NguMateyu Hoh, ngo-Epreli 21, 2020
ukusuka Uluhlu lwezahlulo
Ukuzisa iKhaya loMlo woTshaba; Iintaba Ziyacula Ngu Nguyen Phan Que Mai
Ndazalwa kufutshane neNew York City ngonyaka we-1973, unyaka apho iUnited States yaphela khona imfazwe eVietnam kwaye ibuyise ikhaya lokugqibela kumkhosi wayo wokulwa. Imfazwe yaseVietnam, eyaziwa ngokuba yiVietnam njengeMfazwe yaseMelika, yayihlala iyinto esuswa kum, ndakuba ndifunda imbali emva kwembali, ndibukele amaxwebhu kunye, njengegosa laseManzini Corps, ndaphanda iikopi zemibhalo yemfazwe yaseMarine Corps. Ngaphandle koko imfazwe ibisilwela esinye isithuba seminyaka embalwa emva kokuzalwa kwam kubantu baseVietnam, ukuba abantu baseCambodia naseLaos babulawa ngokubaninzi nokubulawa kwam ngexa ndiseyinkwenkwe, nanamhlanje, njengokuba ndiyindoda ngoku Iintsapho ezifika emva kwexesha, zombini iVietnam kunye neentsapho zaseMelika, ezigidini, zibulawa kukukhubazeka ngenxa yeetyhefu nezisisigxina zeAgent Orange, singasathethi ke ngamawaka abo babulawa baphazanyiswe minyaka le ngenxa yembuyekezo engafakwanga yezigidi zeetoni zase-US. Iibhombu zaphoswa eCambodia, eLaos naseVietnam, imfazwe yayingenampembelelo incinci kum. Nokuba ndinganxibelelana njani ngoku neVietnam ezininzi zaseVietnam kunye namava am okudibana kwamalungu osapho aphulukene nabayeni, ootata kunye nabantakwabo kuAgent Orange, unxibelelwano emfazweni eVietnam ebomini bam kunye namava am emfazweni e-Afghanistan naseIraq. ibizizifundiswa nje okanye ithiyori.
Kwangonyaka endazalwa ngawo Nguyen Phan Que Mai wazalwa emantla eVietnam. Njengayo yonke iVietnam, uQue Mai uza kuba namava eMfazwe yaseMelika, uhlobo lwayo olukude, ukwenziwa kwayo ngokungathandabuzekiyo kunye nokuza kwayo emva, ngokwembonakalo yobuqu. Nge-Que Mai imfazwe yayiya ngqo kwaye ngokungathanga ngqo kwingcambu yazo zonke izinto, akukho nto inokuqulunqwa okanye iboniswe ngaphandle kwento ethile yokuhambela imfazwe. Imfazwe kuzo zonke izinto, iyinyani kubo bonke abantu baseVietnam, yayiyinyani kuphela kwabo baseMelika, nakwiintsapho zabo, bathunyelwa babulala kwaye babulawa kwidabi lomlo wobukoloniyali obabusemva kwexesha kunye neCold War hysteria. UQue Mai uzakusebenza ukuze aphile njengomlimi kunye nomthengisi wasesitratweni iminyaka emininzi de inkqubo yokufunda yamthumela e-Australia ukuya kufunda. Ukusuka e-Australia wayeya kuqala umsebenzi wokuphuhlisa ukuphucula ubomi babantu hayi eVietnam, kodwa kulo lonke elaseAsia. UQue Mai uza kuqalisa ngenkqubo yokubhala eyakufaka igalelo ngokulinganayo ekuphiliseni nasekuvuseleleni emfazweni, kanye njengokuba umsebenzi wophuhliso awayethatha kuwo wawukhokela.
Iintaba Ziyacula yincwadi yesithoba kaQue Mai kunye nencwadi yokuqala ngesiNgesi. Yinoveli yosapho olunye lokuzama ukusinda kumantla eVietnam ukusuka kwiMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi kwiminyaka edlulileyo emva kokoyiswa kukarhulumente waseVietnam waseNyakatho. Yincwadi efumene uphononongo lwe-rave ngabahlaziyi abohlukeneyo njenge ENew York Times, abavakalisi Weekly, kwaye Iphepha lencwadi, kwaye ine-4.5 kunye ne-4.9 amanqaku kwi Iincwadi zokufunda kwaye Amazon, ukuze izimvo zam zingabonisi mpawu ziimpawu ezintle zika-Que Mai okanye indlela eyothusayo kunye nephepha lokuguqula ibali. Endaweni yoko, ndifuna ukuthi kubantu base-US bafunde le ncwadi ukuze baqonde oko thina e-US sikwenzile kuninzi olungaphandle kwe-US.
Kwiminyaka emininzi ngoku, xa babuzwa ukuba zeziphi iincwadi ekufuneka zifundwe ukuze kuqondwe iimfazwe zase-US ezikhoyo kwilizwe lamaSilamsi, ndiye ndacebisa iincwadi ezimbini, nokuba zithini malunga neemfazwe ezikhoyo kunye nobabini malunga neVietnam: UDavid Halberstam Okona kuqaqambe kakhulu Neil Nee Sheehan's Ubuxoki obuqaqambileyo. Funda ezi ncwadi ndizithetha ebantwini kwaye uya kusiqonda isizathu sokuba i-US kwezi mfazwe kwaye kutheni le mfazwe ingapheli. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ncwadi zithetha kancinci malunga nabantu beemfazwe: amava abo, ukubandezeleka, uloyiso kunye nobukho. Njengokwenza kukaHalberstam noShehan ngokuqonda i-US kwezi mfazwe, kunjalo uQue Mai ngokwenzela ukuqonda kwabantu abaphantsi, ukuxhaphaza, ukubetha kunye nokubunjwa ngabo.
Kwakukho amatyeli aliqela ngelixa ufunda Iintaba Ziyacula Ndacinga ngokuma. Isizathu sokuba ndicaphuke kwaye ndothuswe yincwadi ebhalwe kum njengoko ndifunda amazwi kaQue Mai malunga nosapho (nangona iyinoveli inokuqondwa ukuba yathathelwa ingqalelo enkulu kwimbali yosapho) yavuselela iinkumbulo zabantu abaninzi base-Iraq nase-Afghans Ndiyazi, uninzi lusemazweni asekhaya, uninzi lwalo lusaphila kwaye lusinda ngokuqhubeka kwemfazwe okanye mhlawumbi kungenye ikhefu. Ndinetyala ngenxa yeemfazwe, into endithathe inxaxheba kuyo, nento esiyenze njengesizwe kwizigidi ezininzi zabamsulwa, iqhuba umbono wam wokuzibulala, njengoko isenza njalo namanye amagqala amaninzi aseMelika. Ke ngoku kufanele ukuba…
Intoni Iintaba Ziyacula Iinkcukacha kwaye ichaza ngemfazwe, hayi nje iinkcukacha zentlungu, ukoyikeka, ukungabi nto yanto, ukuvavanywa kunye nentsingiselo yalo, kodwa ngeziphumo ezihlala zihleli kwizizukulwana, kwiimfuno ezihlala zihleli zedini, kunye nokwenziwa kwezopolitiko, inkcubeko kunye nentlalo-ntle egqibeleleyo. , ayipheleli kumava aseVietnam, kodwa ifikelela kubo bonke abachukunyiswe ngamandla kunye neempembelelo zemfazwe. Ngokuqinisekileyo kukho izinto kunye nezinto ze Iintaba Ziyacula ezichaziweyo kumava aseVietnam, kanye njengoko kukho izinto kunye nezinto ezithile kwiimfazwe zase-Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, Pakistan, Somalia, Syria nase-Yemen ezahlukileyo kwilizwe ngalinye. Ukanti nakulo mahluko, kukho ubunye, njengonobangela wemfazwe, isizathu sezinto ezinjalo, kuthi, yi-US.
UQue Mai ubhale incwadi engaphelelwa lixesha yosizi kunye nelahleko, kunye nokuphumelela kunye noloyiso. Nokuba uyazi okanye uQue Mai uthethile kwizizukulwana ezingaphandle kweVietnam, izigidi ngezigidi zabantu ibhombu ngaphandle, zabekwa phantsi komhlaba, zanyanzeleka ukuba zibaleke kwaye zinqwenele ukuphila; abantu abaphambeneyo kodwa bazimisele kumnqweno wabo wokuba banganeli nje ukusinda kwaye baphile kodwa ekugqibeleni baphume kwaye batshintshe umatshini wemfazwe waseMelika. Yincwadi yabaseMelika nabo. Ayisisibuko ngathi nangayiphi na indlela, kodwa iwindow, umbono kwinto esiyenzileyo kwaye siqhubeka ukuyenza kubantu abaninzi kwihlabathi liphela, ukususela ngaphambili xa ndandisemncinci ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ekukhuleni kwam.
