye icala, iZizwe Ezimanyeneyo azikhange ziphumelele njengoko bezifanele ukuba zisasebenza, ingakumbi xa kufikelelwa kumbandela wokuthotywa kwezixhobo nokuphelisa imfazwe. Ngokufuthi intlangano yezizwe ngezizwe isoloko ililizwi elilolodwa lengqiqo yehlabathi lonke kwihlabathi elilawulwa ngamazwe anamandla, abangela imfazwe.
Isigqibo esinengqiqo kukuba, ukuba sifuna ukuphuhliswa kwehlabathi elinoxolo, iZizwe eziManyeneyo kufuneka zomelezwe.
Elinye lawona manyathelo aluncedo anokuthathwa inokuba kukuhlaziya iBhunga lezoKhuseleko le-UN. Njengoko izinto zimi ngoku, naliphi na kumalungu ayo amahlanu asisigxina (i-United States, iTshayina, iRashiya, iBritani, neFransi) anokuvota inyathelo le-UN loxolo. Kwaye oku kudla ngokuba yiloo nto abayenzayo, eyenza iRashiya, ngokomzekelo, ithintele isenzo seBhunga lezoKhuseleko ukuphelisa uhlaselo lwayo lwaseUkraine. Ngaba bekungayi kuba sengqiqweni ukurhoxisa i-veto, okanye ukuguqula amalungu asisigxina, okanye ukuphuhlisa ubulungu obujikelezayo, okanye ukuphelisa nje iBhunga lezoKhuseleko kwaye uguqule isenzo soxolo kwiNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo-iqumrhu, ngokungafaniyo neBhunga lezoKhuseleko, imela phantse zonke iintlanga zehlabathi?
Amanye amanyathelo okomeleza iZizwe Ezimanyeneyo akunzima ukuwathelekelela. Umbutho wehlabathi unokunikwa amandla okurhafisa, ngaloo ndlela uyikhulula kwimfuneko yokuba amazwe angqibayo ahlawule iindleko zawo. Inokwenziwa ngedemokhrasi ngepalamente yehlabathi emele abantu kunorhulumente wabo. Inokomelezwa ngezixhobo zokuya ngaphaya kokudala umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe ukunyanzelisa. Ngokubanzi, iZizwe eziManyeneyo zinokutshintshwa zisuke kumanyano olubuthathaka lwezizwe olukhoyo ngoku lube yimbumba emanyeneyo yezizwe-imanyano eza kujongana nemiba yamazwe ngamazwe ngelixa ilizwe ngalinye liza kujongana nemiba yasekhaya.
Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yamawakawaka eminyaka yeemfazwe eziphalaza igazi kunye nobungozi obuhlala bukhona bembubhiso yenyukliya, alifikanga na ixesha lokuphelisa isiphithiphithi samazwe ngamazwe kunye nokudala ihlabathi elilawulwayo?
UDkt. Lawrence Wittner, edibeneyo PeaceVoice, nguNjingalwazi weMbali ephumayo kwi-SUNY / Albany kunye nomlobi Ukujongana neBhomu (IStanford University Press).
