NguDavid Swanson, World BEYOND War, Februwari 12, 2023
UDavid Swanson ngumbhali wencwadi entsha Imfundiso kaMonroe kwi-200 kunye nento onokuyitshintsha ngayo.
Ekuvulweni kwenkulungwane yama-20, iUnited States yalwa amadabi ambalwa kuMntla Merika, kodwa angakumbi kuMzantsi nakuMbindi Merika. Ingcamango eyintsomi yokuba umkhosi omkhulu unqanda iimfazwe, kunokuba uziphembelele, uhlala ujonga emva kuTheodore Roosevelt ebanga ukuba iUnited States iya kuthetha ngokuthambileyo kodwa iphathe intonga enkulu-into leyo uSekela Mongameli uRoosevelt wayichaza njengeqhalo laseAfrika kwintetho ngo-1901. , iintsuku ezine ngaphambi kokuba uMongameli uWilliam McKinley abulawe, okwenza uRoosevelt abe ngumongameli.
Nangona kunokuba mnandi ukucinga uRoosevelt ethintela iimfazwe ngokusongela ngentonga yakhe, inyaniso kukuba wasebenzisa umkhosi wase-US ngaphezu kokubonisa nje ePanama ngo-1901, eColombia ngo-1902, eHonduras ngo-1903, eDominican Republic ngo-1903, eSiriya. ngowe-1903, eAbyssinia ngowe-1903, ePanama ngowe-1903, eDominican Republic ngowe-1904, eMorocco ngowe-1904, ePanama ngowe-1904, eKorea ngowe-1904, eCuba ngowe-1906, eHonduras ngowe-1907, neePhilippines ebudeni bobumongameli bakhe.
Ii-1920 kunye nee-1930 zikhunjulwa kwimbali yase-US njengexesha loxolo, okanye njengexesha elikruqulayo ukuba lingakhunjulwa kwaphela. Kodwa urhulumente wase-US kunye neenkampani zase-US zazidla uMbindi Merika. I-United Fruit kunye nezinye iinkampani zase-US zazifumene umhlaba wazo, oololiwe bazo, iposi kunye netelegraph kunye neenkonzo zemfonomfono, kunye nezopolitiko zabo. UEduardo Galeano wathi: “EHonduras, imeyile ixabisa ngaphezu kwesekela lakhe, yaye kuwo wonke uMbindi Merika oonozakuzaku baseUnited States bayongamela ngaphezu koomongameli.” I-United Fruit Company idale awayo amazibuko, amasiko ayo, kunye namapolisa ayo. Idola yaba yimali yendawo. Xa uqhankqalazo lwaqhambuka eColombia, amapolisa abulala abasebenzi basebhanana, njengoko izigebenga zikarhulumente ziya kwenza kwiinkampani zase-US eColombia kwiminyaka emininzi ezayo.
Ngexesha uHoover wayengumongameli, ukuba akunjalo ngaphambili, urhulumente wase-US wayebambe ngokubanzi ukuba abantu baseLatin America baqonda amagama athi "Monroe Doctrine" athetha i-Yankee impiriyali. UHoover ubhengeze ukuba iMfundiso kaMonroe ayizange ithethelele ukungenelela komkhosi. Hoover kwaye emva koko uFranklin Roosevelt barhoxisa imikhosi yase-US kuMbindi Merika de bahlala kuphela kwiNdawo yeCanal. U-FDR uthe uya kuba nomgaqo-nkqubo "wommelwane olungileyo".
Ngeminyaka yee-1950 iUnited States yayingabangi ukuba ngummelwane olungileyo, njengokuba ngumphathi wenkonzo yokhuselo-nxamnye nobukomanisi. Emva kokudala ngempumelelo ubhukuqo-mbuso eIran ngo-1953, i-US yajika yaya kwiLatin America. KwiNkomfa yeshumi yePan-America eyayiseCaracas ngowe-1954, uSosiba weLizwe uJohn Foster Dulles wayixhasa iMfundiso kaMonroe waza exoka wathi ubukomanisi beSoviet babusisisongelo eGuatemala. Kwalandela ubhukuqo-mbuso. Kwaye kwalandela ubhukuqo-mbuso olungakumbi.
Enye imfundiso eyaphuhliswa kakhulu lulawulo lukaBill Clinton ngeminyaka yoo-1990 yayiyileyo “yorhwebo olukhululekileyo” - simahla kuphela ukuba awucingi ngomonakalo wokusingqongileyo, amalungelo abasebenzi, okanye ukuzimela geqe kumaqumrhu amakhulu ezizwe ngezizwe. I-United States yayifuna, kwaye mhlawumbi isafuna, isivumelwano esikhulu sorhwebo sasimahla kuzo zonke iintlanga zaseMelika ngaphandle kweCuba kwaye mhlawumbi nezinye ezichongiweyo ukuba zingabandakanywa. Into eyayifumanayo ngo-1994 yayiyi-NAFTA, isiVumelwano soRhwebelwano esiMantla eMelika, esibophelela i-United States, iKhanada, neMexico kwimiqathango yayo. Oku kuya kulandelwa kwi-2004 yi-CAFTA-DR, i-Central America - i-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement phakathi kwe-United States, i-Costa Rica, i-Dominican Republic, i-El Salvador, i-Guatemala, i-Honduras, ne-Nicaragua, eya kulandelwa ngezinye izivumelwano ezininzi. kunye nemizamo yezivumelwano, kubandakanywa i-TPP, iNtsebenziswano ye-Trans-Pacific yezizwe ezikufutshane ne-Pacific, kubandakanywa ne-Latin America; ukuza kuthi ga ngoku i-TPP yoyisiwe kukungathandwa kwayo eMelika. UGeorge W. Bush wenze isindululo soMmandla woRhwebo oluKhululekileyo lwaseMelika kwiNgqungquthela yaMazwe aseMelika ngo-2005, waza wayibona yoyiswa yiVenezuela, iArgentina, neBrazil.
I-NAFTA kunye nabantwana bayo baye bazisa iinzuzo ezinkulu kwiinkampani ezinkulu, kuquka iinkampani zase-US ezihambisa imveliso eMexico naseMbindi Melika ekuzingeleni imivuzo ephantsi, amalungelo ambalwa omsebenzi, kunye nemigangatho ebuthathaka yokusingqongileyo. Badale amaqhina orhwebo, kodwa hayi amaqhina ezentlalo okanye ezenkcubeko.
EHonduras namhlanje, "iindawo zengqesho kunye nophuhliso loqoqosho" ezingathandwa kakhulu zigcinwa luxinzelelo lwase-US kodwa nangamaqumrhu ase-US atyhola urhulumente waseHonduran phantsi kweCAFTA. Isiphumo luhlobo olutsha lwe-filibustering okanye i-banana republic, apho amandla okugqibela aphumle kubenzi benzuzo, urhulumente wase-US ubukhulu becala kodwa ngandlel 'ithile uyakuxhasa ukuphangwa, kwaye amaxhoba awabonwa kwaye awacingelwa - okanye xa ebonakala kumda wase-US. bayatyholwa. Njengabaphumezi bemfundiso eyothusayo, amaqumrhu alawula "imimandla" yaseHonduras, ngaphandle komthetho waseHonduras, ayakwazi ukumisela imithetho efanelekileyo kwingeniso yabo-inzuzo egqithileyo kangangokuba bayakwazi ukuhlawula iitanki zokucinga ezise-US ukuba bapapashe izizathu njengedemokhrasi. koko kuchasene nedemokhrasi.
UDavid Swanson ngumbhali wencwadi entsha Imfundiso kaMonroe kwi-200 kunye nento onokuyitshintsha ngayo.
