NguDavid Swanson, World BEYOND War, Februwari 5, 2023
UDavid Swanson ngumbhali wencwadi entsha Imfundiso kaMonroe kwi-200 kunye nento onokuyitshintsha ngayo.
Imfundiso kaMonroe yaxoxwa okokuqala phantsi kweli gama njengesizathu semfazwe yase-US eMexico eyasusa umda osentshona wase-US emazantsi, yaginya amazwe anamhlanje eCalifornia, Nevada, nase-Utah, uninzi lweNew Mexico, iArizona neColorado, iindawo zaseTexas, eOklahoma, eKansas, naseWyoming. Kwakungekokuba abanye babengathanda ukuwushenxisa umda.
Imfazwe eyintlekele kwiiPhilippines nayo yakhula kwimfazwe yeMonroe-Doctrine-justified against Spain (kunye neCuba nePuerto Rico) kwiCaribbean. Kwaye i-impiriyalizim yehlabathi yayikukwandiswa okugudileyo kweMfundiso kaMonroe.
Kodwa kubhekiswa kwiLatin America ukuba iMfundiso yeMonroe ihlala icatshulwa namhlanje, kwaye iMfundiso yeMonroe ibingundoqo kuhlaselo lwase-US kubamelwane bayo basemazantsi iminyaka engama-200. Ebudeni bezi nkulungwane, amaqela kunye nabantu ngabanye, kubandakanywa iinkcuba-buchopho zaseLatin America, bobabini bayichasile imfundiso kaMonroe yokuthetheleleka kwe-impiriyalizim kwaye bafuna ukuphikisa ukuba iMfundiso kaMonroe kufuneka itolikwe njengokukhuthaza ukuba yedwa kunye ne-multilateralism. Zombini ezi ndlela azikhange ziphumelele. Ungenelelo lwase-US luye lwehla kwaye lwahamba kodwa aluzange lume.
Ukuthandwa kweMfundiso kaMonroe njengendawo eyisalathiso kwintetho yase-US, eye yaphakama yaya kutsho kwindawo ephakamileyo ngenkulungwane ye-19, yafikelela kwinqanaba leSibhengezo seNkululeko okanye uMgaqo-siseko, ngokuyinxenye inokuba ngumbulelo ngenxa yokungacaci kwayo kunye nokuphepha kwayo. yokubophelela urhulumente wase-US kuyo nayiphi na into ethile, ngelixa evakala ngathi uyindoda. Njengoko amaxesha ahlukeneyo esongeza "iingxelo" kunye neetoliko zabo, abahlalutyi banokukhusela inguqulelo yabo abayithandayo kwabanye. Kodwa umxholo obalaseleyo, ngaphambili nangaphezulu emva kukaTheodore Roosevelt, ubusoloko ubu impiriyali ebalaseleyo.
Uninzi lwefilibustering fiasco eCuba kudala yandulela iBay of Pigs SNAFU. Kodwa xa kufikwa ekubalekeni kweegringos ezinekratshi, akukho sampulu yamabali eya kugqitywa ngaphandle kwebali elikhethekileyo kodwa elityhilayo likaWilliam Walker, ifilibusterer eyazenza umongameli waseNicaragua, ethwele emazantsi ulwandiso olwalusenziwa ngabangaphambili abanjengoDaniel Boone entshona. . I-Walker ayikho imbali yeCIA eyimfihlo. I-CIA yayingekabikho. Ngexesha le-1850s i-Walker inokuba ifumene ingqalelo engakumbi kumaphephandaba ase-US kunaye nawuphi na umongameli wase-US. Kwiintsuku ezine ezahlukeneyo, i ENew York Times wanikela lonke iphepha layo eliphambili kwimidlalo yakhe. Into yokuba abantu abaninzi abakuMbindi Merika bayalazi igama lakhe yaye akukho mntu uyaziyo eUnited States lukhetho olwenziwa ziinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zemfundo.
Akukho mntu eUnited States onoluvo lokuba wayengubani uWilliam Walker akalingani namntu e-United States esazi ukuba kukho ubhukuqo-mbuso e-Ukraine ngo-2014. . Ndiya kulinganisa ngokusondeleyo kwiminyaka eyi-20 ukususela ngoku akukho mntu uyazi ukuba kukho imfazwe ye-20 e-Iraq ukuba uGeorge W. Bush waxelela naluphi na ubuxoki. I-Walker yayiziindaba ezinkulu ezacinywayo.
U-Walker wafumana umyalelo womkhosi waseMntla waseMelika ekucingelwa ukuba uncedisa elinye lamaqela amabini alwayo eNicaragua, kodwa eneneni wenza oko kwakhethwa nguWalker, okubandakanya ukubamba isixeko saseGranada, ngokufanelekileyo ukulawula ilizwe, kwaye ekugqibeleni ebambe ukhetho olukhohlisayo lwakhe. . UWalker wafumana umsebenzi wokutshintshela ubunini bomhlaba kwiigringos, esungula ubukhoboka, nokwenza isiNgesi sibe lulwimi olusemthethweni. Amaphephandaba asemazantsi e-US abhale ngeNicaragua njengelizwe lase-US elizayo. Kodwa u-Walker wakwazi ukwenza utshaba lweVanderbilt, kunye nokumanyanisa uMbindi Merika kunanini na ngaphambili, ukunqumla imibutho yezopolitiko kunye nemida yelizwe, ngokuchasene naye. Ngurhulumente wase-US kuphela owathi “akakhethi cala.” Ukoyisiwe, u-Walker wamkelwa kwakhona e-United States njengeqhawe eloyisayo. Wazama kwakhona eHonduras ngo-1860 waza waphela wathinjwa yiBritane, wajikela eHonduras, waza wadutyulwa liqela lokudubula. Amajoni akhe abuyiselwa eUnited States apho ajoyina kakhulu uMkhosi woMkhosi.
UWalker wayeshumayele ivangeli yemfazwe. “Ngabaqhubi kuphela,” watsho, “abathetha ngokuseka ubudlelwane obuzinzileyo phakathi kohlanga lwaseMelika olumhlophe olusulungekileyo, njengoko lukho eUnited States, kunye nohlanga oluxubeneyo lwamaHispano-Indian, njengoko lukho eMexico nakuMbindi Merika, ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwamandla.” Umbono kaWalker wawunqulwa kwaye wawubhiyozelwa ngamajelo eendaba ase-US, singasathethi ke ngomboniso weBroadway.
Abafundi base-US abafane bafundiswe ukuba ingakanani impiriyali yase-US ukuya eMzantsi ukuya kutsho ngeminyaka yoo-1860 yayimalunga nokwandisa ubukhoboka, okanye yayithintelwe kangakanani lucalucalulo lwase-US olwalungafuni abantu abangaba “mhlophe,” abangathethi isiNgesi bajoyine iUnited. States.
UJosé Martí wabhala kwiphephandaba laseBuenos Aires egxeka iMonroe Doctrine njengohanahaniso yaye etyhola iUnited States ngokusebenzisa “inkululeko . . . ngeenjongo zokuhlutha ezinye iintlanga kuwo.”
Nangona kubalulekile ukuba ungakholelwa ukuba impiriyali yase-US yaqala ngo-1898, indlela abantu base-United States ababecinga ngayo nge-imperialism yase-US yatshintsha ngo-1898 kunye neminyaka elandelayo. Ngoku kwakukho amanzi amaninzi phakathi kwelizwe kunye namathanga kunye nezinto zalo. Bekukho inani elikhulu labantu abangabonwa "bamhlophe" abahlala ngaphantsi kweeflegi zase-US. Kwaye kubonakala ukuba kwakungasekho mfuneko yokuhlonela umhlaba wonke ngokuqonda igama elithi “America” ukuze lisetyenziswe kumazwe angaphezu kwesinye. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iUnited States of America yayidla ngokubizwa ngokuba yiUnited States okanye iManyano. Ngoku yaba yiMelika. Ke, ukuba ucinga ukuba ilizwe lakho elincinci liseMelika, kungcono ulumke!
UDavid Swanson ngumbhali wencwadi entsha Imfundiso kaMonroe kwi-200 kunye nento onokuyitshintsha ngayo.
