NguDavid Swanson, World BEYOND War, NgoMeyi 29, 2020
Ndongeza incwadi entsha kaChristian Sorensen, Ukuqonda iMveliso yeMfazwe, kuluhlu lweencwadi endicinga ukuba ziya kukunceda ekupheliseni imfazwe kunye nomkhosi. Jonga uluhlu olungezantsi.
Iimfazwe ziqhutywa zizinto ezininzi. Ayibandakanyi ukhuseleko, ukuzikhusela, isisa, okanye inkonzo yoluntu. Babandakanya i-inertia, ukubalwa kwezopolitiko, ukuthanda amandla, kunye ne-sadism- kuququzelelwa yi-xenophobia kunye nobuhlanga. Kodwa eyona nto iphambili ekuqhubeni iimfazwe yimboni yemfazwe, ukunyoluka okutyisa yonke idola elinamandla onke. Iqhuba uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lukarhulumente, ukuziqhelanisa neemfazwe, ukhuphiswano lweengalo, imiboniso yezixhobo, kunye nokuhamba ngenqwelomoya ngejethi zomkhosi ekuthiwa zihlonipha abantu abasebenza ukugcina ubomi. Ukuba inokunyusa inzuzo ngaphandle kwemfazwe yokwenene, imboni yemfazwe ayinakukhathalela. Kodwa ayinako. Unokuba nezicwangciso ezininzi zemfazwe kunye noqeqesho lwemfazwe ngaphandle kwemfazwe yokwenene. Amalungiselelo enza iimfazwe zokwenene kunzima kakhulu ukuziphepha. Izixhobo zenza imfazwe yenyukliya ngengozi.
Incwadi kaSorensen ngokupheleleyo kwaye iyahlaziya iyayiphepha imigibe emibini yeengxoxo zenzuzo yemfazwe. Okokuqala, ayizibonakalisi ukuba inika ingcaciso enye elula yezomkhosi. Okwesibini, ayicebisi ukuba urhwaphilizo kunye nobuqhetseba bezemali kunye nokuthengiswa kwabantu babucala yiyo yonke ingxaki. Akukho buqhetseba apha bokuba ukuba umkhosi wase-US unokubeka nje iincwadi zawo ngokuthe ngqo kwaye wenze ilizwe labo libe yimfazwe kwaye baphumelele ngokufanelekileyo kuphicotho-zincwadi kwaye bayeke ukufihla imali ye-slush, emva koko konke kuya kulunga nehlabathi, kwaye imisebenzi yokubulala abantu abaninzi inokuqhutywa kunye isazela esicocekileyo. Ngokuchasene noko, uSorensen ubonakalisa indlela urhwaphilizo kunye nentshabalalo kwintlalontle ezondla ngayo enye nenye, ivelisa eyona ngxaki: ukubulala okucwangcisiweyo nokuzukisiweyo. Uninzi lweencwadi zorhwaphilizo kwishishini lemfazwe zifundeka ngakumbi njengeengxoxo malunga neenzuzo ezigqithileyo kwishishini lokungcungcuthekisa imivundla, apho ababhali bakholelwa ngokucacileyo ukuba imivundla kufuneka ithuthunjiswe ngaphandle kwenzuzo egqithisileyo. (Ndisebenzisa imivundla ukunceda abafundi abangabonakalisi luvelwano kakhulu nabantu njengabaqondayo.)
Ukuqonda iMveliso yeMfazwe Ayisiyo uhlalutyo kakhulu njengomzamo wokuphembelela ukuphindaphinda imizekelo, imizekelo emininzi, ukubiza amagama nokubekwa ngaphezulu kwamakhulu amaphepha. Umbhali uyavuma ukuba ukhuphela umphezulu. Kodwa uyayikrola kwiindawo ezininzi ezahlukileyo, kwaye isiphumo kufuneka sikholise uninzi lwabantu. Ukuba ingqondo yakho ayikhathali, uya kuziva unomdla wokuhlamba emva kokuvala le ncwadi. Xa iKomiti eNye yayibamba amatyala ngeminyaka yee-1930 ichaza imfazwe elihlazo, abantu babekhathalela kuba ukubhengeza ngemfazwe kuthathwa njengelihlazo. Ngoku sifumana iincwadi ezifana ne-Sorensen's eveza imfazwe eyenza inzuzo njengeshishini eliphuhliswe ngokupheleleyo, elivelisa iimfazwe eziza kuthi zenze ingeniso, ngelixa ngaxeshanye kwaye ngendlela egqibeleleyo zivelisa ukungabi nazintloni entliziyweni nasezingqondweni zabantu abahlawula konke. Iincwadi ezinjalo zinomsebenzi wokuphinda udale ihlazo, hayi ukuveza nje oko sele kulihlazo. Nokuba bakunyanzelekile umsebenzi ukuba ubonwe. Kodwa kufanele ukuba sibasasaze sijikeleze kwaye sizame.
U-Sorensen uyema kumaxesha athile ukubonisa imeko yakhe engapheliyo. Nantsi enye yezi ndima:
Abanye abantu bacinga ukuba yimeko yenkukhu okanye yeqanda. Bathetha ukuba kunzima ukuxelela ukuba yeyiphi eza kuqala-imboni yemfazwe okanye isidingo sokulandela abantu ababi kwi-hemisphere. Kodwa akusiyo imeko apho kukho ingxaki, kwaye ke imboni yemfazwe iza nesisombululo sengxaki. Kuphela ngokuchasene noko: Umzi mveliso wemfazwe uphembelela umba, kuthintela ukujongana nezizathu ezingunobangela, ukuvelisa izixhobo, kunye nokuthengisa izixhobo, ezithengwa yiPentagon ukuze zisetyenziswe emkhosini. Le nkqubo ithelekiswa nenkqubo yeMelika edibeneyo yokufumana wena, umthengi, ukuba uthenge imveliso ongayifuniyo. Umahluko kuphela kukuba ishishini lomlo lineendlela ezichukumisayo zokuthengisa. ”
Le ncwadi ayinikezi kuphela uphando olungapheliyo kunye namaxwebhu akhokelela kwizigqibo ezifanelekileyo, kodwa ikwenza oko ngolwimi oluthembekileyo ngokungaqhelekanga. U-Sorensen ude achaze ngaphambili ukuba uzakubiza iSebe leMfazwe lelo, igama lantlandlolo, azokuthiya amagama "amagama", njalo-njalo. Usinike namaphepha amane enkcazo euphemism eqhelekileyo. kwishishini lemfazwe. Ndikunika isiqingatha sokuqala sephepha:
Fumana uluhlu olupheleleyo lwamandla okubala phuhlisa izixhobo zokutshisa satellite kwamanye amazwe
imfuneko eyongezelelweyo yesivumelwano: ubuncwane bukawonkewonke obuchithwe kwiphaneli yezixhobo eziphakathi
ukuvalelwa kwezolawulo: Ukuvalelwa wedwa
umcebisi: Amagosa e-CIA / abasebenzi abakhethekileyo
ukuzikhusela okulindelekileyo: Imfundiso ye-Bush yokubetha kwangaphambili, nokuba ngaba isoyikiso sisemthethweni na
Ukuthengisa izixhobo: ukuthengisa izixhobo zokufa
umlo oxhobileyo: umkhosi wokulwa okanye wokumelana nomkhosi, oxhobileyo okanye ongaxhobanga
"Ngesicelo [se-govt esekwe phantsi.], I-United States iqhuba iinqwelomoya ezingenamvume zokuhamba kunye neenqwelo ezihamba nabantu abaxhobileyo abanelungelo lokubuyisa umlilo xa udutyulwe": “Sibhomba abantu abasemzini” ukuqinisekisa ukusinda koorhulumente babathengi
indawo yokuphuma, indawo, isikhululo, indawo yokusebenza yangaphambili, indawo yokukhuselwa, indawo yokusebenza yexesha likaxakeka: isiseko
Funda ezi ncwadi:
UKUBHALA KWEMPAHLA YOKUBHALA:
Ukuqonda iMveliso yeMfazwe nguChristian Sorensen, 2020.
Akukho Mfazwe nguDan Kovalik, 2020.
UKhuseleko loLuntu nguJørgen Johansen kunye noBrian Martin, 2019.
Ukuxhatshazwa okubandakanya: Incwadi yesiBini: Ixesha leNtshonkotha yeMelika nguMumia Abu Jamal noStephen Vittoria, i-2018.
Abenzi beendlela zoxolo: Abasindileyo bakaHiroshima nabakwaNagasaki bathetha ngu Melinda Clarke, 2018.
Ukuthintela iMfazwe nokukhuthaza uxolo: Isikhokelo sabasebenzi bezeMpilo luhlelwe nguWilliam Wiist noShelley White, i-2017.
Isicwangciso soShishino soxolo: Ukwakha ihlabathi ngaphandle kwemfazwe nguScilla Elworthy, 2017.
Imfazwe ayisoze yaphela nguDavid Swanson, 2016.
Inkqubo Yokhuseleko Yomhlaba Wonke: Inye indlela eya kwiMfazwe by World Beyond War, 2015, 2016, 2017.
Icandelo elinamandla malunga neMfazwe: Yiyiphi iMelika elahlekile kwiklasi ye-US History kunye nento thina (sonke) esinokuyenza ngoku nguKathy Beckwith, 2015.
Imfazwe: Ulwaphulo-mthetho loLuntu nguRoberto Vivo, 2014.
Ukubuyiselwa kwamaKatolika kunye nokuPhelelwa kweMfazwe nguDavid Carroll Cochran, 2014.
Imfazwe kunye nokuxhamla: Uvavanyo olubalulekileyo nguLaurie Calhoun, 2013.
Shift: Ukuqala kweMfazwe, ukuphela kweMfazwe nguJudith Hand, 2013.
Akukho Mfazwe: I-Case for Abolition nguDavid Swanson, 2013.
Isiphelo War nguJohn Horgan, 2012.
Utshintsho kuxolo nguRussell Faure-Brac, i-2012.
Ukususela kwiMfazwe kuya kuXolo: Isikhokelo KuMinyaka Eminyaka Ezayo nguKent Shifferd, 2011.
Imfazwe Lixoki nguDavid Swanson, 2010, 2016.
Ngaphaya kweMfazwe: Ubungakanani Bokuba Ubuntu Bokuthula nguDouglas Fry, 2009.
Ukuphila Ngaphandle Kwemfazwe nguWinslow Myers, 2009.
Ukuchithwa kwegazi eligcweleyo: Izixazululo ezili-101 zoBundlobongela, uloyiko, kunye neMfazwe nguMary-Wynne Ashford noGuy Dauncey, ka-2006.
Isijikelezi-langa soMhlaba: Isixhobo semfazwe sakutshanje nguRosalie Bertell, 2001.
