I-NYT kaDavid Sanger, Umfana Okhalela "i-Nukes"!

Ukususela kwii-1990s zokuqala zase-US nabezindaba Ihlala ichaza urhulumente wase North Korea "njengorhulumente ophetheyo nozimeleyo osongelayo ngokuhlasela ilizwe ngokuhlaselwa yinyukliya," ngamazwi ngumbhali-mbali wase Melika u Bruce Cumings (North Korea: Elinye ilizwe, 2003). Ukusongela. Umhlaba. I-US inabemi be-13 iphindwe kabini ubungakanani be-North Korea's; uhlahlo-lwabiwo-mali lwamaxesha akhuselekileyo lwe-156-kwi-2016); amakhulu eziseko zomkhosi kwiMpuma yeAsia; iziseko zomkhosi eziphathwayo ezibizwa ngokuba "ngabaphathi beenqwelo moya" (North Korea ine-zero); liphindwe kalikhulu iziphoso zenyukliya; amashumi amawaka emikhosi yase-US e-South Korea nase Japan, kunye noomatshini abahamba phantsi komhlaba baxhotyiswe ngezixhobo zempi ezinokufihla kunxweme lwePeninsula yaseKorea. Kodwa iintatheli ezinjengoDavid Sanger we "yenkululeko" ENew York Times bayakwazi ukukholisa abafundileyo, abakumabanga aphakathi baseMelika ukuba ilizwe lisisongele, endaweni yenye indlela ejikeleze ilizwe.

Eli klasi lithembekileyo lithenga ukubalisa ukuba i-US inendaba-ukuya-kancinci-Ekhohlo-eendaba ebonelela ngokuchaseneyo kwiLungelo. Njengoko uMongameli uTrump exoka malunga "neendaba ezingezizo" kwaye evakalisa ngokukhululekileyo ukuba ingxaki yaseNyakatho Korea isonjululwe kuba wayehleli naye uKim Jong-un kanye, inkululeko smugNgokwenene, bagqiba kwelokuba imithombo yeendaba "yenkululeko" ilungile kwaye iTrump ingxaki, ngelixa bobabini bobabini benjalo. Zombini ziyaxoka.

Ngapha koko, yonke imbonakalo yendlela ephambili eendaba uqubisane ngokufanelekileyo noTrump ukuze axhase intsomi yokutshutshiswa okukufuphi yingozi yaseNorth Korea eyayilawulwa yinja. Umzekelo ophambili ngoku Sangerinqaku elingu "eNyakatho Korea, iiMbasa eziPhosakeleyo zicebisa ubuqhetseba obukhulu" (12 Novemba 2018) kwi ENew York Times. Inguqulelo yesiNgesi ka I-Hankyoreh, Iphephandaba eliqhubela phambili eMzantsi Korea, lalibhala inqaku elaligxeka uSanger esithi, “Ingxelo ye-NYT malunga neN.Korea 'Inkohliso Enkulu' Egcwele Imingxunya Neempazamo,” kodwa kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba zingaphi izihlandlo ayiprintileyo iNorth Korea, kuyacaca Ixesha lokuzibiza ezi mpazamo “bubuxoki obucacileyo.” ENew York TimesAbafundi mabaqaphele ukuba urhulumente waseMzantsi Korea kunye nochwephesha waseKorea u-Tim Shorrock sele bebonisile ukuba akukho zityhilo zibalulekileyo kwinqaku likaSanger okanye kuphando lwentelekelelo lwangoko wayegqithisile kwaye wakhulisa. (Jonga umfanekiso kaShorrock "Indlela I-New York Times Ibufumane Ngayo Uluntu kwiNorth Korea," Wesizwe, 16 Novemba 2018).

Sanger konakele kwiNorth Korea ngaphezulu nangaphaya kweminyaka ye-25. Le ntatheli ephumelele amabhaso uPulitzer, ogama lakhe lesidlaliso elithi "Scoop" ngokucacileyo alinanto yakwenza neNorth Korea, ebengumntu ophambili ekuchaseni ubuxoki base-Washington. Ngexesha elithile, emva "kweempazamo" ezininzi zikhokelela kutoliko olungeyonyani lweziganeko, kunye nokuthula okuninzi okuthandekayo kunye nokugqithisa, kwaye kungekho mzamo wokulungisa ukutolika, umntu kufuneka agqibe kwelokuba le ndoda iyaxoka. Njengokuba kuthathelwa ingqalelo uqoqosho lwase-Oriental kunye noloyiko olunzulu ngalo naluphi na uhlobo lobusoshiyali e-US, iintatheli ezinje nge-Sanger ezoyika i-North Korea kwaye ziluxhasa ngogonyamelo abantu baseNyakatho Korea ngalo lonke ixesha kuvela ithuba. Iimpawu ziluchaza kakuhle ucalucalulo noloyiko e-US:

"Kwi-Cold War bipolarity thina silungile, iinjongo zethu zicocekile, senza kakuhle kwaye soze senzakalise, baliqela elinentiyo, ulwaphulo-mthetho xa kungekuphela nje iKhomanisi, engabonakaliyo (okanye nkqu nabaphambukeli kunye namaMartian kwiimuvi ze1950), grotesque, insane , enokubakho nantoni na. Singabantu kwaye sinesidima kwaye sivulekile; Zingabobantu, ziyimfihlakalo, zabekwa zodwa Abanye ngaphandle kwamalungelo okuzihlonipha. Singahlala sonwabile ekhaya ukuba utshaba belunokwenza into elungileyo luphinde luphume, lutshabalale, luzilungiselele. Kodwa utshaba lunqabile, luyaqhubeka, luhlala lukhona kwimpembelelo yalo yobudala (ngehlobo le-2009, usuku nosuku ngaphandle, i-CNN yahambisa iindaba malunga neNyakatho phantsi kwesihloko esithi 'iNorth Korea Tshutshiso'). Emva kweminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe yokujongana, imifanekiso eqatha yaseMelika eseNyakatho Korea isenophawu lwenqaku lokuzalwa "Imfazwe yaseKorea: Imbali, 2011).

Ngovuyo ukwamkela lo mbhodamo ekuqaleni kwe-1990s, uSanger uthathe inkokheli ekuboniseni urhulumente waseNyakatho Korea ngaphandle kolawulo kunye ne-North Korea eyayisakuba yintloko-ntle yelizwe uKim Jong-il (1941-2011) njengephambeneyo kwaye ibeka urhulumente ecaleni Ubhalwe phantsi, "Njengokuba urhulumente weStalinist kaKim Il Sung eqhutywa ekoneni, uqoqosho lwawo luwohloka nabantu bayo baphelelwe kukutya," kuyaxoxwa ukuba "ingaba ilizwe liza kutshintsha na ngoxolo okanye liphume nje njengoko linjalo? Kwake kwenziwa ngaphambili ”(North Korea: Elinye ilizwe). Akukho meko yenzekayo. Kwaye njengoko ehlala esenza, wacaphula umlozi ukuze avakalise ezakhe izimvo-iqhinga elamvumela ukuba ahlawule uxanduva. Amagama a ENew York TimesIntatheli yobudala bakhe izenzo ezichaphazela ilizwe lokwenyani.

"Gqabhuka"? Urhulumente wokuqala wamaKomanisi waseNyakatho Korea UKim Il Sung Zange “baphume” xa bahlasela urhulumente we-US owayengugxeki u-USngng Rhee. INorth Korea yi, ngamazwi athi, "lilizwe elichasene nolawulo lwe-anti-imperial olukhula kwisiqingatha senkulungwane yolawulo lwamathanga aseJapan kunye nesiqingatha senkulungwane sokuqubisana ngokuqhubekayo ne-United States ye-hegemonic kunye ne-South Korea enamandla".North Korea: Elinye ilizwe). Ngexesha le RheeUkunyuka, urhulumente waseNyakatho Korea wayenamajoni omkhosi ngelo xesha awayeneenkumbulo ezintsha ngawo unogada ukulwa ngokuchasene nobukhosi obunobukhosi baseJapan. Syngman Rhee wayechasene kakhulu nobuKomanisi. Kwaye abaphethe amandla kurhulumente wakhe omtsha-urhulumente oqondwe ngokubanzi njengongenamthetho kunye nengqondo ye-US-uninzi lwababengabasebenzeli boBukhosi baseJapan ngoku babesebenzisana nolunye uhlaselo lwangaphandle. Imfazwe yamakhaya yayiqhubeka nge-1949 kwaye amaCumings enza ingxoxo eqinisekisayo yokuba yaqala kwi-1932. Wajonga ngasemva amazwi o-Mphathiswa Wezemisebenzi wase-Bhritane, u-Richard Stoke, owabona ukuba imfazwe eKorea iyafana kunye neMfazwe yaseMelika:

"I-Stoke kwenzeka ukuba zichanekile: ixesha elide lempixwano lifumana isizathu sayo kubume bemfazwe, into ekufuneka sazi kuqala: yayiyimfazwe yamakhaya, imfazwe eyayilwelwa ikakhulu ngabaseKorea kwiinkqubo zentlalo ezingahambelaniyo, zaseKorea iinjongo. Akuphelanga minyaka mithathu, kodwa ndinesiqalo kwi1932, kwaye ayikaze iphele. "(Imfazwe yaseKorea: Imbali).

Yayiyimfazwe yaseburhulumenteni phakathi kwenkqubo ezimbini zongquzulwano phakathi koqoqosho kunye noqoqosho'-uhlalutyo olusekwe enyanisweni kumajelo eendaba aluzange luhoye. Cinga ngokufana okucacileyo phakathi kweMfazwe yaseKorea kunye neMfazwe yaseMelika yaseMelika, emva koko ucinge ukuba inokuba injani lo mfo ukuba I-Bhritane yayijikijelile ukuloba.

Scoop uqhubeke neminqweno yakhe enengeniso ngenqaku lika-1994 apho wabhala ukuba ilizwe "laziwa njenge-maddog". (Qaphela indlela iSanger edibanisa kakuhle ngayo uKim Jung-il kunye nelizwe ngokwalo kwi-monolith emanyeneyo). Nangona kunjalo, ngo-2001 xa uNobhala welizwe uMadeleine Albright wadibana noKim Jong-il buqu, Washington PostNdaphatha inqaku elinomxholo othi "Imitha yaseKorea yaseKim Sheds ye-'Madoda '. UmMelika odibana naye wathi," Uyasebenza, ucinga, wamamela kakhulu. Wayesenza amanqaku. Unesimo sokuhleka. Asingomntu uphikisayo abantu abaninzi bambonisa ukuba unje. ”(North Korea: Elinye ilizwe). Usenokungafuni ukuhlala kwilizwe alilawulayo, kodwa lo yayingengomfanekiso wendoda eyazisiweyo okanye eyazibulalayo ukuba sasityisiwe.

Ibali liqhubekekile ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, nanjengoKim Jong-un, unyana wakhe, edlala kurhulumente kunye noMeyi Jae-in. Zombini izimvo malungaKim Jong-un"ukungazinzi kwengqondo kunye nokugcona kwindlela yakhe yokuphila kuthathwa njengento eqhelekileyo yimithombo yeendaba, ethi ngandlel 'ithile ingananzeleli ukuba umongameli wase-US ngoku akaqinisekanga kwaye ubonakala. Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba ukubonisa ukuba "nguwuphi umntu ophambeneyo" onomnwe wakhe kwiqhosha kusoyikisa kakhulu?

In ngo-Agasti 1998 Scoop Wayengalunganga xa wabhala esithi North Korea yayakha ngasese izixhobo zenyukliya kwindawo engaphantsi komhlaba. Esi sibhengezo sasishicilelwe kwiphepha lokuqala le ENew York Times. Xa i-North Korea yaqhubeka ivumela umkhosi wase-US ukuba ihlole le ndawo, bayifumana ingenanto nezinto ezinomathotholo-zincinci, ibali eliyinyani elingazange lenze kwiphepha elingaphambili.

NgoJulayi u2003 Scoop wayengalunganga xa wayesithi ubukrelekrele base-US bafumene "indawo yesibini, eyimfihlo yokuvelisa izixhobo ezikwibakala" Ukubuyiselwa kweencwadi zeLondon). Kwaye kwi-27 ngo-Epreli 2017, Scoop Wayengalunganga xa wenza izizathu zokuba kulawulo lukaTrump ngokukhupha ubuxoki bokuba iNorth Korea “inakho ukuvelisa ibhombu yenyukliya rhoqo emva kweeveki ezintandathu okanye ezisixhenxe.NY Times).

Sanger Ubuxoki buthi "ukusukela kwintlanganiso yokuqala kaMnumzana uTrump noMnumzana Kim, ngoJuni 12 eSwitzerland, amaNtla akakafanele athabathe inyathelo lokuqala kwinyukliya." Ngapha koko, iNorth Korea ilunqumamise uvavanyo olutsha lwenyukliya malunga ne unyaka; ichithe indawo yovavanyo lwenyukliya ye-Punggye-ri kwaye yamema abahloli bangaphandle ukuba baqinisekise ukuba itshabalalisiwe; ukurhoxiswa, okanye ubuncinci kuqalile ukukhupha isitishi sokuSasazwa kweSatellite; Ndivume ukuchitha ngokupheleleyo indawo yokuvavanywa kwe-injini ye-Dongchang-ri kunye nokuphehlelelwa kweqonga phantsi kweengcali, kunye nokuchitha izakhiwo zayo zenyukliya eYongbyon ukuba "i-United States ithatha amanyathelo ahambelana noko." Ukonyuka. ”Ukongeza, ibonakalisa ubunyani bayo, i-North Korea ibuyisele iintsalela ezingama-50 zase-US abakhonza apho ngexesha leMfazwe yaseKorea.

Le yimibingelelo ephambili eNyakatho Korea, ilizwe elinesihlobo esincinci se-GDP e-US, apho ukwakha kwakhona kunzima khona. Uhanahaniso olungqonge indlovu enkulu yenyani kwigumbi lokuhlazisa luyintloni-into yokuba zonke iingcinezelo ziseNorth Korea ukuba zingasebenzi, ngelixa i-US inokuhlala ithule kwindawo yayo enkulu yempahla yenyukliya (ejikeleze i-6,800 nukes) eyoyikisayo iNorth Korea kunye uninzi namanye amazwe kwihlabathi liphela.

isiphelo

Ngaba kuyenzeka nje ukuba uSanger abhale le ncwadana kwakamsinya nje emva kokuba iiDemocrats ziphumelele kulawulo lweNdlu yabaMeli-abaDemokhrasi ababenqande uTrump ekunciphiseni amanqanaba eqela labangaphantsi kwe28,000 eSouth Korea?

Siyazi ukuba inzuzo yabakhuseli bezokhuselo iya kuncipha kakhulu ukuba kuza kubakho uxolo kwiPeninsula yaseKorea. Uphononongo olwenziwe liZiko lobuChule kunye neZifundo zeZizwe ngeZizwe (i-CSIS) apho uScoop waqokelela khona iingxelo zakhe ezinobisi azinakuthembela njengoko zinotyekelo olucacileyo. (The NY Times Isazisile ukuba i-CSIS isebenzela ishishini lezokulwa “Ucinga Njani Iibhanki Ukuphucula I-Corporate America”s, "7 Agasti 2016). Ezi ziinkampani kunye nabantu abahlala kwi "North Korea isongelo."

Nalu uluhlu olukhawulezileyo lweengozi zoxolo kubakhi bezokhuselo kunye nokusekwa kwezomkhosi zase-US: Iinkqubo ezibizayo ze-THAAD eSouth Korea kunye ne-Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System inokubekwa emngciphekweni. IiTroops zinokurhoxiswa eKorea. Iziseko ezibini ezitsha ezakhiwa eHenoko naseTakae, e-Okinawa zisongelwa. (Sele kukho inkcaso eqatha, engapheliyo e-Okinawa kwezi ziseko zitsha). Usosiba jikelele U-Shinzo Abe kunye ne-ultranationalists ye-ilk yakhe ingawa kwi-Japan. Kwaye izicwangciso zakhe zokucima iNqaku 9 (elinqabela iJapan ukuba lihlasele amanye amazwe) kwaye iphelise umgaqo-siseko woxolo waseJapan unokushenxiswa, ngaloo ndlela uthintele "Imikhosi yokuZikhusela" yaseJapan ngokupheleleyo indibaniselwanoNgobunzima bemfazwe yase-US.

Kwimithombo yeendaba e-US eveleleyo namhlanje sinikwa ukhetho phakathi kweendaba ezingezizo zikaTrump nenkohliso yeenkohliso zenkohliso / zeendaba eziqhubekayo, abathi ngamanye amaxesha babhenele kwiindaba ezingezizo. Isixa esikhulu semali namandla asengozini eKorea. Uxolo eKorea lusongela ubomi bokuzibandakanya, isitokhwe, amashishini emfazwe, udumo lwabantu abaninzi. Ezi ke ziyingozi zoxolo, kodwa uxolo kufuneka lufike, kwaye luzayo, ubukhulu becala ngentando eluqilima yoxolo nentando yesininzi yabantu baseMzantsi Korea.

Umyalelo we-geopolotiki eNortheast Asia unokutshintshwa isigxina, kwaye into eyoyikisayo kubantu abaninzi base-US kukuba I-US ingaphulukana nenqanaba layo le-hegemonic, amandla ayo okulawula iimakethi apho, kunye nokuba nakho ukuzalisekiswa kweengcinga ezibonakalayo zika " Vula umnyango ”-iyingcinga yokuba bambalwa abantu baseMelika ababawayo abaye babathanda kule minyaka ingama-120 idlulileyo.

Ndiyabulela kakhulu kuStephen Brivati ​​ngezimvo, iziphakamiso kunye nokuhlela.