NguNorman Solomon, World BEYOND War, Matshi 14, 2023
Izixa ezinkulu ze buxoki ukusuka kumagosa aphezulu karhulumente waseMelika akhokelela ekuhlaselweni kweIraq. Ngoku, iphawula isikhumbuzo sayo sama-20, amajelo eendaba afanayo ngentumekelelo babethelela obo buxoki banika iiretrospectives. Musa ukulindela ukuba bakhanyise kwezona nyaniso zinzima, kuquka nokubandakanyeka kwabo ekuqhubeni imfazwe.
Yintoni eyabangela ukuba i-United States iqalise imfazwe e-Iraq ngo-Matshi 2003 yayiyimithombo yeendaba kunye nezopolitiko eziseninzi kakhulu nathi namhlanje.
Kungekudala emva kwe-9/11, esinye sezabhokhwe ezibhengezwa nguMongameli uGeorge W. Bush sasiyinto engathandabuzekiyo. isiqinisekiso ngoxa wayethetha kwingxubusho yeNgqungquthela ngoSeptemba 20, 2001: “Ngalo lonke ilizwe, kuwo wonke ummandla, ngoku lufanele lusithathe. Mhlawumbi ukunye nathi, okanye ukunye nabanqolobi.” Yaphoswa phantsi, loo nkundla yafumana ukunconywa kunye nokugxekwa okuncinci eUnited States. Amajelo eendaba aphambili kunye namalungu eCongress phantse onke achulumancile nge Umbono wehlabathi weManichean eye yavela yazingisa.
Ixesha lethu langoku lizaliswe zii-echoes zentetho enjalo evela kumongameli wangoku. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambili ukubetha inqindi Umlawuli we-de facto waseSaudi u-Mohammed bin Salman - obephethe ulawulo lobuzwilakhe esenza imfazwe eYemen, ebangela kwafa amakhulu amawaka Ukusukela ngo-2015 ngoncedo lukarhulumente wase-US- uJoe Biden wakhwela ipulpiti yokulunga okuphezulu ngexesha lakhe ledilesi ye-2022 ye-Union.
Biden ezibhengeziweyo "Isigqibo esingagungqiyo sokuba inkululeko iya kuhlala isoyisa ubuzwilakhe." Kwaye wongeze ukuba "kwidabi eliphakathi kwedemokhrasi kunye ne-autocracy, iidemokhrasi ziyenyuka ukuza kuthi ga ngoku." Ewe, akuzange kukhankanyiwe ngenkxaso yakhe kwi-autocracy yaseSaudi kunye nemfazwe.
Kuloo ntetho yeManyano yeManyano, uBiden ugxininise kakhulu ekugwebeni imfazwe yaseRussia eUkraine, njengoko ebesenza amaxesha amaninzi ukusukela oko. Uhanahaniso lukamongameli lukaBiden aluthetheleli nangayiphi na indlela into eyoyikisayo eyenziwa yimikhosi yaseRussia eUkraine. Naloo mfazwe ayikuthetheleli oko uhanahaniso olubulalayo ezichaphazela umgaqo-nkqubo wamazwe angaphandle wase-US.
Kule veki, ungawubambi umphefumlo wakho malunga nokuphinda ujonge kwimithombo yeendaba malunga nohlaselo lwase-Iraq ukubandakanya iinyani ezisisiseko malunga neendima eziphambili zikaBiden kunye nendoda ngoku engunobhala welizwe, uAntony Blinken. Xa ngamnye egxeka iRashiya ngelixa egxininisa ukuba akwamkelekanga kwaphela ukuba ilizwe elithile lihlasele elinye, iinzame zikaOrwellian azinantloni kwaye azinazintloni.
Kwinyanga ephelile, Ndithatha kwiBhunga lezoKhuseleko le-UN, uBlinken ucele "imigaqo nemithetho eyenza onke amazwe akhuseleke kwaye akhuseleke ngakumbi" - njengokuthi "ungahluthi umhlaba ngenkani" kwaye "akukho mfazwe yobundlobongela." Kodwa iBiden kunye neBlinken yayizizixhobo ezibalulekileyo kwimfazwe enkulu yohlaselo eyayiluhlaselo lwase-Iraq. Ngezihlandlo ezinqabileyo xa iBiden ibekwe kwindawo yendlela ancede ngayo uhlaselo lwezopolitiko lwenzeke, impendulo yakhe ibe kukuchithakala kwaye axelele. ubuxoki obucacileyo.
"I-Biden inembali ende yamabango angachanekanga" malunga ne-Iraq, umphengululi uStephen Zunes ikhonjwe ngaphandle kwiminyaka emine eyadlulayo. "Umzekelo, ekukhokheleni ivoti ebalulekileyo yeSenethi egunyazisa uhlaselo, uBiden wasebenzisa indima yakhe njengosihlalo weKomiti yeSenethi yoBudlelwane baNgaphandle ukuze ba nyanzela ukuba ngandlel’ ithile iIraq iye yaphinda yavelisa intaphane yezixhobo zemichiza nezebhayoloji, inkqubo yezixhobo zenyukliya nenkqubo yokuhanjiswa kwezixhobo ezintsonkothileyo ezaye zayekiswa kudala.” Ibango lobuxoki lezixhobo ekucingelwa ukuba zitshabalalisa abantu abaninzi eIraq yayisesona sizathu sohlaselo.
Obo buxoki kwacelwa umngeni ngexesha lokwenyani, iinyanga ezininzi phambi kohlaselo, ngo zininzi Iingcali. Kodwa uSenator Biden ngelo xesha, ephethe iKomiti yoBudlelwane baNgaphandle, wabakhuphela ngaphandle bonke kwiintsuku ezimbini zempembelelo enkulu. iindlebe embindini wehlobo lika-2002.
Yaye yayingubani intloko yabasebenzi bekomiti ngelo xesha? Unobhala welizwe ngoku, uAntony Blinken.
Sikulungele ukubeka iBiden kunye neBlinken kudidi olwahluke ngokupheleleyo kunomntu ofana noTariq Aziz, owayengusekela-nkulumbuso wase-Iraq phantsi kwe-Despot Hussein. Kodwa, xa ndicinga ngeentlanganiso ezintathu no-Aziz endazizimasa eBaghdad kwiinyanga ezingaphambi kohlaselo, ndiyathandabuza.
UAziz wayenxibe iisuti zeshishini ezilungiselelwe kakuhle. Ethetha isiNgesi esigqwesileyo ngeetoni ezilinganisiweyo kunye nezivakalisi eziqingqwe kakuhle, wayenomoya we-erudite engenasidima njengoko wayebulisa igqiza lethu lamalungu amane (endiliququzelele kunye noogxa bakhe kwiZiko lokuChaneka koLuntu). Iqela lethu laliquka ilungu leNkongolo uNick Rahall waseWest Virginia, owayesakuba nguNdlunkulu waseMzantsi Dakota UJames Abourezk kunye nomongameli weConscience International uJames Jennings. Njengoko kwavela, i umhlangano kwenzeka kwiinyanga ezintandathu phambi kohlaselo.
Ngexesha laloo ntlanganiso phakathi kuSeptemba 2002, uAziz wakwazi ukushwankathela ngokufutshane into eyayivunyiwe ngamajelo eendaba aseUnited States ambalwa. “Kuya kugwetywa ukuba uyenzile, ugwetyiwe ukuba awukwenzi oko,” utshilo u-Aziz, ebhekisa kukhetho lukarhulumente wase-Iraq lokuvumela abahloli bezixhobo ze-UN ukuba babuyele elizweni.
Emva kweentlanganiso noAziz namanye amagosa aseIraq, I xelelwe le Washington Post: “Ukuba ibingumbandela wokuhlolwa ngokungqongqo kwaye bavakalelwa kukuba kukho ukukhanya ekupheleni kwetonela, oku bekuya kuba yingxaki enokulungiseka ngokupheleleyo.” Kodwa kwakukude ukuba ibe ngumbandela ongqongqo wokuhlolwa. Ulawulo lukaBush lwaluzimisele ukwenza imfazwe e-Iraq.
Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kwentlanganiso ye-Aziz, urhulumente wase-Iraq - owawuchaza ngokuchanekileyo ukuba awunazo izixhobo zokutshabalalisa - wabhengeza ukuba uza kuvumela abahloli be-UN ukuba babuyele elizweni. (Baye barhoxiswa kwiminyaka emine ngaphambili ngenxa yokhuseleko lwabo ngobusuku bento ebilindelwe Uhlaselo lwebhombu lwase-US oko kwenzeka kangangeentsuku ezine.) Kodwa ukuthobela iZizwe Ezimanyeneyo akuzange kuncede nto. Iinkokeli zikarhulumente zaseMelika zazifuna ukuhlasela i-Iraq, nokuba yintoni na.
Kwiintlanganiso ezimbini kamva no-Aziz, ngoDisemba ka-2002 nangoJanuwari ka-2003, ndaye ndachukunyiswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kukukwazi kwakhe ukubonakala ekhulile kwaye esulungekile. Ngelixa wayesisithethi esiphambili sikazwilakhe okhohlakeleyo, wayethetha ngobunkunkqele. Ndacinga ngamazwi athi "ububi bedolophu."
Umthombo onolwazi wandixelela ukuba uSaddam Hussein wagcina uhlobo oluthile lokuphakama phezu kuka-Aziz ngokugcina unyana wakhe emngciphekweni wokuvalelwa okanye okubi ngakumbi, hleze uAziz abe sisikreqo. Nokuba kwakunjalo na, uSekela Nkulumbuso uAziz wahlala enyanisekile kude kube sekupheleni. Njengomntu okwifilimu kaJean Renoir Imigaqo yoMdlalo ithi, “Into embi ngobomi yile: Wonke umntu unezizathu zakhe.”
UTariq Aziz wayenezizathu ezilungileyo zokoyika ubomi bakhe - kunye nobomi babathandekayo - ukuba wabaleka eSaddam. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, uninzi lwezopolitiko kunye namagosa eWashington ahamba kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yokubulala xa ukuchasana kunokubabiza kuphela unyulo, iwonga, imali okanye amandla.
Ndagqibela ukumbona u-Aziz ngoJanuwari 2003, ngelixa wayehamba nowayesakuba nguMququzeleli woLuntu we-UN e-Iraq ukudibana naye. Ethetha nathi sobabini kwiofisi yakhe yaseBaghdad, u-Aziz wabonakala esazi ukuba uhlaselo lwaluqinisekile. Yaqala emva kweenyanga ezimbini. IPentagon yayivuyiswa kukuphawula kwayo uhlaselo lomoya oloyikekayo esixekweni “umothuko noloyiko.”
NgoJulayi 1, 2004, wayevela phambi kwejaji yaseIraq kwinkundla eyayikwisikhululo somkhosi waseUnited States kufuphi nesikhululo seenqwelo-moya saseBaghdad, eAziz. wathi: “Into endifuna ukuyazi kukuba, ngaba ezi zityholo zezabantu? Ngaba nguTariq Aziz owenza oku kubulala? Ukuba ndililungu likarhulumente elenza impazamo yokubulala umntu, ngoko akunakubakho ukutyholwa kwam ngokobuqu. Apho kukho ulwaphulo-mthetho olwenziwa ziinkokeli, uxanduva lokuziphatha luhlala apho, yaye akufuneki kubekho ityala lobuqu ngenxa nje yokuba ubani engowenkokeli.” Kwaye, uAziz wahlabela mgama wathi, "Andizange ndibulale mntu, ngezenzo zesandla sam."
Uhlaselo olwathi uJoe Biden wanceda ekubangeleni i-Iraq yakhokelela kwimfazwe eyabulala ngokuthe ngqo amakhulu amawaka abemi. Ukuba wayekhe wabizwa ukuba aphendule ngendima yakhe, amazwi kaBiden anokufana nakaTariq Aziz.
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UNorman Solomon ngumlawuli kazwelonke weRootsAction.org kunye nomlawuli olawulayo weZiko lokuChaneka koLuntu. Ungumbhali weencwadi ezilishumi elinesibini kuquka Imfazwe yenziwe lula. Incwadi yakhe elandelayo, Imfazwe Yenziwe Ingabonakali: Indlela iMelika Eyifihla Ngayo Umrhumo Woluntu kumatshini Wayo Womkhosi, iya kupapashwa ngoJuni 2023 yiThe New Press.
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