nguSarah Lazaro, Ngale maxesha, Juni 4, 2022
Ukuphendula ngoMeyi 24 Kwadutyulwa abantu abaninzi kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi iRobb eUvalde, eTexas 19 abantwana kunye nabantu abadala ababini ababhubhileyo, uMongameli uBiden wacela ukuba kuphenduleke."Njengesizwe, kufuneka sibuze,'Xa sisegameni likaThixo siya kuma kwindawo yokwamkela umpu?” watsho ngoLwesibini."Xa egameni likaThixo sisenza into esiyaziyo sonke emathunjini ethu ukuba yenziwe?”
Nangona kunjalo, umnxeba wakhe umi kuxinzelelo kunye nendima yase-US ekuthengeni izixhobo zehlabathi. Umkhosi ojongwa nguBiden uxhomekeke kumzi mveliso wezixhobo odibana neshishini lemipu yasekhaya kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, la mashishini ayafana - inyani ibekwe ngendlela eyoyikekayo e-Uvalde.
UDaniel Defense Inc. yinkampani esekwe eGeorgia eyenza iDDM4 Umbayimbayi osetyenziswa nguSalvador Ramos ukwenza udubulo olukhulu eRobb Elementary. Ebutsheni balo nyaka, le nkampani yenza isivumelwano sokuya kuthi ga kwi-$9.1 izigidi kunye nePentagon. I ukujongana yabhengezwa ngoMatshi 23 kwimveliso ye 11.5"Kunye 14.5"Imigqomo ebandayo eyenziwe ngehamile yeQela loMamkeli oPhezulu-Iphuculwe." Le mveliso ibhekisa kwi imiphanda ezisetyenziselwa imipu. I-receiver ephezulu yinto equlethe ibholithi, kulapho kuhlala khona ikhatriji yompu.
Inkampani ifumene ngaphezulu 100 izivumelwano federal, kunye neemali-mboleko ezimbalwa, uphendlo ngokusebenzisa a umkhondo wenkcitho karhulumente imiboniso. Njenge ENew York Times phawula UCanzibe 26, oku kubandakanya imali-mboleko yeNkqubo yoKhuseleko lwePaycheck yexesha lobhubhane ye $3.1 million. Iikhontrakthi zibuyela emva ubuncinane 2008, xa i-tracker yenkcitho karhulumente yenziwa, kwaye ininzi yenziwa kunye neSebe lezoKhuselo, kodwa abanye kunye neSebe lezoBulungisa (i-US Marshall Service), uKhuseleko lweLizwe, iLizwe kunye neNdawo.
UDaniel Defense uyazingca ngokwenza imipu yohlaselo, kuquka leyo isetyenziswa ngabantu. IKHAMPANI iyazibiza "olona phawu lwaziwayo kwihlabathi lemipu, elibandakanya eyona AR igqwesileyo kwihlabathi.15-imipu, imipu, imipu yebholiti, kunye nezixhobo zabahlali, abezomthetho kunye nabathengi basemkhosini. "
Ezi ntlobo zezixhobo zeDemokhrasi ezixhalabileyo malunga nokwanda kwezibhamu zokubetha zithi zifuna ukuzilawula.
USen. Chuck Schumer (D-NY) kutshanje wanika ukukhanya okuluhlaza Iidemokhrasi zinyanzelisa umthetho we-bipartisan wompu emva kwekhefu loSuku lweSikhumbuzo, emva kokubetha umbutho weRiphabhlikhi ngolwesiThathu ngenxa yawo."ukuzithoba kwi-NRA. "
Kodwa izisombululo ezibonelelwa ngabapolitiki beDemokhrasi zikholisa ukugxila kubathengi - ukujonga ngasemva, uluhlu olungathengwayo kunye nezohlwayo zolwaphulo-mthetho ezongeziweyo - kunokuba kubenzi bezixhobo, nangona ilishishini lemipu elinamandla, livelisa iingalo ezibulalayo kwaye uyazuza ngokuthengisa kwawo.
Ngenxa yokudubula eTexas, abanye abaphembeleli bemfazwe babuza ukuba ngaba urhulumente wase-US ukuzibandakanya kwishishini lezixhobo zehlabathi kuyachaphazela ukuvuma kwezopolitiko ukulandela abavelisi basekhaya.
Njengoko u-Erik Sperling, umlawuli olawulayo we-Just Foreign Policy, umbutho ochasene nemfazwe, wayibeka Ngale maxesha,"Kunzima ukuba nombono wendlela ubani anokuyiphelisa ngayo impembelelo yezopolitiko kushishino lwemipu ngelixa kwangaxeshanye egcina umgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle okhuthaza inzuzo namandla abo.”
I-United States likhaya kwishishini lezixhobo likhulu emhlabeni, kunye bonke abahlanu abaphezulu Iinkampani zezixhobo zehlabathi ezizinze elizweni, kwaye ezi nkampani ziqhayisa a umkhosi omncinci yeelobbyists eWashington.
"Umzi-mveliso wemipu kunye neekontraka ezinkulu ezinjengoLockheed Martin ezilawula urhwebo lwehlabathi zahlukene ngandlel’ ithile,” ucacisa watsho uQuincy Institute osebenza naye uWilliam Hartung. Kodwa, njengoko kunjalo ngoDaniel Defense, ezinye iinkampani zenza ishishini kwihlabathi liphela nasekhaya.
Kwaye kukho imiqondiso yokuba ukuthembela ngamandla komkhosi wase-US kwishishini lezixhobo, kwixesha elidlulileyo, kwadlala indima ekukhuseleni imilinganiselo ejolise kwishishini lemipu yasekhaya. Kwi 2005, INkongolo elawulwa yiRiphabhlikhi yanika uloyiso olukhulu kushishino lwemipu xa idlula UMthetho woKhuselo loRhwebo olusemthethweni kwiArms Act ekhusela abenzi bemipu kunye nabathengisi phantse kuwo onke amatyala angamatyala. Umthetho, owawusayinwe nguMongameli uGeorge W. Bush, wawuxhaswa ngenkuthalo lishishini lemipu.
ISebe lezoKhuselo likwaxhase ngokugqithisileyo umlinganiselo ngelo xesha, ukuphikisana kwiNdlu yeeNgwevu ukuba umthetho"iya kunceda ukukhusela ukhuseleko lwelizwe lethu ngokunciphisa amatyala angeyomfuneko kwishishini elidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuhlangabezaneni neemfuno zokuthengwa kwamadoda nabafazi bethu abanxibe iyunifomu.” Ngoku ka ingxelo isuka e ENew York Times, le nkxaso evela kwiPentagon inike i"nyusa” kumlinganiselo.
Lo mthetho usasebenza nanamhla, kwaye udlala indima enkulu ekukhuseleni abavelisi bemipu - kunye nabathengisi kunye nemibutho yorhwebo - kwiziphumo zeendlela zabo zokuthengisa. Ngokungafaniyo nemizi-mveliso yecuba neyeemoto, apho amatyala aye anceda ekuphuculeni ukhuseleko, ishishini lemipu alinakuchukunyiswa kumatyala amaninzi. Ngoku ka umbutho obambeleneyo woMntu woLuntu,"Akuzange kube ngaphambili okanye ukusukela oko iCongress inike umzi wonke wokungakhuseleki kumatyala oluntu. ”
Le ntsebenziswano ihamba ngeendlela zombini. Umbutho weSizwe weMipu, nongumbutho okhuthazayo kunye nokuphembelela ishishini lemipu, ukwaxhase iinzame zokubuyisela umva ukhuseleko lwabemi kwihlabathi liphela. NgoMeyi 2019, i-NRA's Institute for Legislative Action (ILA) ibhiyozele umongameli welo xesha uDonald Trump."ukungatyobelwa” kweSivumelwano soRhwebo lwezixhobo zeZizwe eziManyeneyo, esabhengezwa nguTrump kwindibano yonyaka ye-NRA. (I-United States yayisayine isivumelwano 2013 kodwa zange ndiyivume.)
Esi sivumelwano, ebesisebenza ukusukela ngoko 2014, yayiyinzame yokuqala yehlabathi yokulawula urhwebo lwezixhobo lwamazwe ngamazwe, ukususela kwimipu ukuya kwiinqwelo-moya zokulwa ukuya kwiinqanawa zemfazwe, yaye bekufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuba izixhobo azipheli ezandleni zabaxhaphazi amalungelo okanye kwiindawo ezinongquzulwano oluqatha, nangona iye yaqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo azipheli ezandleni zabaxhaphazi bamalungelo okanye kwiindawo ezinongquzulwano oluqatha, nangona oko kuye kwabangela ukuba kubekho imfazwe. akukho ndlela yonyanzeliso. Abagxeki ngelo xesha balumkisa ngelithi ukungasayinwa kwesi sivumelwano kuya kubeka abantu abaninzi emngciphekweni.
NgokukaHartung, inkcaso ye-NRA kwesi sivumelwano iqale phambi kokuba kubekho isivumelwano."Ukubuyela yonke indlela ukuya 2001, i-UN ibisebenza ekulawuleni izixhobo ezincinci, kuba bezizibaso kwezona ingxwabangxwaba ezibi kakhulu emhlabeni eziye zabona amaxhoba amaninzi,” utshilo. Ngale maxesha."Ngothotho lweentlanganiso ze-UN apho baqala khona inkqubo eya kukhokelela kwisivumelwano sezixhobo, uya kuba nabameli be-NRA abahamba ngeeholo kunye nabameli beenkampani zemipu zizama ukwenza ityala lokurhoxiswa. "
"Ingxoxo yabo yayikukuba ukulawula imipu kwihlabathi jikelele kusongela ubunini bemipu ekhaya,” ucacise watsho uHartung."Kwaye iinkampani ezininzi ngabathengisi behlabathi, ke zifuna ukuyigcina ingalawulwa kangangoko. ”
I-ILA ye-NRA ibonakale ukuqinisekisa Ingxelo kaHartung xa yayivuyisa iTrump 2019 ukutyikitya iSivumelwano soRhwebo lwezixhobo ze-UN, evakalisa ukuba woyisiwe"owona mzamo ubanzi wokulawula imipu kumazwe ngamazwe. " Ngokucacileyo, uMongameli uBiden akakayibuyiseli i-United States kwisivumelwano, nangona oku kuya kuba yinto elula, ulawulo isenzo esingayi kufuna iCongress.
Iidemokhrasi ezikhokelayo, ngaphezu koko, azikhange ziqaqambise ukwanda kweengalo zehlabathi kwezinye iinkampani, ezinje ngoDaniel Defense, ezivelisa imipu yokuthengisa ekhaya.
Abanye abagxeki baphikisa ngelithi abezopolitiko abanakufuna ngokufanelekileyo ukuba bathintele impembelelo yompu ngaphakathi ngelixa bexhasa ukwanda kwezixhobo phesheya, kuba ishishini - kunye nobundlobongela obunxulumene nalo - lugubungela omabini amacandelo.
UKhury Petersen-Smith, uMichael Ratner Middle East Fellow kwiZiko leZifundo zoMgaqo-nkqubo, itanki yokucinga esekhohlo, uxelele Ngale maxesha,"I-US yenza kwaye ithengise izixhobo ezininzi kunalo naliphi na elinye ilizwe. Ityala imali ekuphuhliseni ezona zixhobo ziyingozi ehlabathini, ngokuzisebenzisa ekuxhobiseni umkhosi wayo, amapolisa ayo namahlakani ayo, yaye yenza ezo zixhobo zifumaneke ngokugqithisileyo kubemi bayo. Leyo yimeko apho lo mntu uselula wafikelela kuzo ezi zixhobo, yaye izinto ezimanyumnyezi ezinjengale ndyikityha yokufa ziyinxalenye yaloo mmandla mnye.”
U-Paige Oamek ufake isandla kuphando kweli nqaku.
USARAH LAZARE ngumhleli wewebhu kunye nentatheli Ngale maxesha. U-tweets ku @sarahlazare.
