Isihlalo esishushu seNyukliya: Iimbali zeTaos Down-Winder

Ngu: Jean Stevens, World BEYOND War, UJanuwari 12, 2021

Ndihleli eTaos, eNew Mexico ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30. Yindawo entle enembali emangalisayo. Ikwayindawo eTaos Pueblo eyiNdawo yeLifa leMveli yeHlabathi. Ndingumhlohli othathe umhlala phantsi kunye nomseki / umlawuli weTaos Environmental Film Festival. NdikwayiNkokheli yoQeqesho lweMozulu kwaye ndixhalabile malunga nobungozi obujamelene nabo bonke ubomi emhlabeni njengoko bekuxeliwe ngeBulletin yeAtomic Scientists kunye ne2020 Doomsday Clock eyi-100 Seconds to Midnight (eyona ikufutshane kakhulu ngenxa yotshintsho lwemozulu kunye nolutsha Ukwanda kwebhombu ye-nuke). Ngoku sisondela kwingxelo entsha yeDoomsday Clock ngo-2021. Ngobhubhane wehlabathi, kunye nomongameli weTrump ongenamakhonkco, ndiyoyika iziphumo.

Ngo-2011, ndafudukela e-Ouray, eColorado xa Umlilo weLas Conchas kwaqhuma kwaye kweza kwiikhilomitha ezimbini zeLebhu yeSizwe yaseLos Alamos (i-LANL), ehlala malunga nemigqomo engama-30,000 yenkunkuma ye-nuke plutonium. Ngo-2000, andizange ndikwazi ukuphuma endaweni yokuba ngutitshala ngokusisigxina ngexesha lomlilo waseCerro Grande. Lo mlilo uphinde weza ngobungozi kufutshane neLANL kwaye umsi uye waya eTaos, ongangeemayile ezingama-45 ezantsi.

Ngexesha lomnyhadala wefilimu eTelluride, ndathetha nomntu owayesakuba ngumcimi-mlilo we-2000 eCerro Grande kwaye wachaza ukuba wabona ukuqhushumba okuncinci, okuvela emhlabeni, ngelixa wayesilwa nomlilo. Xa ndacela iinkcukacha ezingakumbi akazange afune ukuxoxa ngamava abuhlungu.

I-MEXICO ENTSHA: IMVELISO YEBHUKU YENYUKU, UKUGCINWA, INKUNKUMA & IBHUKU LOKUBONISA IBHUKU LELIZWE?

Esona sixhobo sikhulu (kwaye mhlawumbi esona sikhulu sehlabathi) sezixhobo zenyukliya Isiseko soMkhosi woMoya waseKirtland eAlbuquerque, NM. Inkqubo ye- Inkunkuma yokuZahlula iZilingo kufutshane naseCarlsbad, eNew Mexico yindawo yokugcina inkunkuma evela kuphando kunye nokuveliswa kwezixhobo zenyukliya zase-US. Ime kwingingqi ekumzantsi-mpuma weNew Mexico obizwa ngokuba yi "corridor yenyukliya" ekwabandakanya Isixhobo soPhuhliso seSizwe kufuphi Eunice, New Mexico, the Iingcali zoLawulo lweNkunkuma Indawo yokulahla inkunkuma kwinqanaba elingaphantsi nje komda kufutshane neAndrews, Texas, kunye neInternational Isotopes, Inc. iziko eliza kwakhiwa kufutshane nase-Eunice, eNew Mexico.

Kwaye kukho iifayile ze- iilebhu ezintathu eziphambili zezixhobo zenyukliya kulawulo lwezixhobo zenyukliya kuLawulo lweSizwe loKhuseleko lweNyukliya, ezimbini zazo - iLos Alamos (LANL) kunye neSandia National Laboratories (SNL) - zibekwe eNew Mexico.

Into esiyibonayo kukuqhambuka kweMfazwe ebandayo entsha kuphando lwezixhobo ze-nuke kunye nophuhliso eNew Mexico, ekungqinwa ukuba yindawo yomhlaba yezixhobo zenyukliya kwiPlanethi yethu yoMhlaba. Iqela leLos Alamos Study lathi i-LANL yangoku yala maxesha lolona lwakhiwo lukhulu kwi-LANL ukusukela ngeProjekthi yeManhattan.

Kwi-2018 kwaqeshwa umlawuli omtsha ngeli xesha litsha kwi-LANL, uThomas "Thom" Mason, ugqirha wezinto onomdla waseCanada naseMelika. Phambi koku kuqeshwa, wayephethe isigqeba eBattelle Memorial Institute ukusukela ngo-2017–2018, kunye nomlawuli weLebhu yeSizwe yase-Oak Ridge ukusukela ngo-2007–2017. Kwakuloo nyaka Ukhuseleko lweLizwe olu-Triad luphumelele ikhontrakthi engama-25 eebhiliyoni zeerandi evela kuLawulo lweSizwe lweNyukliya kuLawulo lweLizwe lokulawula nokusebenza eLebhu yeSizwe yaseLos Alamos. Nge-Novemba kaNovemba, Iindaba zeTaos zixeliwe Umlawuli weLANL uGqirha Thom Mason ugaya abafundi ukuba basebenze kulwandiso olukhulu kunye nokuphucula izixhobo zenyukliya.

LANDELA IMALI YENYOKA YEGAYA

Musa iDank on the Bomb ithi “Ukuphuculwa kwezinto kungalahlekisa, ngakumbi xa kufikwa kwizixhobo zenyukliya. Ukuphucula izixhobo zenyukliya kuphathelene nokugcina okanye ukwandisa amandla okubulala abantu besebenzisa isixhobo esingenamkhethe nesigwetyelwe isivumelwano somhlaba wonke. ” Musa iBhanki kwiBhombu uluhlu olubanzi lweenkcukacha ichonga iinkampani zabucala ezibandakanyeke kakhulu kubuchwephesha bezixhobo zenyukliya, ezinje Honeywell International onesivumelwano kunye Iilebhu zikaSandia (Albuquerque, NM), apho intloko yomlo kunye nomjukujelwa zidibanisa ukwenza izixhobo ezonakalisayo kunye nokuzinzisa.

Olona tyalo-mali lukhulu kumlimi ngamnye oluchazwe ngo-2017 njengoko kuchazwe yi-Musa iBhanki kwiBhombu zezi:

1. I-Boeing: I-Boeing yenza imijukujelwa eyenzelwe ngokukodwa i-arhente yenyukliya yase-United States kunye nekhiti yomsila okhokelwayo kwisiqhushumbisi sesizukulwana esilandelayo. I-Boeing, esekwe e-US, yeyona nkampani inkulu ye-aerospace kunye nomvelisi ophambili weejetliners kunye nomkhosi, indawo kunye neenkqubo zokhuseleko. Iimveliso zayo kunye neenkonzo zibandakanya inqwelomoya yorhwebo kunye nomkhosi, isathelayithi, iibhombu kunye nemijukujelwa, iinkqubo zombane kunye nezomkhosi, iinkqubo zokuphehlelela, ulwazi oluphambili kunye neenkqubo zonxibelelwano, kunye noqeqesho olusekwe kwintsebenzo. Kunyaka-mali ophela nge-31 ngoDisemba 2019, iBoeing ichaze ingeniso ye-US $ 76.559 yezigidi,
2. I-Honeywell International: I-Honeywell iyabandakanyeka kwizixhobo zenyukliya zase-US kunye nokuvelisa izinto eziphambili ze-US Minuteman III ICBM kunye nenkqubo ye-Trident II (D5), esetyenziswa ngoku yi-US kunye ne-UK. I-Honeywell International, esekwe e-US, isebenza njenge teknoloji eyahlukeneyo kunye nenkampani yokuvelisa. Iiyunithi zeshishini zenkampani zii-aerospace, itekhnoloji yokwakha, ukhuseleko kunye nemveliso yezisombululo kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza kunye neetekhnoloji. Kunyaka-mali ophela nge-31 kaDisemba 2018, iHoneywell International ibhengeze ukuthengisa kwe-US $ 36,709 yezigidi.
3. U-Lockheed Martin: U-Lockheed Martin ubandakanyeka kwimveliso yezixhobo zenyukliya zase-UK nase-US njengomboneleli weenkonzo eziphambili kunye nezinto zemijukujelwa yenyukliya. I-Lockheed Martin, esekwe e-US, ijolise kuphando, uyilo, uphuhliso, ukwenziwa, ukudityaniswa kunye nokugcinwa kweenkqubo zetekhnoloji ephezulu, iimveliso kunye neenkonzo. Kunyaka-mali ophela nge-31 kaDisemba 2019, ivelise ingeniso ye-US $ 59.8 yezigidigidi.
4. I-Northrup Grumman: I-Northrop Grumman iyabandakanyeka kuyo yonke imiba yezixhobo zenyukliya zase-US-ukusuka kumaziko avelisa iintloko zemfazwe ukuvelisa izinto eziphambili zeenkqubo zokuhanjiswa ngokukodwa. I-Northrop Grumman iqhagamshele ubuncinci kwi-US $ 68.3 yezigidigidi kwizivumelwano ezingekahlawulwa ezinxulumene nezixhobo zenyukliya, ngomsebenzi ekulindeleke ukuba usebenze kude kube ubuncinci i-2036. INorthrop Grumman, esekwe e-US, yinkampani ye-aerospace, yezokhuselo kunye neyokhuseleko, eqhuba uninzi yeshishini layo neSebe lezoKhuselo laseMelika kunye noluntu lwezobuntlola. Kunyaka-mali ophela nge-31 kaDisemba 2018, iNorthrop Grumman yavelisa ingeniso ye-US $ 33.3 yezigidigidi.
5. URaytheon: URaytheon ubandakanyeka kwimveliso yomhlaba wase-US kunye nomoya ophehlelela imijukujelwa yenyukliya kwaye wanyulwa njengekhontraktha eyintloko yesixhobo esitsha seRong Range Standoff. Okwangoku, uRaytheon uqhagamshele ubuncinci kwi-US $ 963.4 yezigidi kwezivumelwano ezinxulumene nezixhobo zenyukliya, eqhuba nge-2022. Ukudibana nombutho we-United Technologies kukhokelela kwisigidi esinye seedola ezingama-500 kwizivumelwano zenyukliya. URaytheon, ose-US, ubonelela ngemikhosi yezomkhosi, urhulumente wabucala kunye neemveliso ezinxulumene nokukhuseleka kwe-cyber. Kunyaka-mali ophela nge-31 ngoDisemba 2019, uRaytheon uvelise ingeniso ye-US $ 29.2 yezigidigidi.
6. I-Bechtel: I-Bechtel ibandakanyeka kumaziko aliqela ezikhali zenyukliya ase-US. Ikwayinxalenye yeqela eliya kuthi liphuhlise isixhobo senyukliya esitshintshiweyo se-US Minuteman III, iGround Based Strategic Deterrent. I-Bechtel Group, inkampani yabucala eseMelika, isebenza njengenjineli, ulwakhiwo kunye nenkampani yolawulo lweprojekthi. Kunyaka-mali we-2018, iBechtel Group ibike ingeniso ye-US $ 25.5 yezigidigidi.

 UKUQHUBEKA KWEZIPHUMO

Ukubuya eBrink kuthi "Amandla atshabalalisayo kunye nobungozi obubulalayo bezixhobo zenyukliya zibenza bahluke kuzo zonke ezinye izixhobo. Ukuqhushumba kwebhombu enye kunokubulala amakhulu amawaka kwaye kubangele ukonzakala kunye nokugula kwabanye abaninzi. Imfazwe yenyukliya enomda inokubulala ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2 yezigidigidi ngenxa yemozulu ebangela indlala kwihlabathi. Ukulwa ngokupheleleyo nenyukliya kusongela uluntu ngokwalo. ”

Ukuqukumbela, ndiyathemba ukuba singadibana sonke nge-22 kaJanuwari, ngo-2021 - usuku lwembali iSivumelwano sokuVimbela iZixhobo zeNyukliya siqala ukusebenza-ukuthetha inyani kumandla, ukuhlonipha wonke umntu okhusela impilo yethu kunye nequla -ukuba nguMama wethu ongcwele, kunye nokuququzelela ukupheliswa kwenyukliya. Enye yezona ndawo zibalaseleyo zokufumana oovimba, imfundo, kunye neminyhadala ikwi worldbeyondwar.org.