NguNeta C. Crawford, uJuni 12, 2019
ukusuka Ingxoxo
Oososayensi kunye nabahlalutyi bezokhuseleko baye balumkisa iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi ukuba ukufudumala kwehlabathi kuku nkxalabo kazwelonke yokhuseleko.
Benza iprojekthi yokuba iziphumo zokufudumala kwehlabathi - ukuphakama kolwandle, izivunguvungu ezinamandla, indlala kunye nokunciphisa ukufikeleleka kwamanzi amatsha - kunokukwenza ukuba iindawo zehlabathi zizinze kwezopolitiko kwaye zikhawuleze ukufuduka kwamanani kunye neengxaki zababaleki.
Abanye bakhathazekile iimfazwe zilandelayo.
Sekunjalo kunye ezimbalwa ngaphandle, umbutho waseMelika uncedo olukhulu ekutshintshweni kwemozulu lugcinwe ingqalelo. Nangona iSebe lezoKhuselo liye lacutha kakhulu imithombo yamanzi asetyenziswayo ukususela kwi-2000 yokuqala, ihlala ihlabathi omnye umthengi omkhulu kwioli - kwaye ngenxa yoko, enye ye-emitters yegesi ephezulu yokushisa igesi.
Ubanzi obanzi bekhabhoni
ndine wafunda imfazwe noxolo kangangeminyaka emine. Kodwa ke ndagxila kuphela kumlinganiselo we-US emlilweni wokushisa i-gas generated when I started co-teaching the course in changing climate and focused on the reaction of Pentagon ukufudumala kwehlabathi. Sekunjalo, iSebe lezoKhuseleko ngumthengi omkhulu we-fossil yombutho waseburhulumenteni wase-US, obala phakathi kwe-77% kunye ne-80% yazo zonke amandla karhulumente karhulumente ukususela kwi2001.
Kwi isifundo esandula kutshilwa epapashwe yiYunivesithi yaseBrown Iindleko zeProjekthi yeMfazwe, Ndabala i-US irhasi yokushisa igesi ekhupha kwiitoni ze-carbon dioxide elilingana ne-1975 nge-2017.
Namhlanje iChina yile emitter enkulu yegesi yokushisa igesi, ilandelwa yi-United States. Kwi-2017 i-Pentagon ye-greenhouse ye-greenhouse exissions ngaphezu kwe-59 yezigidi zeetrikri zeetoni ze-carbon dioxide. Ukuba bekuyilizwe, bekuza kuba yi-55th enkulu ye-greenhouse emitter ye-greenhouse emitter, eneemveliso ezinkulu kunePortugal, eSweden okanye eDenmark.
Imithombo emikhulu yokukhutshwa kwegesi yokushisa i-greenhouse izakhiwo kunye namafutha. ISebe loKhuseleko ligcinwa kwizakhiwo ze-560,000 malunga ne-500 yokufakelwa kwezemikhosi zasemakhaya nakumazwe angaphandle, apho ingxelo malunga ne-40% yayo yokukhutshwa kwegesi.
Ezinye zivela kwimisebenzi. Ngonyaka-mali we-2016, umzekelo, iSebe lezoKhuseleko lidliwe malunga Iibhola ezigidi ze-86 zombane ngenjongo yokusebenza.
Kutheni imikhosi ekhuseleyo isebenzisa amafutha amaninzi?
Izixhobo zamasosha kunye nezixhobo zisebenzisa amafutha amaninzi kangangokuba umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo kubacwangcisi bokuzikhusela uhlala ngeekhilomitha nganye.
Iinqwelo zixakeke ngakumbi. Umzekelo, ibhomu le-B-2, ephethe ngaphezulu kwe-25,600 gallons ye-jet fuel, itshisa i-4.28 gallons nge-mile kwaye ikhuphe ngaphezu kwe-250 yamathani emitha ye-greenhouse efakwe kwi-6,000 yamanzi e-miles. I-KC-135R isithuthi se-refueling tanker idla malunga nama-4.9 gallons nganye.
Injongo enye idla ubuninzi beoli. Ngomhla kaJanuwari 2017, amabhomu amabini e-B-2B kunye ne-15 terialers refueling tankers zahamba ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezili-12,000 ukusuka kwi-Whiteman Air Force Base ukuya ibhomu ye-ISIS eLibya, ukubulala malunga ne-80 ekhunjulwayo ye-ISIS. Ukungabali ukukhutshwa kwamatriki, i-B-2 ekhutshwe ngeetronkriyiti ze-1,000 zee-greenhouse gases.
Ukulinganisa ukukhutshwa komkhosi
Ukubala ukukhutshwa kwegesi yokushisa i-greenhouse akulula. Igosa loKhuseleko loKhuselo ulandelela ukuthengwa kwamafutha, kodwa iPentagon ayichazi rhoqo I-DOD yokusetyenziswa kwamafutha kwintlanganiso kwiCongress kwizicelo zayo zohlahlo lwabiwo-mali.
ISebe leMandla lipapasha idatha malunga nokuveliswa kwamandla we-DOD kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanzi, kubandakanywa izithuthi nezixhobo. Ukusebenzisa idatha yokusetyenziswa kwamanzi, ndiqikelela ukuba ukusuka kwi-2001 nge-2017, i-DOD, kuquka onke amasebe enkonzo, ikhuphe i-1.2 billion yeetrikriyoni zee-greenhouse gases. Nguwo ezilinganayo yokuqhuba kweenqwelo zezigidi ze-255 ngonyaka.
Kuloo nani, ndiqikelele ukuba ukuphuma kweemfazwe phakathi kwe-2001 kunye ne-2017, kuquka "imisebenzi engaphandle kwamanye amazwe" e-Afghanistan, ePakistan, e-Iraq nakwa-Siriya, eveliswe ngaphezu kwe-400 yezigidi zeetriki ezilingana ne-CO2 efanayo lingana ukukhutshwa kwe-greenhouse emotweni yeemoto ezi-85 ezigidi ngonyaka ngonyaka.
Ingozi ekhoyo kunye nekhoyo?
Injongo esemqoka yePentagon kukulungiselela ukuhlaselwa ngabantu abachasayo. Abahlalutyi baphikisana ngethuba lokulwa kunye nenqanaba lokulungiswa komkhosi oluyimfuneko ukukhusela, kodwa kwimbono yam, akukho mnyeli we-United States - eRashiya, e-Iran, eChina naseNyakatho Korea-ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuhlasela i-United States.
Akukho mkhosi omkhulu wokuma umkhosi kuphela wendlela yokunciphisa iisongelo ezi bachasayo. Ukulawulwa kwezixhobo kunye diplomacy kaninzi kunokunyusa ukunyuka kweengxaki kunye nokunciphisa izinsongo. Zo qoqosho izigwebo inokunciphisa amandla abameli kunye nabangabonakaliyo ukuba bangasongela iimfuno zezokhuseleko zase-US kunye namaqabane alo.
Ngokwahlukileyo, utshintsho lwemozulu aluyingozi. Iqalile, ngokwenene nemiphumela eUnited States. Ukungaphumeleli ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi yokushisa izityalo kuya kwenza ukuba iziganeko zobunzima bezilumkiso zixwayise malunga-mhlawumbi nokuba "iimfazwe zemozulu" -ininzi.
Ityala lokuqhayisa umkhosi
Kule minyaka elishumi edlulileyo iSebe lezoKhuseleko linalo kuncitshiswe ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwamafutha ngezenzo ezibandakanya ukusebenzisa amandla angaphinda ahlaziywe, izakhiwo zokuhlaziya kunye ukunciphisa ixesha lokungena kweenqwelo zeenqwelo.
Ukukhishwa kwe-DOD yonyaka yonyuka ukusuka kwi-85 yezigidi zeetrikriyoni ze-carbon dioxide elilinganayo kwi-2004 ukuya kwi-59 yezigidi zeetrikri kwi-2017. Injongo, njengoko uYakobi uMattis ubeka oko, kuyakuba njalo "Ekhutshwa kwi-tether of fuel" ngokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwemikhosi kwinqwelo yeoli kunye neoli ekhuselekileyo ukuhlaselwa kwimimandla yemfazwe.
Ukususela kwi-1979, i-United States ibeke phambili phambili ekukhuseleni ukufikelela kwi-Gulf yasePersian. Malunga enye yesine yomsebenzi wokusetyenziswa kwepetroli i-US Central Command, ehlanganisa indawo yasePersian Gulf.
As abaphengululi belizwe bezokhuseleko baye bathi, ngokukhawuleza ukukhula kumandla avuselelekayo kwaye ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwe-US kwioli yelizwe langaphandle, kunokwenzeka ukuba iCongress kunye nomongameli ukuba bacamngce imisebenzi yezempi kunye nokunciphisa inani lamandla asetyenziswayo ukukhusela ukufikelela kwioli yeMiddle East.
Ndiyavumelana neengcali zempi kunye nezokhuseleko zwelonke eziphikisana nazo Utshintsho lwemozulu lufanele lube phambili naphakathi iingxoxo zezokhuseleko zwelonke. Ukusika i-Pentagon yokushisa i-gas exissions iya kunceda sindisa ubomi e-United States, kwaye inokunciphisa umngcipheko weengxabano zemozulu.
unguNjingalwazi weNzululwazi yezopolitiko kunye noSihlalo weSebe kwiYunivesithi yaseBoston.
