NguDavid Swanson, Oktobha 1, 2020
Ukuba wenza uphando lwewebhu ngemifanekiso "yesikhahlelo samaNazi" ufumana iifoto ezindala ezivela eJamani kunye neefoto zamva nje ezivela eUnited States. Kodwa ukuba ukhangela imifanekiso ka "Bellamy salute" ufumana iifoto ezingenakubalwa ezimnyama nezimhlophe zabantwana baseMelika kunye nabantu abadala iingalo zabo zasekunene ziphakanyiswe zaqina phambi kwabo kwinto eza kubetha uninzi lwabantu njengesikhahlelo samaNazi. Ukusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1890 ukuya kowe-1942 i-United States yasebenzisa umbuliso ka-Bellamy ukuhamba namazwi abhalwe ngu-Francis Bellamy nowaziwa njenge-Pledge of Allegiance. Kwi-1942, i-US Congress yayalela amaMelika ukuba abeke izandla zawo phezu kweentliziyo zawo xa efunga ukuthobela iflegi, ukuze angaphazanyiswa ngamaNazi.[i]
UJacques-Louis David wepeyinti ye-1784 Isifungo seHoratii kukholelwa ukuba iqalile ifashoni eyaqhubeka kangangeenkulungwane ebonisa amaRoma amandulo njengokwenza isenzo esifana kakhulu nesalamane saseBellamy okanye samaNazi.[ii]
Imveliso yeqonga laseMelika Ben Hur, kunye nohlobo lwefilimu lwango-1907 olufanayo, wasebenzisa isenzo. Abo bayisebenzisayo kwimveliso ezibalaseleyo zase-US zelo xesha ngebabeyazi imbuliso ka-Bellamy kunye nesiko lokubonisa “umlozo wamaRoma” kubugcisa be-neoclassical. Ngokwazi kwethu, "ukukhahlela kwamaRoma" zange khe kusetyenziswe ngamaRoma amandulo.
Ewe, sisothuso esilula kakhulu, akukho nzima ukuyicinga; zininzi kakhulu izinto zabantu abanokuzenza ngeengalo zabo. Kodwa xa ama-fascists ase-Itali ayichola, ayizange isinde kwi-Roma yamandulo kwaye ayizange yenziwe. Yayibonwe ngaphakathi Ben Hur, nakwiifilimu ezininzi zase-Italiya ezazisetwa kumaxesha amandulo, kubandakanya ICabiria (Ngo-1914), ibhalwe nguGabriele D'Annunzio.
Ukusuka ngo-1919 ukuya ku-1920 u-D'Annunzio wazenza uzwilakhe wento ebizwa ngokuba yi-Itali Regency yaseCarnaro, eyayilingana nesixeko esinye esincinci. Waqala izinto ezininzi ezaziza kwenziwa ngu-Mussolini kwakamsinya, kubandakanya urhulumente wobumbano, amasiko kawonke-wonke, ootsotsi abanxibe iimpahla ezimnyama, iintetho zebhalkhoni, kunye "nokukhahlela kwamaRoma," awayezakubona ICabiria.
Ngo-1923, amaNazi ayethathe umbuliso xa ebulisa uHitler, mhlawumbi ekopa ama-Italiya. Kwiintshukumo ze-1930 zobu-fascist kwamanye amazwe noorhulumente abahlukeneyo kwihlabathi liphela bayichola. UHitler ngokwakhe ubalise ngemvelaphi yamandulo yaseJamani malunga nokukhahlela, ethi, ngokokwazi kwethu, ayisiyonyani ukuba imvelaphi yaseRoma yamandulo okanye isiqingatha sezinto eziphuma emlonyeni kaDonald Trump.[iii] Ngokuqinisekileyo uHitler wayesazi ngokusetyenziswa kwesikhahlelo sikaMussolini kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo wayesazi ngokusetyenziswa kweMelika. Nokuba uqhagamshelo lwaseMelika lumthambisile ekuthandazeni ukukhahlela okanye hayi, kubonakala ngathi aluzange lumthintele ekwamkeleni.
Isalute esemthethweni yeOlimpiki ikwafana kakhulu nezinye ezi, nangona kunqabile ukuba zisetyenziswe kuba abantu abafuni kubonakala njengamaNazi. Yayisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwii-Olimpiki zika-1936 eBerlin, kwaye yababhida abantu abaninzi ngeloxesha nangoku ukusukela ukuba ngubani owayekhahlela iiOlimpiki kwaye ngubani owayekhahlela uHitler. Iiposta ezivela kwii-Olimpiki zika-1924 zibonisa umbuliso ngengalo ephantse ime nkqo. Ifoto esuka kwii-Olimpiki zika-1920 ibonisa umbuliso ohlukileyo.
Kubonakala ngathi inani labantu babenombono ofanayo ngexesha elinye, mhlawumbi bephenjelelwa ngamanye. Kwaye kubonakala ngathi uHitler wayinika umbono ombi igama elibi, ekhokelela kuye wonke umntu ukuba awuyeke, awuguqule kancinane, okanye awudlale okwexeshana.
Kwenza mahluko mni oku? UHitler ngewayesungula lo mbuliso ngaphandle kokuba i-United States ibekhona. Okanye ukuba ebengenakuba nako, ngewamisela omnye umbuliso obungekhe ubengcono okanye ubembi. Ewe kunjalo. Kodwa ingxaki ayikho apho kubekwa khona ingalo. Ingxaki sisiqhelo esinyanzelekileyo somkhosi kunye nokungathobeli.
Kwakufuneka ngokungqongqo kwiJamani yamaNazi ukukhahlela xa kubuliswa, kukhatshwa ngamazwi athi Dumisa uHitler! okanye Isichotho Soloyiso! Kwakufuneka kwakhona xa uMhobe weSizwe okanye uMhobe weQela lamaNazi wawudlalwa. Umhobe wesizwe ubhiyozela ukongama kweJamani, imachismo kunye nemfazwe.[iv] Umhobe wamaNazi wawubhiyozela iiflegi, uHitler nemfazwe.[v]
Xa uFrancis Bellamy wayila iSithembiso sokuThobela, yenziwa njengenxalenye yezikolo ezidibanisa inkolo, ukuthanda izwe, iiflegi, intobelo, isithethe, imfazwe, iimfumba kunye neemfumba ezizodwa.[vi]
Ewe, ingxelo yangoku yesibambiso yahluke kancinane kunasentla kwaye ifundeka ngolu hlobo: “Ndiyathembisa ukuthembeka kwiFlegi yase-United States yaseMelika, nakwiRiphabliki emi kuyo, sinye iSizwe esiphantsi koThixo, esingabonakaliyo, nenkululeko kunye ubulungisa kubo bonke. ”[vii]
Ubuzwe, ubukhosi, inkolo, ubuqaqawuli, kunye nesifungo sokunyaniseka kwilaphu: lo ngumxube. Ukunyanzelisa oku ebantwaneni kuye kwafuneka ukuba phakathi kweyona ndlela imbi kakhulu yokubalungiselela ukuba baphikise i-fascism. Nje ukuba wenze isifungo sokunyaniseka kwiflegi, uza kwenza ntoni xa umntu ephakamisa iflegi kwaye ekhwaza ukuba abasemzini abakhohlakeleyo bafuna ukubulawa? Kunqabile ukuba umlobi waseburhulumenteni wase-US okanye umlweli olwela uxolo ongayi kukuxelela ukuba lingakanani ixesha abalichithe bezama ukuzihlutha kulo lonke ubuzwe obabufakwe kubo njengabantwana.
Abanye abantu abatyelele eUnited States abasuka kwamanye amazwe bothuswa kukubona abantwana bemi, besebenzisa lo mbuliso uguqulweyo wokuzibamba ngentliziyo, kwaye besenza isifungo sokunyaniseka "kwisizwe esiphantsi koThixo." Kubonakala ngathi ukuguqulwa kwesimo sesandla akuphumelelanga ekubathinteleni bajonge njengamaNazi.[viii]
Ukukhahlela kwamaNazi akuzange kuyekwe nje eJamani; kuye kwavalwa. Ngelixa iiflegi zamaNazi kunye neengoma zingafunyanwa ngamanye amaxesha kwiindibano zobuhlanga eUnited States, azivunyelwanga eJamani, apho amaNazi amaNazi ngamanye amaxesha atshangatshangisa iflegi ye-Confederate States of America njengendlela esemthethweni yokwenza inqaku elifanayo.
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Excerpted kusuka Ukushiya iMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi emva.
Kwiveki elandelayo ikhosi ekwi-intanethi iqala ngesihloko sokushiya iWWII ngasemva:
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[i] U-Erin Blakemore, Imagazini ye-Smithsonian, "Imithetho malunga nendlela yokujongana neFlegi yase-US yangena ngenxa yokuba akukho mntu wayefuna ukuJongeka njengobuNazi," nge-12 ka-Agasti ka-2016, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/rules-about-how-to- Idilesi-yethu-iflegi-yeza-kuba-akukho-mntu-wayefuna-ukukhangeleka-njengo-nazi-180960100
[ii] UJessie Guy-Ryan, u-Atlas Obscura, "Indlela iSanute Salute eyaba ngayo esona Senzo siHlasileyo seHlabathi: UHitler wasungula iingcambu zaseJamani zokubulisa-kodwa imbali yayo yayisele izele ubuqhetseba," nge-12 kaMatshi 2016, https: //www.atlasobscura .com / amanqaku / indlela-yokwenza-inazi-ukukhahlela-kwaba-yeyona-eyona nto-ikhubekisayo-yehlabathi
[iii] Itheyibhile kaHitler yeNtetho: 1941-1944 (ENew York: Iincwadi ze-Enigma, 2000), https://www.nationalists.org/pdf/hitler/hitlers-table-talk-roper.pdf 179 iphepha
[iv] IWikipedia, "i-Deutschlandlied," https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutschlandlied
[v] Wikipedia, "Horst-Wessel-Lied," https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horst-Wessel-Lied
[vi] Umlingane woLutsha, 65 (1892): 446–447. Ishicilelwe kwakhona eScot M. Guenter, Iflegi yaseMelika, 1777-1924: Iinguqu kwiNkcubeko (ICranbury, NJ: I-Fairleigh Dickinson Press, ngo-1990). Icatshulwe yimiba yezeMbali: Ikhosi yoPhando yaseMelika kwiWebhu, kwiDyunivesithi yaseGeorge Mason, "'Ilizwe elinye! Ulwimi Olunye! Iflegi enye! ' Ukuyilwa kwesiko laseMelika, "http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5762
[vii] Ikhowudi yase-US, Isihloko 4, Isahluko 1, Icandelo 4, https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?path=/prelim@title4/chapter1&edition=prelim
[viii] Uluhlu lwazo zonke izizwe apho abantwana bahlala bethembisa ukuthobela iflegi ziya kuba mfutshane, kwaye zingabandakanyi amazwe afumileyo aseNtshona ngaphandle kwe-United States. Ngelixa amanye amazwe enezifungo kwizizwe (iSingapore) okanye oozwilakhe (North Korea), ndingafumana ilizwe elinye ngaphandle kweMelika apho nabani na athi abantwana bahlala bethembisa ukuthembeka kwiflegi: iMexico. Kwaye ndiyazi ngamanye amazwe amabini anesithembiso sokunyaniseka kwiflegi, nangona kubonakala ngathi ayisebenzisi rhoqo njenge-United States. Zombini zizizwe eziphantsi kwempembelelo enzima yase-US, kwaye kuzo zombini iimeko isibambiso sitsha noko. I-Philippines ibithembise ngokunyaniseka ukusukela ngo-1996, kunye ne-South Korea ukusukela ngo-1972, kodwa isibambiso ngoku ukusukela ngo-2007. ” Ukusuka kuDavid Swanson, Ukuphilisa ukuKhethekileyo: Yintoni engalunganga ngendlela esiCinga ngayo nge-United States? Yintoni Esinokuyenza Ngayo? (UDavid Swanson, 2018).
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