Utshutshiso oluqhubekayo nolungenakuthetheleleka lukaJulian Assange

Ngu-Andy Worthington, ngoSeptemba 10, 2020

ukusuka Ukuxhatshazwa Okudumile

Umzabalazo obaluleke kakhulu wenkululeko yamaphephandaba uyaqhubeka e-Old Bailey eLondon, apho, ngoMvulo, iiveki ezintathu zokumanyelwa kwetyala zaqala ngokubhekisele kulwabiwo oluya e-US lukaJulian Assange, umseki weWikiLeaks. Ngo-2010 nango-2011, iWikiLeaks yapapasha amaxwebhu avunjululwe lilungu lomkhosi wase-US-UBradley, ngoku ongu-Chelsea Manning-oveziweyo ubungqina bemfazwe Ezenziwe yi-US kwaye, kwimeko yendawo yam yobungcali, iGuantánamo.

Ukutyhilwa kweGuantánamo kwakuqulethwe kwiifayile zomkhosi ezichaziweyo ezinxulumene phantse nawo onke amadoda angama-779 awayegcinwe entolongweni ngumkhosi wase-US ukusukela oko yavula ngoJanuwari 2002, eyathi, okwesihlandlo sokuqala, yabonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba ubungqina obungenakuthenjwa kangakanani malunga namabanjwa , uninzi lwayo lwenziwe ngamabanjwa awayethethe izinto ezininzi ezingeyonyani ngokuchasene namanye amabanjwa. Ndisebenze neWikiLeaks njengeqabane leendaba ukukhutshwa kweefayile zeGuantánamo, kwaye isishwankathelo sokubaluleka kweefayile sinokukufumana kwinqaku endilibhalileyo xa babepapasha okokuqala benesihloko esithi, I-WikiLeaks ityhila iifayile ezifihlakeleyo zeGuantánamo, ibhengeza umGaqo-nkqubo wokuBanjwa njengoKwakhiwa kwamaxoki.

Kuya kufuneka ndongeze ngelithi ndingomnye wamangqina okhuselo, kwaye ndiza kuvela enkundleni ngamanye amaxesha kwezi veki zimbalwa zizokuxoxa ngokubaluleka kweefayile zaseGuantánamo. Bona le posi ngu-Kevin Gosztola we Shadowproof odwelisa abo bathatha inxaxheba, abaquka uNjingalwazi Noam Chomsky, Jameel Jaffer, umlawuli olawulayo we Knight First Amendment Institute e-Columbia University, oonondaba uJohn Goetz, Jakob Augstein, Emily Dische-Becker noSami Ben Garbia, amagqwetha uEric U-Lewis noBarry Pollack, kunye noGqirha Sondra Crosby, ugqirha ovavanye u-Assange ngelixa wayekwindlu yozakuzo yase-Ecuador, apho ahlala khona phantse iminyaka esixhenxe emva kokubanga indawo yokhuseleko e-2012.

Ityala lokhuselo (jonga Apha kwaye Apha) kunye netyala lomtshutshisi (jonga Apha) zenziwe zafumaneka nge Iibhlorho zenkululeko yamajelo eendaba, ethi "isebenze ukufundisa uluntu kunye nabachaphazelekayo ababalulekileyo malunga nesoyikiso kwinkululeko yamajelo kuyo yonke indawo yokunika ingxelo yedijithali," kwaye umbutho wenza ingxelo efumanekayo yamangqina kanye naxa amangqina evela-ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, unjingalwazi wase-US wosasazo lobuntatheli. UMark Feldstein (jonga Apha kwaye Apha), igqwetha uClive Stafford Smith, umseki weReprieve (jonga Apha), UPaul Rogers, unjingalwazi wezifundo zoxolo kwiYunivesithi yaseBradford (yabona Apha), kunye noTrevor Timm wenkululeko yeCandelo leendaba (jonga Apha).

Ngaphandle kwayo yonke le nto-kunye neeveki zobungqina bobuchwephesha obuzayo-inyani engenakuphikiswa kukuba ezi ngxoxo akufuneki zenzeke kwaphela. Ekwenzeni ukuba afumaneke esidlangalaleni amaxwebhu avunjululwe nguManning, iWikiLeaks yayisebenza njengompapashi, kwaye, ngelixa oorhulumente ngokucacileyo bengabuthandi ubungqina obupapashiweyo malunga neemfihlo zabo nolwaphulo-mthetho, enye yezinto ezichazayo umahluko phakathi koluntu ekuthiwa lukhululekile kunye nozwilakhe kukuba , kuluntu olukhululekileyo, abo bapapasha amaxwebhu avuzayo abagxeka oorhulumente babo abohlwaywa ngeendlela ezisemthethweni zokwenza njalo. E-US, isiHlomelo sokuQala kuMgaqo-siseko wase-US, oqinisekisa intetho yasimahla, yenzelwe ukuthintela okwenzekayo ngoku kwimeko kaJulian Assange.

Ukongeza, ekupapashweni kwamaxwebhu avunjululwe nguManning, Assange kunye neWikiLeaks zazingasebenzi zodwa; Endaweni yoko, basebenze ngokusondeleyo namaphepha-ndaba ahloniphekileyo, ukuze, ukuba ityala belinokwenziwa ukuba i-Assange kunye ne-WikiLeaks babandakanyeka kulwaphulo mthetho, nabapapashi nabahleli ENew York Times, i Washington Post, i Guardian nawo onke amanye amaphepha-ndaba kwihlabathi jikelele asebenze no-Assange ekukhutshweni kwala maxwebhu, njengoko ndachazayo xa u-Assange wabanjwa okokuqala wabekwa ityala kunyaka ophelileyo, kumanqaku athi, Khusela uJulian Assange kunye neWikiLeaks: Inkululeko yeendaba yeXhomekeke kuyo kwaye Misa i-Extradition: Ukuba uJulian Assange unetyala le-Espionage, kunjalo ke nakwiNew York Times, i-Guardian kunye nezinye iiMithombo zeendaba ezininzi, kwaye, ngoFebruwari walo nyaka, kwinqaku elinesihloko, Ifowuni yamajelo eendaba aKhulu ukuKhusela iNkululeko yezeNdaba kunye nokuThintela ukuPhakanyiswa okuCetywayo kukaJulian Assange e-US.

Isiseko se-US sokutshutshisa u-Assange nguMthetho we-Espionage we-1917, ogxekwe ngokubanzi. Ingxelo kwi2015 liZiko laseMelika lasePEN elifunyenwe, njenge Wikipedia ucacisile, ukuba “phantse bonke abameli bangengabo abaseburhulumenteni abathe benza udliwanondlebe nabo, kubandakanya amatshantliziyo, amagqwetha, oonondaba kunye nababetha impempe, 'bacinga ukuba umthetho we-Espionage usetyenziswe ngendlela engafanelekanga kumatyala avuzayo anento yokwenza noluntu.'" Njengoko i-PEN icacisile, " iingcali ziyichaze 'njengesixhobo esingenantlonelo,' 'esinobundlongondlongo, esibanzi nesicinezelayo,' 'isixhobo sokugrogrisa,' 'ukupholisa ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo,' kunye 'nesithuthi esihlwempuzekileyo sokutshutshisa abo bavuzayo nababetha impempe.' ”

UMongameli u-Obama wayeqwalasele ukufuna ukubuyiselwa kuka-Julian Assange, kodwa wagqiba ngokuchanekileyo ukuba ukwenza oko kuya kuba kukuhlaselwa okungazange kwabonwa ngaphambili kwaye kungamkeleki kwinkululeko yeendaba. Njengoko uCharlie Savage echaze kwifayile ye- ENew York Times xa uAsange wagwetywa, ulawulo luka-Obama "lwalulinganisa ukuhlawulisa uMnu. Assange, kodwa walikhaba elo nyathelo kuba esoyika ukuba liza kupholisa ubuntatheli obunophando kwaye linokuchaswa ngokungahambisani nomgaqo-siseko."

UDonald Trump kunye nabaphathi bakhe, nangona kunjalo, babengenazo izoyikiso ezinjalo, kwaye xa bathatha isigqibo sokuqhubeka nesicelo sokuthatha u-Assange, urhulumente wase-Bhritane wavumela indelelo yakhe kumsunguli we-WikiLeaks ukuba abambe ngaphezulu obekufanele ukuba kukuzikhusela kwinkululeko yemithombo yeendaba. ukupapasha izinto ezinomdla oqhelekileyo, kodwa oorhulumente bangafuni kupapashwa, njengenxalenye yokusebenza okuyimfuneko koluntu oluqonda isidingo sokutshekishwa kunye nezilinganisi ngamandla apheleleyo, apho abeendaba banakho, kwaye kufuneka badlale indima enkulu .

Ngaphandle kohlaselo olucacileyo lwenkululeko yemithombo yeendaba emelwe lityala lika-Assange, urhulumente wase-US-kwaye, mhlawumbi, abaxhasi bakhe kurhulumente wase-Bhritane- benza ngathi eli tyala liyinto yolwaphulo-mthetho kwicala lika-Assange ekufumaneni ulwazi yapapashwa kamva, kunye nokungakhathaleli ukhuseleko lwabantu kwiifayile ezinamagama atyhiliweyo.

Eyokuqala kwezi zityholo, engatywinwanga ngomhla wokubanjwa kuka-Assange (nge-11 ka-Epreli kunyaka ophelileyo), watyhola ukuba wayezamile ukunceda uManning ukuba angene kwiikhompyuter zikarhulumente ukunqanda ukubonwa, ityala elinesigwebo seminyaka emihlanu. Ngokwenyani ibandakanyiwe kwityala likaManning.

Nangona kunjalo, izityholo zobugqwirha ezili-17 zazigubungela ummandla omtsha, “ugxile,” njengoko uCharlie Savage eyichazile, “kwiifayile ezimbalwa ezinamagama abantu ababenike ulwazi e-United States kwiindawo eziyingozi ezinjengeemfazwe zase-Afghanistan nase-Iraq. , namazwe angoozwilakhe afana neTshayina, i-Iran neSiriya. ”

Njengokuba uSavage esongeze, "Ubungqina obubekwe kwityala lika Mnu. Assange buxhotyisiwe kulwazi olunikezwe ngabatshutshisi bezomkhosi kwityala lika-2013 likaMnumzana Manning. Abatshutshisi kwityala lakhe bakwatyhola ngelithi isenzo sakhe sibeka emngciphekweni abantu abachazwe amagama abo kumaxwebhu xa epapashwa nguMnu Assange, nangona bengenabungqina bokuba kubulewe umntu ngenxa yoko. ”

Inqaku lokugqibela kufanele ukuba libaluleke kakhulu, kodwa uSavage uqaphele ukuba igosa leSebe lezoBulungisa "alivumi ukutsho ukuba bukhona na obo bungqina, kodwa lagxininisa ukuba abatshutshisi kuyakufuneka babonakalise enkundleni oko bakuthethayo kwityala. beka abantu engozini. ”

Ukuba utyeshelwe kwaye watshutshiswa ngempumelelo, u-Assange ujongene nesigwebo seminyaka eli-175, esindibetha njengobugwenxa ngokugqithileyo ngokuba "ndibeke abantu engozini," kodwa ke yonke into ngeli tyala igqithile, hayi ngendlela urhulumente wase-US aziva enelungelo ngayo tshintsha imigaqo nanini na ifuna.

NgoJuni, umzekelo, i-US yalilahla ityala elalikho yaza yangenisa entsha, ibango elongezelelekileyo lokuba u-Assange uzame ukufumana abanye abahlaseli - ngokungathi ukuhambisa isimangalo esinjengalesi yayiziphethe kakuhle, kodwa iyenye into.

Njengokuba ukuxoxwa kwetyala lokumangalelwa kwakuqala ngoMvulo, uMark Summers QC, elinye lamagqwetha ka-Assange, wabiza ukuhanjiswa kwesimangalo esithi "yinto engaqhelekanga, engenabulungisa kwaye enetyala lokudala ukungabikho kobulungisa." Njenge Guardian Icacisile, i-Summers yathi izinto ezongeziweyo "zazivele ngokungathi ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka," kwaye ziveze izityholo zolwaphulo-mthetho ezizibanga ngokwazo zisenokuba zizizathu ezahlukeneyo zokubanjwa, ezifana nokuba idatha kwiibhanki, ukufumana ulwazi malunga nokulandela umkhondo wezithuthi zamapolisa. , kwaye kuthiwa 'ndincedisa impempe [uEdward Snowden] eHong Kong.' ”

Njengokuba i-Summers iqhubeka ichaza, "Esi sisicelo esitsha sokubuya," utshilo, "esenziwe ngokufutshane ngexesha apho u-Assange 'ethintelwe' ekuthetheni namagqwetha akhe." Uye wathi u-Assange kunye namagqwetha akhe bakholelwa ukuba izinto ezongeziweyo zaziswa kunye nesenzo sokuphelelwa lithemba, kuba "i-US ibonile ukomelela kwetyala lezokhuseleko kwaye bacinga ukuba bazakuphulukana." Ucele iJaji uVanessa Baraitser ukuba 'asuse' okanye asikhabe isimangalo esongezelelekileyo samatyala aseMelika, ”kwaye wazama nokulibazisa ukuxoxwa kwetyala lokumiswa, kodwa iJaji Baraitser wala.

Kuhleli ukuba kubonwe ukuba, njengoko ityala liqhubeka, abo bakhusela u-Assange banokukwazi ukweyisela ijaji ukuba isikhabe isicelo sokukhutshwa kwelizwe laseMelika. Kubonakala ngathi akunakulindeleka, kodwa eyona nto iphambili kwisivumelwano sokuthimba ukuba ayifanelanga ukuba yeyamatyala opolitiko, nangona urhulumente wase-US ebonakala ngathi ubanga oko, ngakumbi ngokusetyenziswa koMthetho we-Espionage. Njengoko elinye lamagqwetha ka-Assange, u-Edward Fitzgerald QC, echazayo, kwingxoxo yezomthetho, awayibhalayo, ukutshutshiswa kuka-Assange "kulandelwa iinjongo zezopolitiko ezingekhoyo kwaye kungekuko ngokuthembeka".

Njengokuba eqhubeka echaza “Isicelo [sase-US] sifuna ukugqithiselwa kwinto eqhelekileyo 'yezopolitiko.' Ukongezwa kwelinye ityala lezopolitiko akuvumelekanga ngokucacileyo kwinqaku le-4 (1) lesivumelwano se-Anglo-US. Yiyo ke loo nto, kusetyenziswa kakubi inkqubo yale nkundla yokunyanzela le nkundla ukuba iphinde ibuyisele abantu kwisivumelwano saseNgilani ne-US esaphula imigaqo yesivumelwano. ”

Andy Worthington yintatheli yophando ezizimeleyo, itshantliziyo, umbhali, mfa nekiso, umenzi wefilimu kunye imvumi-umbhali wengoma (Imvumi ephambili kunye nombhali wengoma ophambili weqela laseLondon Ootata abane, umculo wakhe ngowuphi iyafumaneka ngeBandcamp).