NguDavid Swanson, World BEYOND War, UJuni 14, 2022
Urhulumente wase-US wathatha usapho walususa kwindlu yakhe, imisebenzi, izikolo, kunye nabahlobo, wavalela onke amalungu alo, emva koko waqalisa ukuyalela amalungu osapho angamadoda akubudala obufanelekileyo ukuba ajoyine umkhosi wase-US kwaye aye emfazweni.
Le ibingeyonyanga iphelileyo. Oku kwakungowe-1941. Yaye akuzange kwenzeke ngamabona-ndenzile. Le ntsapho yayiyeyomnombo waseJapan, yaye ukuvalelwa kwakukhatshwa sisityholo sokuba izidalwa ezingaphantsi komntu kodwa nokuba ngabangcatshi abanganyanisekanga. Akukho nanye kuloo nto eyenza ukuba yamkeleke okanye ingabinamsebenzi. Ukufaneleka kubonakaliswa yimeko yombuzo wengqondo osanda kufunda ngayo isihloko esingasentla. Ngaba le ntsapho yayisuka emazantsi omda? Ngaba babengamaSilamsi? Ngaba babengamaRashiya? Ububi kunye nezenzo ezixhaphazayo bezikhona kwakude kudala ngaphambi kokuxhatshazwa kwamaJapan-aseMelika ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi, kwaye kusekho nanamhla oku.
Kule veki, i ENew York Times, yapapasha iifoto ezintsha ezimbalwa ezivela eGuantanamo kunye zifunyenwe ukuba le yayiyinto entsha, nangona abantu baye babona amashumi eminyaka afana kakhulu kunye neefoto ezidume kakhulu zamabanjwa e-orenji e-Guantanamo, abaqhankqalazi babenxibe i-orenji kwaye babeka iifoto kwiipowusta ezinkulu, abalwi abachasene ne-US babenxibe i-orenji. Abanqolobi bathe basebenza ukuphendula umsindo waseGuantanamo. Ewe kunjalo, umntu ufuna nje ukwenza unqakrazo kwi ENew York Times iwebhusayithi, kodwa akukho sohlwayo sokucima izothuso okanye ukuziphatha njengezodwa.
Buyela kusapho eCalifornia. Isikhumbuzo esandula ukupapashwa nguYoshito Kuromiya, enentshayelelo nguLawson Inada, Intshayelelo ngu-Eric Muller, yaza yahlelwa ngu-Arthur Hansen, inesihloko Ngaphaya kokungcatshwa: Isikhumbuzo seMfazwe Yehlabathi II yaseJapan yaseMelika eDraft Resister yesazela. UKuromiya ubalisa ngendlela usapho lwakhe olwaxwilwa ngayo kubomi balo eCalifornia lwaza lwafakwa kwinkampu engaphaya kocingo oluhlabayo eWyoming. Enkampini, abamhlophe - kwaye ngoko bathembekileyo kwaye bayancomeka - ootitshala bayalela amalungu amancinci eqela eliphantsi ngozuko loMgaqo-siseko wase-US kunye nazo zonke iinkululeko ezimangalisayo ezidala. Kwaye uYoshito wayalelwa ukuba ajoyine umkhosi wase-US aze abulale okanye afe kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II (ubuntu obupheleleyo kunye nokuthembeka akufuneki).
Njengoko isihloko sencwadi sinikezela, uYoshito Kuromiya wala. Abaninzi bala kunye, yaye abaninzi bathobela kunye. Kwabakho impikiswano enkulu, njengoko unokucinga. Ngaba umntu ufanele ahambe aze abulale aze afe kobo bubudenge boyikekayo bemfazwe? Kwaye ngaba umntu kufuneka enze njalo kurhulumente okuphatha ngolu hlobo? Ayikaze icace kum, kwaye mhlawumbi ayizange ibe kumbhali, nokuba wayichasa yonke imfazwe. Ubhala ngendlela ebekubi ngayo ukuthatha inxaxheba. Kwakhona ubhala athi kusenokwenzeka ukuba wathelela ekubulaleni ngokungenangqiqo phantsi kwezinye iimeko. Ukanti naye, kwiminyaka kamva, uvakalisa inkxaso yakhe ukwala kuka-Ehren Watada ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimfazwe yase-Iraq. Mhlawumbi ezo, nazo, yayiziimeko nje ezingalunganga. Kodwa u-Kuromiya ubhala ukuba uyazisola ngokungazange amise ngexesha le-WWII ilungelo elisemthethweni lokwala imfazwe, kwaye akanako ukungazi ukuba yintoni isibetho esibulalayo kwiziko lemfazwe. Kwaye wayengenakukwazi ukuba wayexhathise imfazwe kuphela yeemfazwe ezingenakubalwa zase-US kwiminyaka eyi-75 edluleyo apho abantu abaninzi baya kuzama ukukhusela njengento efanelekileyo yokuziphatha.
Imemo kaKuromiya isinika umxholo. Ubalisa ukufuduka kwabazali bakhe kunye nobunzima ngaphambi kweWWII. Uthi wayehlala ephethwe yintlupheko, ngaphambi kokuba abanjwe ngoonogada kunye neengcingo. Emva kwemfazwe, uchaza ukuguqulwa kwezinto, kunye nenqwelomoya emhlophe evela kwiindawo ezihlala abantu baseJapan baseMelika abakwazi ukungena kuzo. Ukwabalisa ukwahluka kwezimvo phakathi kwamabanjwa, naphakathi koonogada. Uchaza intolongo yaseWashington State apho yena kunye nabanye abantu abangavumiyo ukuya emkhosini ngenxa yezazela bathunyelwa khona, kuquka neenkalo ezintle zayo, kuquka noonogada bentolongo ekuya kufuneka bahlale apho ixesha elide kunamabanjwa.
U-Kuromiya kunye nabachasi kunye naye baya enkundleni kwaye bagwetywa yijaji yobuhlanga, emva koko babenalo naliphi na ithemba lesigwebo esilungileyo esiye sagqitywa ngokuxolelwa kukaTruman kwabachasi bedrafti. Kamva urhulumente waseUnited States wayivuma impazamo yakhe ngokuvalela zonke ezo ntsapho. Kukho isikhumbuzo eWashington, DC, efungayo ukuba abasayi kuphinda bayenze. Kodwa urhulumente akazange avume ukuba kukho into engalunganga kwidrafti. Ngapha koko, ukuba ibingengabo abantu baseRiphabhlikhi abathanda ubulili, iiDemokhrasi ngekudala zongeze abafazi ukuba babhale ubhaliso. Kwaye urhulumente wase-US, ngokokwazi kwam, akavumanga esidlangalaleni nantoni na engalunganga malunga nokudityaniswa kokutshixa abantu kwaye bayiyile. Ngapha koko, isavumela iinkundla ukuba zinike abagwetyiweyo ukhetho lomkhosi ngaphezu kwesinye isohlwayo, bavumele abafuduki banqatshelwe ubumi ngaphandle kokuba bangene emkhosini, bavumela nabani na ukuba angakwazi ukufikelela kwimfundo ngaphandle kokuba ajoyine umkhosi ukuze afumane imali yekholeji, kwaye abantwana bakhulela kwiindawo eziyingozi kangangokuba umkhosi ukhangeleka njengokhetho olukhuselekileyo.
Ingxelo kaKuromiya yento ajongene nayo ayisiyiyo into oya kuyifunda kwisicatshulwa sembali esivunyiweyo sebhodi yesikolo. Lingqina lomntu wokuqala le nto yenzekayo ngaphandle kokunkcenkceshela ubungangamsha bobugorha be-FDR okanye ububi obuzithethelelayo bamaNazi. Kwaye iingcamango eziphazamisayo zeKuromiya azishiywanga. Uyazibuza ukuba kutheni amaJamani kunye namaTaliyane-aseMelika ayengaphathwa njengamaJapan-aseMelika. Uyaqonda ukuba urhulumente wase-US wathatha amanyathelo okungena emfazweni kunye neJapan, eshiya umfundi ukuba azibuze ukuba loo mandla okubona kwangaphambili ezinye zeepropaganda, ungakhankanyi ukukwazi ukubona abantu baseJapan njengabantu, kunokuba nefuthe kwizenzo zikaKuromiya. - kunye nokuzibuza ukuba iziphi izakhono ezifanayo ezinokuthi zithetha ukuba zibanzi.
