Iintsomi, Ukuzola, kunye nePropaganda Egcina Izixhobo Zenyukliya zikhona

NguDavid Swanson

Izikhumbuzo ePoulsbo, eWashington, Agasti 4, 2019

Kule veki, kwiminyaka eyi-74 eyadlulayo, izixeko zaseHiroshima naseNagasaki nganye nganye yabethwa ngebhombu enye yenyukliya eyayinamandla okwesithathu ukuya kwisiqingatha sento iNPR ibiza isixhobo esiphantsi okanye isixhobo esisebenzayo. Nge-NPR ndithetha ukuba zombini ukuPhindwa koSuku lweNyukliya kunye noRadi weSizwe woLuntu, urhulumente wase-US kunye nokuba yintoni abantu abaninzi abacinga ukuba yingoomatshini bokushicilela basimahla. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba zizixhobo ezinokusetyenziselwa ukudubula kwimizila engaphantsi komhlaba esekwe apha. Ziphinda-phindwe kabini okanye kathathu ubungakanani bento eyitshabalalisayo iHiroshima kunye neNagasaki, kwaye izicwangciso zomkhosi wase-US zibandakanya ukusebenzisa ii-nukes ezininzi ngexesha elinye. Kodwa eneneni zincinci xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izixhobo zenyukliya eziye zalungiswa iUnited States kunye namanye amazwe kwimeko yezehlo engentle esenza ukuba kutshabalalise ezethu nezinye iintlobo zekhondo lobulumko. Ezinye iinuks zase-US ngamaxesha e-1,000 eyayisetyenziselwe ukuphelisa amandla abantu baseJapan. Umakhenkethi ngamnye unokuqalisa amaxesha e-5,000 oko kulahliwe kwiHiroshima.

Kodwa ibango ibikukuba ii-submarine zezo zinto kuthiwa zi-deterence. Ukubeka into ebizwa ngokuba ngama-nukes amancinci kunye nokubiza ezo "zisebenzisekayo," kwehlisa ukuzingca ukuthintela ukuvuma ngokucacileyo ubudenge bokuqalisa ukutshintshiselana ngeenukes ezinokubulala sonke ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokudala ubusika benyukliya.

Ingavakala ngathi ndiyaqhula okanye ndiyahlekisa xa ndisithi urhulumente wase-US angathatha isigqibo sokuba le apocalypse yeyona nto ilumkileyo, kodwa endaweni ye-United States endihlala kuyo kukho iingxinano ezinkulu, zenziwe ngabangaphambili bamaNazi. Ngaphantsi kweenduli iiarhente ezahlukeneyo zikarhulumente ukuba zifihle ngaphakathi ukuze ziphinde ziphile ubomi obude kunobomi bethu, kwaye ezi zindlu zingaphantsi zinokuthatha iiyure ukuya kuthintela ukugcwala ngephanyazo. Isigqibo sokusibulala sonke bekuya kufuneka senziwe kwaye sicwangcisiwe ngaphandle kodwa asenziwanga phambi kokuhamba kade ukuya kwabo bunkers. Oku konke kuyinxalenye yomgaqo-nkqubo wesitrato sokuqala.

Kwaye, ewe, uMongameli wase-United States uye wathumela umyalezo ngezothutho kwamanye amazwe, into engaphambi kokuba yenzeke ngaphambili. Bonke benze izisongelo zabo zenyukliya ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-Twitter.

Xa iUnited States yaphosa iibhombu zenyukliya eJapan, inyambalala yabantu yanyuswa njengamanzi epanini yokutshisa. Bashiye izithunzi ezibizwa ngokuba phantsi komhlaba ngamanye amaxesha zikhona nanamhlanje. Kodwa abanye abafanga kanye. Abanye bahambe okanye bakhasa. Abanye bade bayokufika ezibhedlele apho abanye babenokuva khona amathambo abo eveza ukuba zibambekile phantsi njengezithende eziphakamileyo. Kwizibhedlele, iimpethu ziye zakhasa zingena emanxebeni nasezimpumlweni nasezindlebeni zazo. Iimpethu zidle abaguli bephila ngaphakathi ngaphakathi. Abafi babekhala ngesinyithi xa baphoswa kwiitraki kunye neelori, ngamanye amaxesha nabantwana babo abancinci bayalila kwaye bababhomboloze kufutshane. Imvula emnyama yayina iintsuku, kugaleleka imvula nokufa. Abo basele amanzi bafa ngoko nangoko. Abenxaniwe, ababa safuna ukusela. Abo bangakhange bagule ngenxa yokugula maxa wambi bakhula amabala abomvu kwaye bafa ngokukhawuleza ukuze ukwazi ukubukela isiqaqa sokufa ngaphezulu kwabo. Abaphilayo babehlala besothusa. Abafi bongezwa kwiintaba zamathambo ngoku ezijongwa njengeenduli ezithandekayo zengca apho umphunga umke khona.

Abanye babo babenakho ukuyeka ukugwinya kwaye babambe iingalo zabo phambi kwabo ulusu kunye nolusu lwenyama luyekelele. Kuluntu lwethu olugqithisileyo nolunemfundo ephantsi kakhulu lo mfanekiso osuka kwii zombies. Kodwa inyaniso inokuba ngenye indlela ejikeleze. Abanye abagxeki kwimidiya bakholelwa ukuba iimuvi malunga nee-zombies kunye nabanye abantu engengobantu ziyindlela yokuphepha ukuziva unetyala okanye nokuba nolwazi lokubulala ngenene.

Xa kufikwa ekubulaweni kwabantu abaninzi okwenziwa emfazweni, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zenyukliya yeyona nto incinci kuyo, kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuphume phambili ekufeni kwabantu okubangelwa yimveliso yenyukliya kunye nokuvavanywa nenkunkuma kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ze-uranium ezigqityiweyo. UHiroshima kunye neNagasaki bakhethwa njengeendawo zokubonakalisa amandla enebhombu zenyukliya kuba akukho gosa liphezulu eWashington lalikhona lafumana indawo ethandekayo, nto leyo yasindisa uKyoto, nangenxa yokuba izixeko ezibini zazingekabinakho umlilo. ezinye iindawo ezininzi. Ukutsha komlilo eTokyo akuyona into eyoyikisayo njengokucekiswa kweHiroshima neNagasaki. Uqhushumbe lwaseKorea nolweVietnam neIraq, phakathi kwezinye iindawo, lwalusiya lubi.

Kodwa xa kufikwa ekubulaweni kwabantu abaninzi kwixa elizayo besengozini yezenzo ezikhoyo, izixhobo zenyukliya zidityaniswa kuphela yimozulu kunye nokuwa kwendalo apho umlo ungowona mnikelo mkhulu. Ngethuba abantu e-United States baqala ukuhlangana nokutshutshiswa kohlanga lwasemzini kunye nezoyikiso zobukhoboka, sinokulindela ukujongwa ngokunyaniseka ngentshabalalo yeHiroshima kunye neNagasaki malunga nonyaka we-2090. Ngokujonga ngokunyaniseka, oko akuthethi ukungxolisa kuye okuvela kuMongameli Obama. Ndithetha ukugxila ezikolweni zethu nakwimpilo yethu yaseburhulumenteni yokwamkela uxanduva lokudala izitshixo ze-apocalypse kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo ukwenza izilungiso. Kodwa i-2090 iya kuba kudala.

Abantu ababonakali ngathi bathatha inyathelo lokuwohloka kwemozulu bume ngokwaneleyo ukuba baqalise ukushenxisa oorhulumente abonakeleyo kuyo de ibe oko kuchaphazela bona okwangoku, ekunokwenzeka ukuba kube kudala kakhulu. Ukuba abantu abenzi kwizixhobo zenyukliya de bafumane ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngokuqinisekileyo kusemva kwexesha kakhulu. Isixhobo senyukliya asifani nobugcisa okanye iphonografi apho unokuyazi khona kuphela xa uyibona. Kwaye ngexesha olibonayo unokuyeka ukuyazi nantoni na. Kodwa nokuyibona kusenokunganeli kwabanye abantu. I-Sweden isandula ukwala ukuvala izixhobo zenyukliya ngezizathu zokuba esi sivumelwano asizichazi ukuba ziyintoni. Ngokukrakra, Sweden, ucinga ukuba ukuba isixhobo senyukliya sisetyenzisiwe kwiStockholm kuya kubakho ingxoxo malunga nokuba sisixhobo senyukliya okanye akunjalo?

Ababukeli be-Smart-mhlawumbi isithunzi esilumkileyo kakhulu ukulungiselela bona - bathandabuza ubunyani bezizathu zaseSweden. Ngokwabo, iSweden ayinazo izixhobo zenyukliya ngokwayo kwaye ke inyanzelekile ukuba yenze ukuthanda kwabo banayo-nangona uninzi lwamanye amazwe benqaba ukwenza loo nto kwaye besayine kwisivumelwano sokuphelisa izixhobo zenyukliya. Kodwa le nto kukubonakalisa ukuba sengqiqweni. Kwaye impazamo ityhilwa ngokulula ngokuyeka ukumelwa kurhulumente. Ukuba ubambe i-referendum kawonkewonke eSweden ndiyakholelwa ukuba ukuvinjelwa kwamantlukwano kuya kufumana olunye ilizwe. Sichasene nenkxaso eyaziwayo yezixhobo zenyukliya, iyinyani, kwaye kunjalo ngakumbi kwamanye amazwe kunakwamanye. Kodwa ezinkulu ezinkulu kumazwe yinyukliya nakwamanye amazwe angekhoyo kwi-United States, ziye zaxelela abantu abangcolisayo ukuba baxhase isivumelwano ekuvunyelwene ngaso sokuphelisa konke ukukrexeza. Nangona kunjalo, sikwachasene norhulumente okhohlakeleyo. Kwaye ezi ngxaki zimbini zidibene nenkohliso yeenkqubo zethu zonxibelelwano.

Ndiyakholelwa ukuba sijongane neentsomi ekufuneka zikhutshiwe, ngokuthula kufuneka kuqhekezwe, kunye ne-propaganda ekufuneka ichaswe kwaye ithathelwe indawo. Masiqale ngentsomi.

IMIHLA

Sixelelwa ukuba imfazwe yinto yemvelo, yinto eqhelekileyo, ngandlela ithile ngaphakathi kuthi. Sixelelwe le nto kwaye siyayikholelwa, nangona sisazi kakuhle ukuba uninzi lwethu aluzange lube nanto yakwenza ngqo nemfazwe. Umkhosi wase-US uzabalazela ukufumana amalungu kwaye ukhathaza ukuba lipesenti elincinci labantwana elinamalungu osapho abakhe emkhosini. Kwaye ukuba uphakathi kwipesenti encinci ebeye emkhosini, ngokwezibalo unokufumana ubunzima bokuziva unetyala okanye uxinezeleko lwasemva kokuzibulala, okanye ukuzibulala kwindawo kawonke wonke. Into enokuphetshwa njani ngabantu abaninzi, kwaye uninzi lwabantu abangazenziyo ukuba baphethwe kakubi, ifakwe ilebhile yendalo kwaye ayinakuchaphazeleka? Ewe, ukuphindaphinda okungapheliyo - ngurhulumente, ngamajelo eendaba, kunye nokuzonwabisa. Ukhe wazama ukukroba ngeNetflix uzama ukufumana imuvi ngaphandle kobundlobongela? Kungenziwa, kodwa ukuba ilizwe lokwenyani lifana nokuzonwabisa kwethu sonke ngekhe sabulawa lixesha elininzi.

Ukuba asixelelwanga ukuba imfazwe ayinakuphepheka, sixelelwa ukuba iyimfuneko, iUnited States ifuna imfazwe ngenxa yabanye abantu abasemva kakhulu. Umongameli u-Obama wathi abanukeli abanakupheliswa ebomini bakhe, ngenxa yobubi babaphambukeli. Kodwa akukho ntlangano emhlabeni yenza ngaphezulu ukukhuthaza imfazwe kurhulumente wase-US, onokuthi aqalise umdyarho weengalo ezibuyiselweyo ukuba ukhetha. Ukudala ubutshaba kunye nezoyikiso ngemfazwe engapheliyo kunye nokuhlala kwabantu kunokucacisa kuphela ukwakhiwa kwezixhobo ukuba siyenza ngathi ayenzeki okanye ayinakumiswa. Ukuba urhulumente wase-US ukhethe ukwenza oko, angajoyina kwaye axhase (kwaye ayeke ukwaphula kunye nokuphelisa) izivumelwano zamalungelo oluntu kunye neenkundla zamatyala, izivumelwano zokukhupha izixhobo, kunye neenkqubo zokuhlola. Inokubonelela ngehlabathi ngokutya, amayeza, kunye namandla kwinxalenye yoko ichitha ikwenza ukuba ithiye. Imfazwe lukhetho.

U-Tad Daley ubhale wathi: "Ewe, uhlolo lwamazwe jikelele apha luya kugxila kulongamo lwethu. Kodwa ukuvalelwa kweebhombu zeatom apha kuya kuthintela ukukhululeka kwethu. Umbuzo kuphela, yeyiphi kwezi zinto zimbini singayifumaniyo. ”

Nangona sixelelwa ukuba imfazwe iyimfuneko, sixelelwa ukuba iyanceda. Kodwa okwangoku siza kubona imfazwe yokunceda abantu isiza uluntu. Intsomi yexesha elizayo lemfazwe yokulwa abantu ixhonywe phambi kwethu. Imfazwe nganye entsha iza kuba yeyokuqala ukubulala inani elikhulu labantu ngendlela eyingenelo abayithandayo nabanoxabiso ngayo. Qho xa isilela. Kwaye ngalo lonke ixesha sikwamkela ukusilela, okoko nje umongameli ngelo xesha eyeqela lezopolitiko esichasayo.

Sikwaxelelwa nokuba imfazwe izukile kwaye iyancomeka, nokuba ezo zininzi iimfazwe esinqwenela ukuba zingaze zisungulwe ziinkonzo ezinkulu ekufuneka sibulele ngazo abathathi-nxaxheba - okanye ulwaphulo-mthetho oluyintlekele esinokuthi ngenxa yoko simbulele abathathi-nxaxheba.

Intsomi enkulu, nangona kunjalo, yintsomi enobulumko kunye neentsomi eyaqanjwa ngegama leMfazwe yesibini. Ngenxa yale ntsomi, kufanelekile ukuba sinyamezele iminyaka engama-75 yeemfazwe zobubi obugqithileyo kodwa siphosa idola enye kunye nekota yeedola kwithemba lokuba kulo nyaka uzayo kuza kubakho yesibini Imfazwe elungileyo eyayiliMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi. Nazi iinyani ezimbalwa ezingonwabisiyo.

Imibutho yase-US yarhweba kwaye yafumana inzuzo kwiJamani yamaNazi kanye ngeMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi, kwaye urhulumente wase-US akakhange ahoye. AmaNazi, ngobuhlanya bawo, kangangeminyaka wayefuna ukugxotha amaYuda, angawabulali - obunye ubuhlanya obuza kamva. Urhulumente wase-US waququzelela iinkomfa ezinkulu zamazwe ehlabathi avumayo esidlangalaleni, ngezizathu ezicacileyo nezingenazintloni zokuchasana namaSemite, ukungamamkeli amaJuda. Abaphembeleli boxolo babongoza urhulumente wase-US kunye no-Britane ngexesha lemfazwe ukuba bathethathethane ngokususwa kwamajuda kunye nezinye izinto ebejolise kuzo eJamani ukusindisa ubomi babo kwaye baxelelwa nje ukuba akubalulekanga. Kwiiyure nje ezimbalwa emva kokuphela kwemfazwe eYurophu, uWinston Churchill kunye neenjineli ezahlukeneyo zase-US babecebisa imfazwe eRussia besebenzisa imikhosi yaseJamani, kwaye kwaqalwa uMlo oBandayo kusetyenziswa oosonzululwazi bamaNazi.

Urhulumente wase-US akazange abhujiswe ngokuhlaselwa ngequbuliso, intsomi esetyenziselwa ukuthethelela ubumfihlo kunye nokubekwa kweliso kude kube namhlanje. Iintshukumo zoxolo bezikhusela ekwakhiweni kwempi kunye neJapan ukusukela ii1930s. Umongameli uFranklin Roosevelt wayezibophelele kuChurchill ukukhuthaza iJapan kwaye wasebenza nzima ukukhuthaza iJapan, wayesazi ukuba olu hlaselo luyeza, kwaye ekuqaleni wayila isibhengezo semfazwe ngokuchasene neJamani neJapan ngorhatya lohlaselo lwePearl Harbor kunye nePhilippines - ngaphambili xesha, i-FDR yayisakhe iziseko e-US kunye neelwandle ezininzi, bathengisa izixhobo kwi-Brits zeziseko, baqala uyilo, benza uluhlu lomntu ngamnye waseJapan waseMelika kweli lizwe, babonelela ngeenqwelomoya, abaqeqeshi, kunye neenqwelomoya eziya eTshayina, zimiselwe izohlwayo eziqatha eJapan, kwaye zacetyisa umkhosi wase-US ukuba kuqalise imfazwe neJapan.

Intsomi yePearl Harbour inokubambezeleka kokusweleka kwinkcubeko yase-US kangangokuba uThomas Friedman wabiza inkampani yaseRussia yathenga inani elincinci leentengiso ezingaqhelekanga ze-Facebook "umnyhadala wesakhiwo sePearl," ngelixa ividiyo yeRob Reiner eneenkokheli zikaMorgan Freeman zabhengeza " emfazweni neRussia! ”- mhlawumbi idabi lokukhusela iprinsine, ukungabinazimbumbulu, ukungabinambeko, inkqubo yonyulo e-US ehlonitshwe kwilizwe jikelele kumngcipheko wokufunda kukawonkewonke e-US ukuba i-DNC iqhuba njani iprimaries zayo.

Izibunu azizange zisindise ubomi. Bathathe ubomi, ngokunokwenzeka i-200,000 yabo. Ayenzelwanga ukusindisa ubomi okanye ukuphelisa imfazwe. Kwaye abayiphelisi imfazwe. Uhlaselo lwaseRussia lwenza oko. I-United States Strategic Bombing Survey igqibe kwelokuba, “… ngokuqinisekileyo phambi kwe-31 ngoDisemba, i-1945, kwaye kuzo zonke izinto ezazokwenzeka ngaphambi kwe-1 ngo-Novemba, i-1945, iJapan ngebenokunikezela nokuba imibhombu yeatom ibingakhange icinywe, nokuba i-Russia ayingenanga Emfazweni, nokuba bekungekho ucelomngeni olucwangcisiweyo okanye ocingelwayo. ”Omnye umchasi owayekhe waveza lo mbono kuNobhala weMfazwe kwangaphambi kokuba kuqhushulwe ibhombu nguGeneral Dwight Eisenhower. Usihlalo weqela elidibeneyo leChiefs labasebenzi u-Admiral uWilliam D. Leahy uvumile, esithi "Ukusetyenziswa kwesi sixhobo esixineneyo eHiroshima naseNagasaki kwakungeloncedo lanto kwimfazwe yethu neJapan. AmaJapan sele oyisiwe kwaye alungele ukunikezela. ”Kwakuvunyelwene naye uAdmirals Nimitz noHalsey, kunye noGenerations MacArthur, uKing, Arnold, noLeMay, kunye noBrigadier General Carter Clarke, kunye no-Nobhala we-Navy Ralph Bard ibongoza ukuba iJapan inikwe isilumkiso. U-Lewis Strauss, uMcebisi ku-Nobhala Wezomkhosi, uye wancomela ukuba kuqhutyekwe ihlathi kunesixeko.

Kodwa ukuvuthuza izixeko kwakuyinto yonke, ngendlela efanayo yokwenza ukuba abantwana abancinci babandezeleke kufutshane nomda waseMexico yindawo yonke. Kukho ezinye izizathu, kodwa azikususi ukudakumba. UHarry Truman uthethe kwiNdlu yase-US ngoJuni 23, 1941: "Ukuba sibona ukuba iJamani iyaphumelela," utshilo, "kufanele ukuba sincede iRussia, kwaye ukuba iRussia iphumelele kufuneka sincede iJamani, kwaye ngale ndlela mababulale. uninzi lwendlela uMongameli wase-US otshabalalise uHiroshima wacinga ngexabiso lobomi baseYurophu. Ukuvota kweMikhosi yase-US e-1943 yafumanisa ukuba phantse isiqingatha sazo zonke ii-GIs sikholelwa ukuba kuya kuba yimfuneko ukubulala wonke umntu waseJapan osemhlabeni. UWilliam Halsey, owayalela umkhosi wamanqanawa waseUnited States kuMzantsi Pasifiki ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi, wacinga ngomsebenzi wakhe njengo "Bulala uJaps, bulala iJaps, ubulale amaJaps angaphezulu," kwaye wafunga ukuba xa imfazwe iphelile, ulwimi lwaseJapan ziyakuthethwa esihogweni kuphela.

Nge-Agasti ka-6, i-1945, uMongameli uTruman waxoka kwirediyo ukuba ibhombu yenyukliya yaphoswa kwisiseko somkhosi, endaweni yokuya kwisixeko. Kwaye wayithethelela, hayi njengokukhawuleza ukuphela kwemfazwe, kodwa njengempindezelo kwizikreqo zaseJapan. "Mr. UTruman wayengonwabanga, ”wabhala uDorothy Day. Iiveki ngaphambi kokuba ibhombu yokuqala yaphoswa, ngoJulayi 13, 1945, iJapan yayithumele i-telegraph kwiSoviet Union ivakalisa umnqweno wayo wokunikezela nokuphelisa imfazwe. I-United States yayiphule iikhowudi zaseJapan kwaye ifunda i-telegraph. UTruman wabhekisa kwidayari yakhe “kumnxeba osuka ku-Jap Emperor ecela uxolo.” Umongameli uTruman waziswa ngemijelo yaseSwitzerland kunye namaPhuthukezi ngoxolo lweJapan kwinyanga ezintathu phambi kukaHiroshima. I-Japan yayingavumi ukunikezela ngokungakhathaleliyo kwaye yanikezela umlawuli wayo, kodwa i-United States yanyanzelisa ezo zinto de kube emva kokuwa kweebhombu, ngelo xesha ivumela iJapan ukuba igcine umlawuli wayo.

Umcebisi kamongameli uJames Byrnes uxelele uTruman ukuba ukuphosa iibhombu kuzakwenza ukuba i-United States "ixele imigqibelo yokuphelisa imfazwe." Unobhala we-Navy James Forrestal wabhala kwidayari yakhe ukuba u-Byrnes waye "xhalabisa kakhulu ukufumana amaJapan athandana naye. Phambi kokuba iRussia ingene. ”UTruman wabhala kwidayari yakhe ukuba amaSoviet alungiselela ukuya eJapan kunye no“ Fini Japs xa oko kusenzeka. ”Enjani yona intlekele. Kwakutheni ukuze iUnited States ihlasele iFrance? Kuba ibisoyika ukuba amaRussia ayakuthatha eyabo iBerlin. Kwakutheni ukuze i-United States ibe lilizwe laseJapan? Kuba isoyikisa ukuba amaRussia ayakwenza nje oko bakwenzileyo kwaye azise unikezele eJapan.

UTruman wayalela ukuba ibhombu yehle eHiroshima ngo-Agasti 6th nolunye uhlobo lwebhombu, ibhombu ye-plutonium, ethi nomkhosi nayo ifuna ukuyivavanya kwaye ibonise, eNagasaki ngomhla ka-Agasti 9th. Kwakhona ngo-Agasti 9th, amaSoviet ahlasela amaJapan. Kwiiveki ezimbini ezilandelayo, amaSoviet abulala i-84,000 yaseJapan ngelixa aphulukana ne-12,000 yamajoni awo, kwaye i-United States yaqhubeka nokubetha iJapan ngezixhobo ezingezizo zenyukliya. Emva koko amaJapan anikezela.

Ukuba kukho isizathu sokusebenzisa izixhobo zenyukliya yintsomi. Into yokuba kunokubakho kwakhona isizathu sokusebenzisa izixhobo zenyukliya yintsomi. Ukuthi singasinda kusetyenziswe izixhobo zenyukliya yintsomi. Ukuba kukho isizathu sokuvelisa kunye neengalo zenyukliya nangona ungasayi kuzisebenzisa kububudenge kakhulu nokuba yintsomi. Kwaye ukuba singasinda ngonaphakade sinazo kwaye siphucula izixhobo zenyukliya ngaphandle komntu ozisebenzisayo ngabom okanye sizisebenzisa ngengozi kububuyatha obuqinisekileyo.

Enye intsomi yeyokuba akukho mfazwe. Ndicinga ukuba ngamanye amaxesha sithanda ukucinga ukuba i-United States kunye ne-NATO banokuqhubeka ngokungenasiphelo kunye neemfazwe zabo kunye neziseko kunye nokugrogriswa kokubhukuqwa, kodwa ngezixhobo zenyukliya ziye zavalwa kwaye zapheliswa emhlabeni. Ayisiyonyani le. Awungekhe uyitshabalalise i-Iraq neLibya, ushiye i-North Korea exhobile, kwaye ufune imfazwe nxamnye ne-Iran engenamkhosi oxhobileyo, ungasathethi ke nge-Syria, Yemen, Somalia, njl. Njl. Ngaphandle kokuthumela umyalezo onamandla. Ukuba i-Iran ihlala iqhutywa ngempumelelo ukufumana izixhobo zenyukliya, kwaye ne-Saudi Arabia inikwa ngokunjalo, kuphela kwihlabathi elinoxolo abayi kuthi babanike. I-Russia ne China azisoze zinikezele ngezixhobo zenyukliya de i-United States iyeke ukusongela imfazwe- yinyukliya okanye ngenye indlela. I-Israel ayinakuze inikezele ngezixhobo zenyukliya ngaphandle kokuba iyaqala ukubanjwa kwimigangatho efanayo yezomthetho njengezinye izizwe.

UKUGULA

Ngoku makhe siqwalasele ukuthula. Uninzi lokuphakanyiswa kweentsomi kwenzeka ngasemva. Yakhelwe kwiinoveli kunye neefilimu, iincwadi zembali kunye ne-CNN. Kodwa ubukho obugqithisileyo bukuzolile. Izikolo ziqala ukufundisa ulwazi olusisiseko malunga ne-ecosystems, ukuwa kwemozulu, kunye nokuzinza. Kodwa bangaphi abafundi bezikolo eziphakamileyo okanye zekholeji abanokukuxelela ukuba zokwenza ziphi izixhobo zenyukliya, zingaphi zazo, zingoobani, okanye zingaphi izihlandlo eziphantse ukusibulala sonke. Nokuba sihambisa izikhumbuzo ebukhobokeni kunye nohlanga ngokuzigcina kumaziko olondolozo lwembali, ngaba akukho namnye kuzo oya kutshintshwa ngumfanekiso weVasily Arkhipov? Ndiyayithandabuza kakhulu kwaye ndiyathandabuza nokuba ndizama ukucinga ukuba ngubani uRachel Maddow oya kugxeka uphuhliso olunje.

Kwizigebenga zombini esijongene nazo, zeentlekele zenyukliya kunye neyemozulu, kungcono ukuba abantu abaqala ukukuthatha ngokungathí sina yile nto ifuna utshintsho olukhulu kwindlela yokuziphatha. Akukho mntu uya kuphila ngokwahlukileyo konke konke ukuba siya kuphulukana nezixhobo zenyukliya. Ngapha koko, sonke sinokuthi siphile ngcono nangakumbi ngandlela zonke ukuba sithe sabuya umva okanye saphelisa iziko lemfazwe. Kuyinto engaqhelekanga ukuba sahlule iingozi ezimbini, xa umlo ungunobangela omkhulu wokuwa kwendalo kunye nokuba ngumthombo ongafunekiyo wamanqanaba enkxaso-mali kwiNdawo esiDalileyo yoNcedo kwi-steroids. Ingxaki kukuba ukwahlula kwenziwa ikakhulu ngokuzithulisa. Akukho mntu uthetha ngesongelo senyukliya. Xa iTheRealNews.com kutsha nje ibuze iRhuluneli Inslee ukuba angayinciphisa na imikhosi ukuze akhusele imeko-bume, impendulo yakhe emide yema ku ngu-Hayi, kodwa imeko yayo engalungiswanga yadlulisela le ngongoma ibaluleke kakhulu: mhlawumbi ngekhe iphinde ibekho.

Ibhulethini yezeNzululwazi zeAtomic ibeka uMhla weDooms kufutshane ezinzulwini zobusuku njengoko bekusoloko kunjalo. Abezopolitiko abadla umhlala-phantsi bathi masenze ngokungxamisekileyo. Uninzi lwamazwe angekho phantsi kwenyukliya emhlabeni acebisa ukuba abarhanelwa bavinjelwe ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa nangoku kuthe cwaka. Kukuthi cwaka kugcinwe ukungavisisani, ngokungathandabuzeki kobuzwe, ukuthanda inzuzo, nokungabikho kobunkokeli okanye iqela elikhulu lezopolitiko okanye iqela elithile. NgoJuni, iiNkokheli eziDibeneyo zaBasebenzi zithumele kwi-Intanethi emva koko zasusa ngokukhawuleza uxwebhu olwalusithi "Ukusebenzisa izixhobo zenyukliya kungadala iimeko zesiphumo kunye nokubuyiselwa kozinzo lobuchule. . . . Ngokukodwa, ukusetyenziswa kwesixhobo senyukliya kuya kutshintsha umda wedabi kwaye kuvelise iimeko ezichaphazela indlela abaphathi abaza kuphumelela ngayo kungquzulwano. Ngamanye amagama, ababambisi bemikhosi babephethe ii-lobotomies, kodwa sithe cwaka ukuthula.

Kunye nokuthula kuhamba kukungabinandawo, ingcinga yokuba zizikhatyelo njengeyonakhondo iphantsi kwezomkhosi, indawo yalabo bangenayo amabhongo okanye nokuba nesidima. Oku kufanele ukuba koyikise umhlaba ngakumbi kunalo naluphi na olunye uloyiko. Elinye ixesha apho iCongress ibibambe iindlebe malunga nengozi yokubhuqiswa komhlaba yinyukliya yayiphela emva kokuba uTrump esongele iNorth Korea ngomlilo nangobushushu. Amalungu eCongress ayekwisivumelwano esinye esibonisa ukuba abanamandla okuthintela umongameli ukuba aqalise imfazwe yenyukliya. Andikhumbuli nokuba igama elithi impeachment lalithethile. ICongress ibuyele emsebenzini wayo wesiqhelo, ngokunjalo ke nakwindaba zekhebula.

Kungenzeka ukuba ukuba umongameli wayila izixhobo zenyukliya eblue kwaye wathi uza kuzisebenzisa, ekugqibeleni ngesele siyifumene into eyayibonwa ngathi ayinakuphumelela. Kuyinyani ukuba ukuba uTrump asongele intatheli kwikhamera umpu abantu abaninzi bebeya kusabela ngandlela thile. Kodwa ukoyikisa izigidi zabantu kwaye ngokunokwenzeka lonke uluntu, kulungile, ho hum. Sithe cwaka ukuze silondoloze, uyazi.

Ngethamsanqa, kukho abantu abophula ukuthula. IZiko leZantsi laseGlowo liyaphula ukuthula kwaye libonisa ukuzukiswa kwezixhobo eSeattle Seafair, kwaye ngomso kusasa kwiziko eliphantsi kolwandle iTrident - fumana uqeqesho lwakho lokungaziphathi kakuhle ngale mvakwemini! Ukuya kwinkundla yaseGeorgia ngabakhwetha abasixhenxe abasebenza nzima bekhuselekile e-King Bay Naval Submarine Base ngo-Epreli 4th. Kule nyanga iphelileyo abagqugquzeli boxolo kwihlabathi liphela bahambisa ukuyekiswa kunye nokuyeka ukuya kwi-Buchel Air Base eJamani eyalela ukuba abatshana ngokungekho mthethweni bagcinwe apho njengoko kufunwa ngumthetho.

Kule nyanga iphelileyo, i-US House of Representatives yadlulisela izilungiso ezininzi kwi-National Security Authorization Act, kubandakanya isibini esinqingayo ukwakhiwa kwezixhobo zenyukliya, uthintelo lwento enye yokuthintela Isivumelwano se-INF, kunye neso ekufuneka siphelise izixhobo eSeattle. I-Seafair njengengxamiseko yokuphelisa naziphi na izixhobo zokwenza izixhobo zikaDonald Trump ngomhla wesine kaJulayi. Kwakukho izilungiso ezidluliselwe ukuphela kunye nokuthintela iimfazwe ezahlukeneyo. Nabani na ocinga ukuba babekhwaza bangena kwigumbi lokuhlala, nantsi iNdlu yabaMeli ipela uluhlu olude lweemfuno zethu. Kodwa ezo mfuno kufuneka zijongane ne-senate, Mongameli, kunye nabaxhasi bephulo. Kukho indlela elula yokuthumela i-imeyile kuMmeli wakho kunye neeSeneta malunga noku kwiRootsAction.org.

PROPAGANDA

Ayisiyonto ingxolo yonke. Makhe sivavanye okomzuzu ingxaki yesithathu neyokugqibela endiyidwelileyo, eyile. I-Iran ibisebenza iminyaka eyakha isixhobo senyukliya. I-Russia yathimba iCrimea kwaye yakhetha umongameli wase-US. INorth Korea sisisongelo esingacwangciswanga e-United States. Abantu abagcina umthetho kufuneka babhukuqe ubuzwilakhe baseVenezuela kwaye bafake umongameli ofanelekileyo wentlawulelo. Sinoxanduva lokuqhubeka nokwenza iAfghanistan ukuba ibe sisihogo esiphilayo kuba izinto zinokuhamba kakubi ukuba imikhosi yase-US ishiyekile. Ngumkhosi wakho. Luxanduva lwakho. Kukuzimela okude okuvela kwamanye amazwe, njengoko unokuxela igama lale mveliso: ishishini lezokhuselo. I-United States ayinakho ukubandakanyeka kwi-espionage okanye ubugrogrisi, kuphela i-anti-espionage kunye ne-anti-terrorism - ezichasene nento abayiyo, njengoko unokuxela ngamagama. Kodwa i-whistleblowers yaseMelika iyabandakanyeka kwi-espionage kwaye kufuneka iboshwe ukuze ikhusele inkululeko yeendaba. Akukho mntu apha unokukhathazwa ziinkqubo zokhuseleko lwe-missile ezinemida yaseCanada naseMexico- emva kwayo yonke loo nto baya kuzikhusela. Ke yintoni ingxaki yaseRussia? Ukuba iRussia ihlala isilela ukuthobela izivumelwano ngeendlela ezingachazwanga kunye nezingaqinisekiswanga, i-United States kuya kufuneka iqhubeke nokwabelana ngezo mvumelwano ukuze kulungelwe izivumelwano. Ukuba i-United States ibingalahlani izixhobo zayo zenyukliya, amaKorea aseNyakatho aya kuthi azimele izihlandlo ezihlanu, afike apha, asithabathele yonke into eseleyo kwinkululeko.

Ipropaganda bubugcisa bokunxiba i-paranoia ukudlala indima yoxanduva.

Isinye kwisithathu se-US kuvoto lwakutshanje siyakuxhasa ukubulala iNyakatho Korea kunye nokubulala abantu abamsulwa abasisigidi - kunye nenani labantu abangenacala. Oko kubonisa ukungazi kakhulu ukuba isenzo esinjalo sinokuluchaphazela njani ilizwe laseMelika. Ikwacebisa ubuhlanya ekuhlaleni obuveliswa bubuchule bobuxoki. Ukanti mhlawumbi luphuculo kwiipesenti zabantu baseMelika ababezimisele ukubulala isigidi sabantu baseJapan ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini. Kwaye uluntu lwase-US, kwi-polls, lujika ngokuthe ngcembe ngokuchasene nokuqhushumba kwe-Hiroshima ne-Nagasaki, okubonisa amandla anokubakho ngelinye ilanga ukuphikisa ukuphindaphinda kwabo.

A ENew York Times I-op-ed ngoJulayi 1st yacaciswa "I-Iran Ibaleka Ukwakha Isixhobo seNyukliya-ke uTrump Akakwazi Ukuyiyeka." Ungaze ukhumbule ukuba uTrump wenze yonke into enokwenziwa ngumntu ofuna i-Iran yakhe isixhobo senyukliya, elona bali likufutshane Kuqala kwathethwa ngesihloko esithi umbono woluqikelelo lombhali "phantse ngokuqinisekileyo uthetha ukuba [i-Iran] izakuzakhela iarhente yenyukliya." Ukuba ndingabhala u-op ndicacisa ukuba kwixa elizayo uSeattle uza kuzalisa. Izitalato zayo zine-coffee kunye ne-gondola, ndiyakuqinisekisa ENew York Times Ngekhe ndibethwe yintloko kuyo xa ifundeka "uSeattle Uyakhawuleza Ukwakha IiCan zeKofu - kwaye uTrump akakwazi ukuKumisa." Ndiyathemba ukuba isihloko esithi "UGuy Wenza Ingqikelelo eNgenasiseko."

Ubuxoki esixelelwa ngabo malunga neemfazwe zihlala zibanzi kwaye zihlala zithetha malunga nexesha elidlulileyo okanye elidala iimfazwe. Kodwa kukwakho ubuxoki obusetyenziselwa ukuqalisa imfazwe nganye. Ziyimfuneko, yesidingo, ubuxoki malunga nokungxamiseka. Ukuba imfazwe ayiqalwa ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo, kukho ingozi yoxolo. Inye into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kobu buxoki kukuba bahlala bephendula umbuzo ongalunganga. Ngaba i-Iraq inezixhobo? Akukho mpendulo kuloo mbuzo ixhasa imfazwe, ngokusemthethweni, ngokuziphatha, okanye ngenye indlela. Kwiminyaka elishumi elinambini emva kwetyala, wonke umntu eWashington DC, ngaphandle kwearhente zokuhlola, ngempazamo bavuma ukuba i-Iran inenkqubo yezixhobo zenyukliya, kwaye ingxoxo-mpikiswano yaguqukela ekubeni yimfazwe okanye kwisivumelwano esifana nesivumelwano. Ngaba i-Iran yaphosa phantsi idrone okanye yahlasela inqanawa kwiPersian Gulf? Le yimibuzo enomdla kodwa ayisebenzi ekuqinisekiseni iimfazwe.

Nantsi enye: Ngaba le mfazwe ivunyelwe yiCongress? Ewe sifuna iCongress ikhusele iimfazwe zikamongameli nangaliphi na ixesha eya kuthanda. Kodwa ndiyakucela nceda, ndiyakucela, uyeke ukuba uchasa iimfazwe ezingagunyaziswanga ngokungathi imfazwe egunyazisiweyo izakuba ngcono okanye ibe semthethweni ngakumbi okanye ibe nokuziphatha ngakumbi. Khawufane ucinge ngeCanada ehlasela iSeattle ngebhombu eqhekezayo. Ngubani ongavolontiya ukukhupha iibhombu kwiinzame zokufumana umntu onike idama ukuba ingaba iNkulumbuso okanye iPalamente inoxanduva?

Ingxaki enye yokuqalisa iimfazwe kukuba zinokuphindaphindeka zibekho kwiimfazwe zenyukliya. Olunye kukuba nayiphi na imfazwe, xa sele iqalile, kunzima kakhulu ukuyiyeka kunokuba ibinokuthintelwa. Oku kungenxa yokusasazeka kwe-Troopism. Sinesininzi samagqala athi iimfazwe zase-Iraq nase-Afghanistan bezingaze ziqaliswe, njengoninzi lomntu wonke. Okwangoku sinamalungu eCongress anenjongo yokuqhubeka neemfazwe ukwenza into ebizwa ngokuba “nokuxhasa imikhosi.”

Ukuthintela iimfazwe yindlela eya kuyo. Imfazwe e-Iran yathintelwa amatyeli aliqela, kwaye ukunyuka okukhulu nxamnye neSyria kwathintelwa kwi-2013.

Ukuthintela iimfazwe zenyukliya ngokuqinisekileyo yindlela ekufanele uhambe ngayo, okanye kunokuba yindlela engahambiyo - indlela yokuhlala uphilile.

Kodwa ukuba sicinga ngemfazwe nganye ecetywayo njengemfazwe yenyukliya enokubakho, kunokuba lula ngathi ukuba siqonde ukuba akukho sizathu saza sazinikelwa ngenxa yemfazwe. Ngelixa ngandlela ithile sinokukholelwa ukuba olunye ulwaphulo-mthetho lubeka ityala elona likhulu ngakumbi, asinako ukweyiseka ukuba libonisa isizathu sokuba litshabalale.

Ngonyaka we-2000, i-CIA yenze i-Iran (i-slightly and obviously flawed) iiplani zecandelo eliphambili kwisixhobo senukliya. Ku2006 uJames Risen wabhala malunga nale "ntsebenzo" kwincwadi yakhe Umbuso weMfazwe. Kwi-2015, iUnited States ityhutshisa umntu owayengummeli we-CIA, uJeffrey Sterling, ngenxa yokuthi wayeye wavula ibali ekuphumeni kwakhe. Kwixesha lokutshutshiswa, iCIA zikarhulumente Intambo ephinde yahlelwa ngokutsha eyabonisa ukuba kamsinya nje emva kokunikezela nge-Iran, i-CIA yayiqalise iinzame zokwenza okufanayo nase-Iraq.

Asinakho indlela yokukwazi uluhlu olupheleleyo lwamazwe urhulumente wase-US unikele izicwangciso zezixhobo zenyukliya. Ixilongo ngoku kunika nyukliya okufihliweyo ukuya eSaudi Arabia ngokuchasene nesiVumelwano sokuNgena kuRhulumente, umthetho we-Atomic Energy Act, intando yeCongress, isifungo sakhe soburhulumente, kunye nengqondo eqhelekileyo. Oku kuziphatha okungenani kungangqinwa njengenkxaso mali yefosili okanye imfuyo, kodwa ke kuphi ubushushu? Ngokuyintloko kugxile ekubulaweni kweSaudi enye Washington Post intatheli. Ukuba ubuncinci sinokuthi sibe nomgaqo-nkqubo wokunganikeli izixhobo zenyukliya koorhulumente ababulala Washington Post iintatheli ezingaba yinto.

Ngeli xesha izizwe ze-70 zisayine kwaye i-23 iqinisekisile isivumelwano kwi-Prohibition yezixhobo zenyukliya. Kufuneka siqhubeke nokwakha inkxaso yoko kwihlabathi jikelele naphakathi kwamazwe enyukliya. Kodwa kufuneka ibe yinxalenye yeenzame zethu zokuphelisa yonke imfazwe kunye nokupheliswa kweziko lonke lemfazwe. Akunjalo kuba sibawile, kodwa kungenxa yeyona ndlela kuphela esiya kuphumelela ngayo. Umhlaba ongenazo ii-nukes kodwa ngomatshini obuye wakhona awunakwenzeka. UMikhail Gorbachev ubhale kwiminyaka emithathu eyadlulayo ukuba ixesha lifikile lokuba kupheliswe inyukliya, "kodwa ingathathelwa ingqalelo into enokwenzeka ukuba, emva kokurhangisa umhlaba wezixhobo zentshabalalo, elinye ilizwe lingahlala liphethe izixhobo eziqhelekileyo kunezinye. phantse onke amanye amazwe ehlabathi ahlanganisene? Ukuba ibinokuphakama ngokupheleleyo komkhosi wehlabathi? . . . Ndizakutsho ngokungagungqiyo ukuba ithemba elinjalo liya kuba ngumqobo ongenakuphikiswa ekuvumeni umhlaba ngezixhobo zenyukliya. Xa singawusebenzisi umba wokupheliswa okuthe gabalala kwezopolitiko zehlabathi, ukuncitshiswa kohlahlo-lwabiwo mali, kuyeke ukuphuculwa kwezixhobo ezitsha, ukuthintelwa kwempi kwezomhlaba, konke okuthetha ngehlabathi elingena nyukliya akunakuphela. ”

Ngamanye amagama, kufuneka sigqibezele ukubulala abantu ngokungenanjongo ngaphandle kwezixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo, ingaba yinyukliya, ikhemikhali, ibhayoloji, indibano, okanye amandla abizwa ngokuba zizono kunye nezobhloka. Umbono esihlakulele kuwo World BEYOND War Ayisiyo imfazwe inezixhobo ezifanelekileyo, nangaphezu kokuba sinombono wokudlwengulwa koluntu okanye ukuhlupheka kwabantwana. Kukho izinto ezingenakuguqulwa, ekufuneka zichithwe. Imfazwe yenye yezo zinto.