Ukuzingisa kwePinkerism

NguDavid Swanson, World BEYOND War, Novemba 12, 2021

Ndimdala ngokwaneleyo ukuba ndikhumbule xa ungenakwenza isiganeko sokuthetha esinxulumene nemfazwe noxolo ngaphandle kokubuzwa imibuzo emininzi enengqiqo kwaye engekho ngqiqweni malunga ne-9/11 (nganye ikhatshwa liqela leeDVD kunye neeflaya ezinikezelwe kuwe njenge isityhilelo esivela phezulu). Kwakukho ixesha elide apho unokuthembela kumbuzo ongenakuthintelwa malunga "neoli ephezulu." Ndiye ndajikeleza ngokwaneleyo ukuba ndikwazi ukuba awukwazi ukuthetha nabantu abathanda uxolo ngaphandle kombuzo malunga nokudala iSebe loXolo, okanye kubantu abangenaluxolo ngaphandle kombuzo malunga neemfazwe ezilungileyo zoluntu ezichasene nabangaphandle abangenangqiqo abangakwaziyo. Ukuqiqa naye, okanye kulo naliphi na iqela e-United States nakwamanye amazwe ngaphandle kokuthi “Kuthekani ngoHitler?,” okanye nakubo nabaphi na abaphulaphuli abazikhethele bona kumsitho onxulumene noxolo ngaphandle kombuzo wokuba kutheni abanye abantu igumbi lidala ngokungafaniyo, limhlophe, kwaye liphakathi. Andikhathali kakhulu ngemibuzo eqikelelwayo. Bandivumela ukuba ndisulungekise iimpendulo zam, ndiqhelisele umonde wam, kwaye ndiyayixabisa imibuzo engalindelekanga xa befika. Kodwa, Thixo wam, ukuba abantu abayeki nge-Pinkerism engalawulekiyo ndingavele ndizikhuphe zonke iinwele zam.

Kodwa ngaba imfazwe ayipheli? USteven Pinker ukuqinisekisile oko. ”

Hayi. Akazange. Kwaye ayikwazanga. Imfazwe ayinakuvela okanye ihambe ngokwayo. Abantu kufuneka benze imfazwe yande okanye iqhubeke okanye yehle. Kwaye abakwenzi ukuba kunciphe. Kwaye oku kubalulekile, ngenxa yokuba ngaphandle kokuba siyayibona imfuneko ye-arhente yabantu yokuphelisa imfazwe, imfazwe iya kusibhangisa; kuba ngaphandle kokuba siqaphele ixesha elingenaluxolo ngokumasikizi esiphila kulo asiyi kukhathalela okanye senze egameni lamaxhoba alo; kuba ukuba sicinga ukuba imfazwe iya kumka njengoko inkcitho yasemkhosini inyuka ngokuthe chu eluphahleni, sinokucinga ukuba impi ayinamsebenzi okanye ixhasa uxolo; ngenxa yokuba ukungaliqondi ixesha eladlulayo njengolwahluke ngokusisiseko nolunogonyamelo ngakumbi kwihlabathi liphela kunokukhokelela ekuthetheleleni izenzo zokuziphatha okubi ezimele zigwetywe ukuba sifuna ukwenza ngcono; kwaye ngenxa yokuba zombini i-Pinkerism kunye ne-militarism zixhaswe buburhalarhume obufanayo - ukuba uyakholelwa ukuba abantu baseCrimea bavotela ukujoyina kwakhona iRashiya lolona lwaphulo-mthetho lunobundlobongela kule nkulungwane, uya kukholelwa ukuba imfazwe esongelayo e-China ilungile. kubantwana nezinye izinto eziphilayo (kodwa ayibalwa njengemfazwe).

Kubekho izigxeko ezinzulu zikaPinker Iingelosi ezingcono zeNdalo yethu ukususela ngosuku 1. Enye yezinto endizithandayo ekuqaleni yayisuka Edward Herman kunye noDavid Peterson. Ingqokelela yakutshanje ibizwa ngokuba Iingelosi eziMnyama zeNdalo yethu. Kodwa abantu ababuza umbuzo wePinkerism babonakala bengazange bacinge ukuba nantoni na uPinker ayibanga ithandabuzekayo konke konke, kuncinci ukunyanzelwa ngababhali-mbali abaninzi. Ndicinga ukuba oku, ngokuyinxenye, kuba u-Pinker uyindoda ehlakaniphile kunye nombhali olungileyo (unezinye iincwadi endizithandayo, ezingathandiyo, kwaye zineengcamango ezixubileyo), inxalenye kuba sonke siyazi ukuba iindlela zexesha elide zinokuthi zichasene. yento esiyicingayo (kwaye, ngokukodwa, ukuba imithombo yeendaba yase-US idala iinkolelo zobuxoki ekunyukeni kwamazinga olwaphulo-mthetho ngokuzalisa "iindaba" imiboniso ngolwaphulo-mthetho), ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokunyamezela. into ekhethekileyo idala abamfameki abathile, kwaye ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba abantu bafundiswe ukuba bakholelwe kwinkqubela phambili yongxowankulu baseNtshona ukusukela besebancinci kwaye bayakonwabela ukukholelwa kuyo.

UPinker akafumani nyani kuyo yonke incwadi yakhe engalunganga, kodwa izigqibo zakhe jikelele azilunganga okanye azingqinwanga. Ukusetyenziswa kwakhe okukhethiweyo kwezibalo, ezibhalwe ngokubanzi kwiikhonkco ezingentla, ziqhutywa zinjongo ezimbini ezihambelanayo. Enye kukwenza ixesha eladlulayo libe nogonyamelo ngokumangalisayo kunelo langoku. Enye yeyokwenza inkcubeko engeyoyaseNtshona ibe nobundlobongela obumangalisayo kuneyaseNtshona. Ngoko, ubundlobongela bama-Aztec busekelwe kuncinci ngaphezu kweefilimu zaseHollywood, ngelixa ubundlobongela bePentagon busekelwe kwidatha evunyiweyo yiPentagon. Isiphumo sisivumelwano Pinker kunye US fantasy academic ukuba ukuxhelwa ngobuninzi kule minyaka ingama-75 idlulileyo yenza ixesha elikhulu loxolo. Enyanisweni, ukufa okungazange kubonwe emfazweni, ukwenzakala, ukwenzakala, ukutshatyalaliswa, nokungabi namakhaya okubangelwe yimfazwe kule nkulungwane yama-20 kuye kwadlulela kwinkulungwane yama-21.

Indlela yokubonakalisa umonakalo weemfazwe kuxhomekeke ekubeni ukhetha ukubandakanya ukufa okungekho kwangoko (kamva ukuzibulala kunye nokufa ngenxa yokulimala kunye nokuswela kunye nokungcoliswa kwendalo ngenxa yeemfazwe), nokuba ngaba ukhetha ukubandakanya ukufa kunye nokubandezeleka okunokuthi kuthintelwe ubuncwane obachithwa kwiimfazwe. Nokuba uzimisele ukuhamba nezona zifundo zithembekileyo ngokufa kwangoko, luqikelelo kuphela; kwaye unethamsanqa ukuba unokufumana uqikelelo oluthembekileyo ekubulaweni kwemfazwe kwangoko. Kodwa sinokuqiniseka ngokwaneleyo ukuba sazi ukuba umzobo kaPinker wokuvela komphunga yimbudane ngokwawo.

Ndicinga ukuba kubalulekile kuthi ukuba sithathele ingqalelo ukufa kunye nokubandezeleka okubangelwa zisohlwayo kunye nokungabikho kokusesikweni kwezoqoqosho kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kokusingqongileyo, nokuba ngaba u-Pinker wenza okanye akunjalo, kwaye ingaba sibhala izinto ezinjalo "bubundlobongela." Iziko lemfazwe lenza umonakalo omkhulu kuneemfazwe nje. Ndikwacinga ukuba yinto ephambeneyo ukuba ungayicingi umngcipheko ukhula rhoqo ye-apocalypse yenyukliya ebingayi kubakho ngaphandle kwemfazwe kunye nayo yonke "inkqubela" eyenziweyo malunga nendlela eqhutywa kwaye isoyikiswa ngayo.

Kodwa ubukhulu becala ndicinga ukuba kufuneka siqonde ukuba ilizwe elinoxolo kunye nokungabikho kobundlobongela uPinker azicingela kulo enyanisweni yi-100% enokwenzeka. ukuba kwaye kuphela ukuba siyayisebenzela.